Icariin upregulates phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein levels in the hippocampus of the senescence-accelerated mouse

At 8 weeks after intragastric administration of icariin to senescence-accelerated mice （P8 strain）, Morris water maze results showed that escape latency was shortened, and the number of platform crossings was increased. Immunohistochemical staining and western blot assay detected significantly increased levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein These results suggest that icariin upregulates phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein levels and improves learning and memory functions in hippocampus of the senescence-accelerated mouse.

Hippocampal expression of synaptic structural proteins and phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein in a rat model of vascular dementia induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion

The present study established a rat model of vascular dementia induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion through permanent ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries.At 60 days after modeling,escape latency and swimming path length during hidden-platform acquisition training in Morris water maze significantly increased in the model group.In addition,the number of accurate crossings over the original platform significantly decreased,hippocampal CA1 synaptophysin and growth-associated protein 43 expression significantly decreased,cAMP response element-binding protein expression remained unchanged,and phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein expression significantly decreased.Results suggested that abnormal expression of hippocampal synaptic structural protein and cAMP response element-binding protein phosphorylation played a role in cognitive impairment following chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.

Effects of basic fibroblast growth factor on hippocampal and parietal cortical neuronal cAMP-response element-binding protein expression in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion

BACKGROUND： cAMP-response element binding protein （CREB） is a key modulator of various signaling pathways. CREB activation initiates a series of intracellular signaling pathways that promote neuronal survival. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the regulatory effects of basic fibroblast growth factor （bFGF） on cerebral neuronal CREB expression following ischemia/reperfusion injury. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： An immunohistochemical detection experiment was performed at the Department of Anatomy, Shenyang Medical College, between October 2006 and April 2008. MATERIALS： A total of 60 healthy, adult, Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups： sham-operated （n =12）, ischemia/reperfusion （n = 24）, and bFGF-treated （n = 24）. Rabbit anti-rat CREB （1： 100） and biotin labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG were purchased from the Wuhan Boster Company, China. MetaMorph-evolution MP5.0-BX51 microscopy imaging system was provided by China Medical University, China. METHODS： Rat models of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury were developed using the suture method for right middle cerebral artery occlusion. Two-hour ischemia was followed by reperfusion. Rats from the bFGF-treated and ischemia/reperfusion groups were intraperitoneally administered endogenous bFGF （500 IU/mL, 2 000 IU/kg） or an equal amount of physiological saline. Rats from the sham-operated group underwent a similar surgical procedure, without induction of ischemia/reperfusion injury and drug administration. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： After 48-hour reperfusion, hippocampal and parietal cortical neuronal CREB expression was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the absorbance of hippocampal CREB-positive products was determined using MetaMorph-evolutionMP5.0-BX51 microscopy imaging system. RESULTS： The sham-operated group exhibited noticeable CREB expression in hippocampal and parietal cortical neurons. In the ischemia/reperfusion group, the CREB expression was discrete and neurons were poorly arranged. The bFGF-treated group exhibited increased CREB expression and better neuronal arrangement compared with the ischemia/reperfusion group. The mean absorbance of CREB-immunoreactive products in the hippocampus and parietal cortex was significantly higher in the ischemia/reperfusion group than in the sham-operated group （P 〈 0.05）, and significantly higher in the bFGF-treated group than in the ischemia/reperfusion group （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： bFGF significantly upregulates CREB expression in hippocampal and parietal cortical neurons following ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Mechanisms of extracellular signal-regulated kinase/cAMP response element-binding protein/brain-derived neurotrophic factor signal transduction pathway in depressive disorder

The extracellular signal-regulated kinase/cAMP response element-binding protein/brain-derived neurotrophic factor signal transduction pathway plays an important role in the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs and has dominated recent studies on the pathogenesis of depression. In the present review we summarize the known roles of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, cAMP response element-binding protein and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the pathogenesis of depression and in the mechanism of action of antidepressant medicines. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase/cAMP response element-binding protein/brain-derived neurotrophic factor pathway has potential to be used as a biological index to help diagnose depression, and as such it is considered as an important new target in the treatment of depression.

Sevoflurane effects on cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein,phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein,and Livin expression in the cortex and hippocampus of a vascular cognitive impairment rat

