Investigation of Microstructure, Natural Frequencies and Vibration Modes of Dragonfly Wing

In the present work, a thorough investigation on the microstructural and morphological aspects of dragonfly wings was carried out using scanning electron microscope. Then, based on this study and the previous reports, a precise three-dimensional numerical model was developed and natural frequencies and vibration modes of dragonfly forewing were determined by finite element method. The results shown that dragonfly wings are made of a series of adaptive materials, which form a very complex composite structure. This bio-composite fabrication has some unique features and potential benefits. Furthermore, the numerical results show that the first natural frequency of dragonfly wings is about 168 Hz and bending is the predominant deformation mode in this stage. The accuracy of the present analysis is verified by comparison of calculated results with experimental data. This paper may be helpful for micro aerial vehicle design concerning dynamic response.

Analysis of the flexural vibration of ship's tail shaft by transfer matrix method

A ship's tail shaft has serious flexural vibration due to the cantilevered nature of the propeller's blades.Analysis of the nature frequency of flexural vibration is vital to be able to provide effective shock absorption for a ship's tail shaft.A mathematic model of tail shaft flexural vibrations was built using the transfer matrix method.The nature frequency of flexural vibration for an electrically propelled ship's tail shaft was then analyzed,and an effective method for calculating it was proposed:a genetic algorithm(GA),which calculates the nature frequency of vibration of a system.Sample calculations,with comparisons by the Prohl method under conditions bearing isotropic support,showed this method to be practical.It should have significant impact on engineering design theory.

Vibration reliability analysis for aeroengine compressor blade based on support vector machine response surface method

To ameliorate reliability analysis efficiency for aeroengine components, such as compressor blade, support vector machine response surface method(SRSM) is proposed. SRSM integrates the advantages of support vector machine(SVM) and traditional response surface method(RSM), and utilizes experimental samples to construct a suitable response surface function(RSF) to replace the complicated and abstract finite element model. Moreover, the randomness of material parameters, structural dimension and operating condition are considered during extracting data so that the response surface function is more agreeable to the practical model. The results indicate that based on the same experimental data, SRSM has come closer than RSM reliability to approximating Monte Carlo method(MCM); while SRSM(17.296 s) needs far less running time than MCM(10958 s) and RSM(9840 s). Therefore,under the same simulation conditions, SRSM has the largest analysis efficiency, and