BACKGROUND： Neuronal necrosis and apoptosis play important roles in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia and resulting cognitive impairment. However, inhibition of neuronal necrosis and apoptosis has been shown to attenuate cognitive impairment following cerebral ischemia. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of sevoflurane on cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein （CREB）, phosphorylated CREB （pCREB）, and Livin expression in the cortex and hippocampus of a rat model of vascular cognitive impairment.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled experiment was performed in the Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology between June 2007 and July 2008.MATERIALS： Sevoflurane was provided by Abbott Laboratory, UK; Morris water maze was provided by Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China; goat anti-rat CREB, goat anti-rat pCREB and goat anti-rat Livin antibodies were provided by Biosource International, USA. METHODS： A total of 42 female, Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the following groups： sham operation, vascular cognitive impairment, and sevoflurane treatment. The vascular cognitive impairment rat model was established by permanent bilateral occlusion of both common carotid arteries, and 1.0 MAC sevoflurane was immediately administered by inhalation for 2 hours. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： CREB, pCREB, and Livin expression was measured in the cortex and hippocampus by Western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Behavior was evaluated with Morris water maze. RESULTS： CREB, pCREB, and Livin expression in the sevoflurane treatment group was significantly greater than the vascular cognitive impairment group （P 〈 0.01）. However, expression of CREB and pCREB was significantly less in the sevoflurane treatment and vascular cognitive impairment groups, compared with the sham operation group （P 〈 0.01）. Livin expression in the sevoflurane treatment and vascular cognitive impairment groups was significantly greater than the sham operation group （P 〈 0.01）. Learning, memory, and behavior disorders were observed in the vascular cognitive impairment group. Sevoflurane treatment significantly improved these observed disorders. CONCLUSION： Sevoflurane improved cognitive impairment due to permanent bilateral occlusion of both common carotid arteries. Improved function was associated with increased CREB, pCREB, and Livin expression in the cortex and hippocampus.

Increased phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response element binding protein(CREB)in the dorsal root ganglia and superficial dorsal horn neurons following chronic constriction injury

Objective To investigate whether chronic constriction injury(CCI)of the sciatic nerve of rats could produce alterations in the phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response element binding(CREB)protein in dorsal root ganglia(DRG)and superficial dorsal horn neurons of the spinal cord.Methods Chronic constriction injury(CCI)of the sciatic nerve was employed as a model of neuropathic pain.Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into Na⒍ve,Sham,CCI2w(received CCI for2weeks)and CCI4w(received CCI for4weeks)groups.Hind pawwithdrawal threshold to mechanical stimuli and withdrawal latency to thermal stimuli were used to determine the mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia.Then all the rats were deeply anesthetized and perfused intracardially with paraformaldehyde.The fixed L 4-5 spinal cord and the L 5 DRG ipsilateral to CCI were harvested for fixation.The pCREB-immunoreactive(pCREB-IR)cells in both DRG and superficial dorsal horn neurons were quantified for analysis using immunohistochemistry methods.Results On the14th day after sciatic nerve injury,all the rats exhibited significant mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia.The mechanical withdrawal thresholds to von Frey filament from CCI2w group decreased significantly compared to both baseline values and those of Sham group(P<0.01);Thermal withdwal latencies from CCI2w group decreased significantly compared to both baseline values and those of Sham group(P<0.01).Some rats from Sham group also showed mechanical hyperalgesia compared to both baseline values and those of Na⒍ve group(P<0.01).28days after CCI,both mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity were significantly alleviated,with no statistical significance compared to those of Sham group.On the14th day after CCI,the number of pCREB-IR cells significantly increased in ipsilateral L 5 DRGs and superficial dorsal horns(P<0.01)compared to Sham group.The number of phosphorylated CREB-IR cells in the ipsilateral DRGs from Sham group also increased compared to that of Naive rats(P<0.05).There were no significant statistical differences of numbers of CREB-IR neuron between Sham group and CCI4wgroup.Conclusion CCI increases CREB phosphorylation both in DRG and superficial dorsal horn neurons of the lumbar spinal cord,and may be one of the key molecular mechanisms of central and peripheral sensitization following peripheral nerve injury.

Tonicity response element binding protein associated with neuronal cell death in the experimental diabetic retinopathy

AIM: To study the contribution of tonicity response element binding protein(Ton EBP) in retinal ganglion cell(RGC) death of diabetic retinopathy(DR).METHODS: Diabetes was induced in C57BL/6 mice by five consecutive intraperitoneal injections of 55 mg/kg streptozotocin(STZ). Control mice received vehicle(phosphate-buffered saline). All mice were killed 2mo after injections, and the extent of cell death and the protein expression levels of Ton EBP and aldose reductase(AR) were examined.RESULTS: The Ton EBP and AR protein levels and the death of RGC were significantly increased in the retinas of diabetic mice compared with controls 2mo after the induction of diabetes. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase(Td T)-mediated d UTP nick end labeling(TUNEL)-positive signals co-localized with Ton EBP immunoreactive RGC. These changes were increased in the diabetic retinas compared with controls.CONCLUSION: The present data show that AR and Ton EBP are upregulated in the DR and Ton EBP may contribute to apoptosis of RGC in the DR.

AB020.Inhibition of cyclic-AMP-response element binding protein and its impact on corneal wound healing in vitro and in vivo

Background:The cornea composes the outer surface of the eye and its transparency is required to allow light transmission to the retina.However,because of its position,the cornea is subjected to chemical and mechanical injuries that may lead to blindness.Our studies conducted using the human tissue-engineered cornea(hTEC)as a model provided evidence that the cyclic-AMP-response element binding protein(CREB)pathway is repressed during closure of corneal wounds.Based on these results,we hypothesized that closure of corneal wounds can be enhanced by preventing activation of CREB with the pharmacological inhibitor C646.Our goals were to proceed to the pharmacological inhibition of CREB(I)in vitro using the hTECs as a model,and then(II)in vivo using the rabbit as a model.Methods:The self-assembly approach was used to create hTECs,that were then wounded with an 8-mm diameter biopsy punch to create an epithelial defect.The tissues were then incubated with 10μM of C646(n=8).DMSO was used alone as a negative control(n=4).Closure of the wounds was monitored over a period of 5 days.Besides,the cornea of New Zealand white rabbits was debrided with an ethanol 70%solution to create an epithelial defect of 8-mm diameter.Several concentrations of C646(1,10,100μM et 1 mM)were applied as eye drops 3 times a day for up to 7 days.The wounded corneas(n=4 per concentration)were stained with fluorescein and photographed every day.Results:In vitro pharmacological inhibition of CREB with C646 considerably accelerated wound closure of all treated hTECs(4 days)compared to the control group(7 days).Moreover,the in vivo C646 treatment also accelerated wound healing of the corneas compared to the control group.The most effective concentration of C646 tested was the lowest(1μM),as it considerably enhanced the wound healing process.Conclusions:This study demonstrates that wound healing both in vitro and in vivo can be enhanced by preventing activation of CREB using a pharmacological inhibition approach.Most of all,this experiment suggests mediators from the CREB pathway as potential therapeutic targets on which we may influence to alter the wound healing dynamic of the cornea.We believe this study will lead to significant advancements in the clinical field of corneal defects.

山姜素调节cAMP/PKA/CREB信号通路促进骨质疏松性骨折大鼠骨折愈合

背景:山姜素具有抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗菌等作用,已被证实能够缓解骨质疏松症,但山姜素对骨质疏松性骨折的影响及机制仍不清楚。目的:探讨山姜素调节环磷酸腺苷/蛋白激酶A/环磷酸腺苷反应元件结合蛋白信号通路对骨质疏松性骨折大鼠的改善作用。方法:采用双侧卵巢切除手术构建骨质疏松症骨折大鼠模型,将成功造模大鼠依据随机数字表法分为山姜素低、中、高剂量组、抑制剂组和模型组,另选12只大鼠作为假手术组。骨折造模当天,山姜素低、中、高剂量组大鼠灌胃7.5,15,30 mg/kg的山姜素+腹腔注射等量的生理盐水,抑制剂组灌胃30 mg/kg的山姜素+腹腔注射5 mg/kg的H-89(通路抑制剂),模型组与假手术组给予(灌胃+腹腔注射)等量生理盐水,1次/d,连续8周。放射性检查评估大鼠骨折愈合情况并进行愈合评分;骨密度扫描仪测定骨折处骨密度;通过三点弯曲实验和压缩实验评估大鼠股骨生物力学状况;苏木精-伊红染色观察大鼠骨折处病理损伤;酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测血清碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素和Ⅰ型胶原交联C-末端肽、环磷酸腺苷水平的变化;Western blot检测股骨组织中骨形态发生蛋白2和环磷酸腺苷/蛋白激酶A/环磷酸腺苷反应元件结合蛋白通路蛋白表达。结果与结论:①相较于假手术组,模型组大鼠骨折愈合评分、骨密度、最大负荷、最大应力、碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素、环磷酸腺苷水平、骨形态发生蛋白2、磷酸化蛋白激酶A/蛋白激酶A、磷酸化环磷酸腺苷反应元件结合蛋白/环磷酸腺苷反应元件结合蛋白表达下降,Ⅰ型胶原交联羧基末端肽水平增加(P<0.05);与模型组比较,山姜素各剂量组大鼠上述各项指标呈现相反的变化(P<0.05);与山姜素高剂量组比较,抑制剂组大鼠上述指标变化均被逆转(P<0.05)。②结论:山姜素可能通过激活环磷酸腺苷/蛋白激酶A/环磷酸腺苷反应元件结合蛋白信号通路加速骨质疏松症骨折大鼠的骨折愈合。

基于cAMP/PKA/CREB信号通路探讨柴胡皂苷对多发性抽动症小鼠的治疗作用

目的基于环磷酸腺苷/蛋白激酶A/环磷酸腺苷反应成分结合蛋白(cAMP/PKA/CREB)信号通路探讨柴胡皂苷(SS)对多发性抽动症(TS)模型小鼠的治疗作用。方法将小鼠随机分为对照组、TS组、SS低剂量(SS-L)组、SS高剂量(SS-H)组、阳性药物组、SS-H+PKA抑制剂(H-89)组,每组10只。除对照组外,其他各组经腹腔注射亚氨基二丙腈溶液建立TS小鼠模型。造模后,SS-L组、SS-H组分别给予25、100 mg/kg SS腹腔注射,并以生理盐水灌胃;阳性药物组以0.5 mg/kg氟哌啶醇灌胃,并以生理盐水腹腔注射;SS-H+H-89组以100 mg/kg SS、5 mg/kg H-89腹腔注射,并以生理盐水灌胃;TS组及对照组分别以等体积的生理盐水腹腔注射、灌胃。每天1次,连续干预3周。对小鼠运动行为、刻板行为进行评分,用ELISA法检测纹状体组织中5-羟色胺(5-HT)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)以及多巴胺(DA),用苏木精-伊红法观察脑组织形态学变化,用免疫组化法检测黑质中酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)阳性神经元,用Western blotting法检测cAMP/PKA/CREB通路相关蛋白表达。结果与对照组比较,TS组脑细胞形态被破坏,干预1、2、3周小鼠运动行为评分、刻板行为评分及纹状体组织中NE、DA水平、TH阳性神经元数量高(P均<0.05),纹状体组织中5-HT水平及cAMP、PKA、CREB蛋白表达低(P均<0.05);与TS组比较,SS-L组、SS-H组、阳性对照组脑细胞形态得到改善,干预1、2、3周小鼠运动行为评分、刻板行为评分及纹状体组织中NE、DA水平、TH阳性神经元数量低(P均<0.05),纹状体组织中5-HT水平及cAMP、PKA、CREB蛋白表达高(P均<0.05);S-H+H-89组逆转SS-H组各指标的变化(P均<0.05)。结论SS可能通过调节cAMP/PKA/CREB信号通路对TS小鼠发挥治疗作用。

针刺足三里对CFA大鼠尾壳核中A1R/cAMP/p-CREB信号通路的影响

目的:观察针刺对完全弗氏佐剂(CFA)大鼠尾壳核(CPu)中的腺苷A1受体(A1R)/环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)/cAMP反应元件结合蛋白(CREB)信号通路的影响,探讨针刺治疗炎性痛的潜在机制。方法:将64只6~8周龄雄性Wistar大鼠运用随机数字法随机分为盐水组、模型组(CFA组)、CFA+手针针刺(MA)组、CFA+溶剂二甲基亚砜(DMSO)组、CFA+A1R激动剂2-氯-N6-环戊基腺苷(CCPA)组、CFA+A1R拮抗剂8-环戊基-1,3-二丙基黄嘌呤(DPCPX)组、CFA+MA+DMSO组和CFA+MA+DPCPX组,每组8只。采用右侧足底皮内注射CFA制作关节炎炎性痛模型。针刺组于造模后第2天针刺大鼠双侧足三里穴,每次30 min,每天1次,共7 d。采用足底热辐射痛阈值评判大鼠疼痛反应;ELISA检测CPu脑区cAMP含量变化;Western blot检测CPu脑区PKA和CREB蛋白表达及磷酸化水平的变化;免疫荧光染色检测CPu脑区A1R表达情况。结果:与盐水组比较,CFA造模显著降低大鼠热痛阈值(P<0.01);与CFA组比较,CFA+MA组和CFA+CCPA组大鼠的热痛阈值均显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01);与CFA+MA+DMSO组比较,CFA+MA+DPCPX组大鼠的热痛阈值显著降低(P<0.05)。与盐水组和CFA组比较,CFA+MA组大鼠CPu脑区中的A1R蛋白相对表达量和阳性细胞数均显著增加(P<0.05或P<0.01)。与盐水组相比,CFA+MA组大鼠CPu脑区中的cAMP含量显著减少,p-CREB蛋白水平显著降低(P<0.05);与CFA+DMSO组相比,CFA+MA+DMSO组和CFA+CCPA组的cAMP含量显著减少,p-CREB蛋白水平显著下降(P<0.01);与CFA+MA+DMSO组相比,CFA+MA+DPCPX组cAMP含量显著增加(P<0.01),p-PKA和p-CREB蛋白水平显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:针刺双侧足三里可以缓解CFA大鼠的炎性疼痛,其机制可能与A1R/cAMP/p-CREB信号通路有关。

cAMP/CREB信号通路对丙泊酚麻醉致大鼠认知功能损伤、记忆功能的影响及其机制

目的探究环腺苷酸/环磷酸腺苷反应元件结合蛋白(cAMP/CREB)信号通路对丙泊酚麻醉致大鼠认知功能损伤、记忆功能的影响及机制。方法2021年12月—2022年2月于湖北省恩施土家族苗族自治州中心医院动物实验室进行实验。将30只大鼠按随机数字表法分为对照组、丙泊酚组、8-溴-环腺苷酸(8-Br-cAMP)+丙泊酚组各10只,8-Br-cAMP+丙泊酚组大鼠注射信号通路激动剂8-Br-cAMP+丙泊酚,丙泊酚组注射丙泊酚,对照组注射0.9%氯化钠。麻醉1 d后观察大鼠认知记忆功能变化。结果与对照组比较,丙泊酚组大鼠逃避潜伏期时间延长,穿越平台次数下降(P均<0.01);与丙泊酚组比较,8-Br-cAMP+丙泊酚组大鼠逃避潜伏期时间缩短,穿越平台次数上升(P均<0.01)。与对照组比较,丙泊酚组理毛次数、跨格次数、站立次数下降,中央格停留时间延长(P均<0.01);与丙泊酚组比较,8-Br-cAMP+丙泊酚组理毛次数、跨格次数、站立次数上升,中央格停留时间缩短(P均<0.01)。与对照组比较,丙泊酚组MDA水平上升,SOD水平下降(P均<0.01);与丙泊酚组比较,8-Br-cAMP+丙泊酚组MDA水平下降,SOD水平上升(P均<0.01)。与对照组比较,丙泊酚组cAMP、CREB mRNA表达量均下降(P均<0.01);与丙泊酚组比较,8-Br-cAMP+丙泊酚组cAMP、CREBmRNA表达量均上升(P均<0.01)。与对照组比较,丙泊酚组cAMP、CREB蛋白相对表达量均下降(P均<0.01);与丙泊酚组比较,8-Br-cAMP+丙泊酚组cAMP、CREB蛋白相对表达量均上升(P均<0.01)。结论激活cAMP/CREB信号通路可缓解丙泊酚麻醉造成认知功能损伤及记忆功能下降,其机制可能与氧化应激反应受到调节有关。

cAMP/CREB信号通路与七氟醚麻醉致大鼠认知功能损伤及神经细胞凋亡的关系探究

目的 探究环腺苷酸/环磷酸腺苷反应元件结合蛋白(cAMP/CREB)信号通路与七氟醚麻醉致大鼠认知功能损伤及神经细胞凋亡的关系。方法 将30只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、七氟醚组及cAMP/CREB信号通路激动剂8-溴-环腺苷酸(8-Br-cAMP)+七氟醚组,8-Br-cAMP+七氟醚组侧脑室注射8-Br-cAMP 10μL,注射10 min后,七氟醚组、8-Br-cAMP+七氟醚组大鼠吸入3%七氟醚6h,麻醉24 h后,比较各组大鼠行为学表现、海马组织神经元数量与凋亡情况、海马组织中氧化应激指标及cAMP/CREB信号通路蛋白表达水平。结果 与对照组比较,七氟醚组和8-Br-cAMP+七氟醚组大鼠逃避潜伏期、海马组织CA1区凋亡神经细胞数明显增加,穿越平台次数、海马组织CA1区尼氏小体数、SOD、GSH活性、cAMP、PKA、CREB及BDNF表达水平明显减少或降低(P<0.05);与七氟醚组比较,8-Br-cAMP+七氟醚组大鼠逃避潜伏期、海马组织CA1区凋亡神经细胞数明显减少,穿越平台次数、海马组织CA1区尼氏小体数、SOD、GSH活性、cAMP、PKA、CREB及BDNF表达水平明显增加或升高(P<0.05)。但三组大鼠自发活动总路程和悬吊时间的比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。结论 cAMP/CREB信号通路可能参与七氟醚麻醉致大鼠认知功能损伤激神经细胞凋亡过程。

淫羊藿苷调控mTOR/Akt/CREB通路对高糖诱导的足细胞自噬及凋亡的影响

目的 探讨淫羊藿苷对高糖诱导的足细胞自噬、凋亡及哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)/丝氨酸苏氨酸蛋白激酶(Akt)/环磷酸腺苷反应元件结合蛋白(CREB)通路的影响。方法 将小鼠足细胞MPC5分为5组:正常对照组(5.5 mmol·L^(-1)葡萄糖)、高糖组(30 mmol·L^(-1)葡萄糖)、淫羊藿苷组(30 mmol·L^(-1)葡萄糖+5μmol·L^(-1)淫羊藿苷)、GDC-0349组(30 mmol·L^(-1)葡萄糖+50μmol·L^(-1)GDC-0349)、淫羊藿苷+GDC-0349组(30 mmol·L^(-1)葡萄糖+5μmol·L^(-1)淫羊藿苷+50μmol·L^(-1)GDC-0349)。培养48 h后,噻唑蓝法检测MPC5细胞活力;吖啶橙染色观察MPC5细胞自噬情况;流式细胞术检测MPC5细胞凋亡;蛋白印迹法检测MPC5细胞自噬[微管相关蛋白1轻链3(LC3)Ⅱ、LC3Ⅰ、自噬相关蛋白(Beclin-1)]、凋亡[Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)、B淋巴细胞瘤-2(Bcl-2)]和mTOR/Akt/CREB通路相关蛋白的表达。结果 与正常对照组比较,高糖组MPC5细胞活力、Bcl-2、磷酸化mTOR(p-mTOR)/mTOR、磷酸化Akt(p-Akt)/Akt、磷酸化CREB(p-CREB)/CREB蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.05),自噬能力增强,自噬体表现出橙色荧光,细胞凋亡率、LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ、Beclin-1、Bax蛋白表达水平显著升高(P<0.05)。与高糖组比较,淫羊藿苷组MPC5细胞活力、LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ、Beclin-1、Bcl-2、p-mTOR/mTOR、p-Akt/Akt、p-CREB/CREB蛋白表达水平显著升高,自噬能力进一步增强,自噬体数量增多,自噬体呈现出砖红色荧光(P<0.05),细胞凋亡率、Bax蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.05);GDC-0349组MPC5细胞活力、LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ、Beclin-1、Bcl-2、p-mTOR/mTOR、p-Akt/Akt、p-CREB/CREB蛋白表达水平显著降低,自噬能力减弱,自噬体数量减少,自噬体表现出橙色荧光(P<0.05),细胞凋亡率、Bax蛋白表达水平显著升高(P<0.05);淫羊藿苷+GDC-0349可逆转淫羊藿苷对高糖诱导MPC5细胞的作用效果(P<0.05)。结论 淫羊藿苷通过激活mTOR/Akt/CREB通路促进高糖诱导的足细胞自噬抑制细胞凋亡。

基于BDNF/CREB信号通路探讨巴戟天对慢性应激抑郁大鼠海马神经元损伤的影响

目的研究巴戟天对慢性应激抑郁大鼠海马神经元损伤及脑源性神经营养因子(brain-derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)/细胞内环磷腺苷效应元件结合蛋白(cyclic adenosine phosphate response element binding protein,CREB)信号通路的影响。方法从40只SD大鼠随机选取其中10只为正常组,对其余大鼠构建慢性不可预知温和应激模型后,再将其分为3组,即模型组,盐酸氟西汀组(3.17 mg·kg^(-1)),巴戟天组(3.17 g·kg^(-1))。持续灌胃后给药8周,1次/d,并先后在造模前、造模后和给药后开展了行为学实验,以判断大鼠的抑郁情况。通过苏木素-伊红染色(hematoxylin-eosin staining,HE)研究大鼠海马形态学改变,用免疫组织化学法(Immunohistochemistry,IHC)测定大鼠海马BDNF蛋白表达,用HE染色研究大鼠海马组织病理损伤并评分,用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR,RT-PCR)测定大鼠海马BDNF、TrkB、CREB mRNA相对表达,用蛋白免疫印迹法(western blot,WB)测定大鼠海马BDNF、TrkB、CREB蛋白的相对表达。结果与正常组比较,模型组大鼠活动总路程显著减少(P<0.05),自主游泳时间显著减少(P<0.05),悬尾挣扎时间显著减少(P<0.05)。HE染色结果中表明海马神经元组织受到破坏,病理损伤评分显著下降(P<0.05),免疫组织化学染色中海马BDNF表现显著下降(P<0.05),BDNF、TrkB、CREB mRNA的基因相对表达显著下降(P<0.05);与模型组对比,盐酸氟西汀组和巴戟天组大鼠活动的总里程明显提高(P<0.05),自主游泳时间显著增加(P<0.05),悬尾挣扎时间显著增加(P<0.05),HE染色结果表明海马神经元组织明显复原,病理损伤评分增加(P<0.05),免疫组织化学染色中BDNF表现显著增加(P<0.05),BDNF、TrkB、CREB mRNA的基因相对表达明显增加(P<0.05)。结论经慢性应激刺激后,巴戟天可能通过激活BDNF/TrkB/CREB信号通路对抑郁大鼠海马神经元损伤发挥神经保护作用,改善其抑郁样行为。

基于BDNF/TrkB/CREB通路研究六味地黄丸对丙戊酸钠诱导的孤独症谱系障碍模型仔鼠的作用机制

目的基于脑源性神经营养因子(brain-derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)/酪氨酸激酶受体B(tyrosine kinase receptor B,TrkB)/cAMP反应元件结合蛋白(cAMP response element binding protein,CREB)通路,探讨六味地黄丸对丙戊酸钠(sodium valproate,VPA)诱导的孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)仔鼠的作用机制。方法将13只SD孕鼠随机分为两组,其中10只孕鼠在第12.5天时腹腔注射VPA溶液(600 mg·kg^(-1))为VPA组,另外3只孕鼠注射等体积生理盐水为对照组。第21天对两组雄性仔鼠开展行为学检测,筛选出符合ASD疾病模型的仔鼠30只,随机分为模型组(等体积生理盐水),维生素D组(1480 IU·kg^(-1)),六味地黄丸高(3 g·kg^(-1))、中(1.5 g·kg^(-1))、低(0.75 g·kg^(-1))剂量组,每组6只。正常雄性仔鼠6只,设为空白组(等体积生理盐水)。各组仔鼠连续灌胃14 d,1次/d,给药后再次开展行为学检测。尼氏染色观察各组仔鼠海马组织神经元形态学变化,比色法检测各组仔鼠海马组织中谷氨酸(glutamic acid,GLU)、γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-aminobutyric acid,GABA)含量;qRT-PCR检测各组仔鼠海马组织中BDNF、TrkB、CREB mRNA相对表达。结果与对照组比较,VPA组仔鼠体质量、身长、尾长更小(P<0.05)。与空白组比较,模型组社交障碍症状明显(P<0.01),焦虑障碍症状明显(P<0.01),重复刻板行为增多(P<0.05或P<0.01),海马神经元结构损伤,GLU升高(P<0.01)、GABA下降(P<0.01),BDNF、TrkB、CREB mRNA表达降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);与模型组比较,维生素D组及六味地黄丸中、低剂量组仔鼠社交能力增强(P<0.05或P<0.01),焦虑障碍减轻(P<0.05或P<0.01),重复刻板行为减少(P<0.01或P<0.05),海马神经元结构明显复原,GLU下降(P<0.01),BDNF、TrkB、CREB mRNA表达增加(P<0.05或P<0.01),六味地黄丸中、低剂量组GABA上升(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论六味地黄丸能显著改善VPA诱导的ASD仔鼠行为表现,增强海马组织神经元的再生与修复,其机制可能与平衡GLU、GABA水平,上调仔鼠海马组织中BDNF/TrkB/CREB的表达有关。

丙泊酚调控cAMP/PKA-CREB-BDNF通路对大鼠神经元凋亡、坐骨神经阻滞效果的影响

目的分析丙泊酚调控脊髓环磷酸腺苷/蛋白激酶A-磷酸化环磷酸腺苷反应元件结合蛋白-脑源性神经营养因子(cAMP/PKA-CREB-BDNF)通路对大鼠神经元凋亡、坐骨神经阻滞效果的影响。方法选取40只SPF级Wistar雄性大鼠,其中对照组、假手术组、低剂量组、高剂量组各10只,空白组不做任何处理,假手术组进行手术处理和0.9%氯化钠溶液注射,低剂量组在假手术的基础上注射丙泊酚10 mg/kg;高剂量组注射丙泊酚30 mg/kg。结果与空白组相比,假手术组、低剂量组、高剂量组SOD活性降低(P<0.05);MDA含量、海马神经元凋亡率、各时间点MPE、MPE均升高以及cAMP、PKA、CREB、BDNF表达均降低(P<0.05)。与假手术组相比,低剂量组、高剂量组MDA含量降低(P<0.05);SOD活性、海马神经元凋亡率、各时间点MPE以及10、20、30、60、90、120 min时间点MPE均升高、150、180 min时间点MPE均降低(P<0.05);cAMP、PKA、CREB、BDNF表达均降低(P<0.05)。与低剂量组相比,高剂量组MDA含量降低(P<0.05);SOD活性、海马神经元凋亡率、各时间点MPE以及150、180min时间点EPT均升高;10、20、30、60、90、120 min时间点EPT均降低,(P<0.05);cAMP、PKA、CREB、BDNF表达均降低(P<0.05)。结论丙泊酚能够增强坐骨神经阻滞效果,降低神经元凋亡率,起保护作用可能与丙泊酚调控cAMP/PKA-CREB-BDNF通路有关。

基于p38 MAPK/CREB信号通路探讨穴位埋线联合补肾解毒通络汤对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾功能的影响

目的 基于丝裂原活化蛋白激酶p38(mitogen-activated protein kinases, MAPK)/cAMP反应元件结合蛋白(cyclic-AMP response binding protein, CREB)信号通路,探讨穴位埋线对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾功能的影响。方法 将Sprague Dawley大鼠构建糖尿病肾病模型,分别进行仅抓取(模型组)、补肾解毒通络汤、穴位埋线(足三里、肾俞、中脘)+补肾解毒通络汤(埋线组)干预,3周后观察干预后大鼠肾重/体质量,尿肌酐、血肌酐,外周血糖化血红蛋白、纤维蛋白(fibrinogen, FN)含量、肾皮质形态学差异,以及肾皮质p-p38MAPK,p-CREB,FN蛋白表达情况。结果 与对照组相比,各组大鼠的肾重/体质量、血肌酐和尿肌酐、糖化血红蛋白、血清FN和肾皮质p-p38MAPK、p-CREB和FN蛋白表达均具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。与模型组相比,埋线组的以上各项指标均得到显著降低(P<0.05)。且埋线组的以上各项指标也显著低于补肾解毒通络汤组(P<0.05)。结论 穴位埋线足三里、肾俞、中脘联合补肾解毒通络汤治疗能明显改善糖尿病肾病高血糖及肾损害,可能是通过调节p38 MAPK/CREB信号传导通路实现的。

miR-26b-3p靶向CREB1调控神经胶质瘤细胞的增殖、迁移及侵袭

目的探讨miR-26b-3p靶向调控环磷酸腺苷效应元件结合蛋白1(CREB1)表达水平影响胶质瘤细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力的分子机制。方法运用RT-qPCR和Western blotting检测不同级别胶质瘤中miR-26b-3p和CREB1的表达情况;生物信息学方法分析miR-26b-3p与CREB1结合的靶向序列。采用双荧光素酶报告基因检测miR-26b-3p对CREB1的靶向调控机制;将胶质瘤U251细胞分为对照组、miR-26b-3p mimic组及miR-26b-3p inhibitor组,采用Western blotting检测CREB1的表达变化,采用CCK-8法检测各组细胞增殖能力的影响,采用划痕实验检测各组细胞迁移能力的影响,采用Transwell检测各组细胞侵袭能力的影响,采用流式细胞术检测各组细胞凋亡的影响。结果miR-26b-3p的表达随着胶质瘤级别的增加而降低(P<0.05),而CREB1的表达则逐渐增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);双荧光素酶报告基因结果显示miR-26b-3p可显著影响CREB13′UTR表达载体的荧光素酶活性,CREB1是miR-26b-3p下游靶基因。抑制miR-26b-3p表达可上调CERB1的表达,进而抑制细胞凋亡,促进胶质瘤细胞的增殖和侵袭。过表达miR-26b-3p可下调CERB1的表达,促进细胞凋亡,抑制胶质瘤细胞的增殖和侵袭(P<0.05)。结论miR-26b-3p可靶向调控CREB1的表达调节胶质瘤细胞的凋亡、增殖、迁移和侵袭,进而参与胶质瘤的发生发展。

基于CREB3L1探讨矾冰纳米乳对兔耳增生性瘢痕模型相关蛋白及炎症因子的影响

目的观察矾冰纳米乳对兔耳增生性瘢痕组织环腺苷酸应答元件结合蛋白3样1(CREB3L1)及炎症损伤的影响,探讨其预防增生性瘢痕的作用机制。方法将30只新西兰大耳白兔随机分为空白组、模型组、积雪草苷组及矾冰纳米乳低、中、高剂量组(8.15、16.3、32.6 mg·mL^(-1))。采用热力烫伤法进行造模,深Ⅱ度烧伤造模成功后第14天给予相应药物外用,空白组、模型组外用等量生理盐水,每日2次,连续给药至第35天。苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察兔耳瘢痕组织病理学改变;马松(Masson)染色观察瘢痕组织胶原沉积情况;免疫荧光双标法检测兔耳瘢痕组织CREB3L1/α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)共表达情况;酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测瘢痕组织白细胞介素6(IL-6)、白细胞介素10(IL-10)等炎性因子表达;实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)检测CREB3L1、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白(COL-Ⅰ)、Ⅲ型胶原蛋白(COL-Ⅲ)、α-SMA mRNA表达;蛋白免疫印迹法(Western Bolt)检测CREB3L1、COL-Ⅰ、COL-Ⅲ、α-SMA的蛋白表达情况。结果与空白组比较,模型组瘢痕增生指数明显升高(P<0.01);病理学改变包括真皮层增厚,形成致密的网状纤维,伴见炎症细胞浸润;Masson染色可见真皮层增厚,蓝染的胶原纤维大量沉积排列紊乱;免疫荧光双标结果显示,瘢痕组织中CREB3L1阳性表达增加,α-SMA阳性表达增加,IL-6含量明显升高(P<0.01),IL-10含量明显降低(P<0.01),兔耳瘢痕组织中的CREB3L1、COL-Ⅰ、COL-Ⅲ、α-SMA mRNA相对表达量明显增加(P<0.01),CREB3L1、COL-Ⅰ、COL-Ⅲ、α-SMA蛋白的表达明显增加(P<0.01)。与模型组比较,矾冰纳米乳中、高剂量组及积雪草苷组治疗后瘢痕增生指数均明显下降(P<0.05,P<0.01),病理改变可见真皮层变薄,炎性细胞均有不同程度减少,蓝染的胶原纤维减少,免疫荧光双染可见瘢痕组织中CREB3L1阳性表达降低,α-SMA阳性表达降低,IL-6含量明显降低(P<0.01),IL-10含量明显升高(P<0.01),矾冰纳米乳中、高剂量组和积雪草苷组均能够明显下调CREB3L1、COL-Ⅰ、COL-Ⅲ、α-SMA mRNA的表达(均P<0.01),降低CREB3L1、COL-Ⅰ、COL-Ⅲ、α-SMA蛋白的表达(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论矾冰纳米乳能够通过调节CREB3L1及相关纤维化蛋白的表达,降低炎症水平,从而预防增生性瘢痕形成,丰富了中医“既病防变”“治未病”思想的科学内涵。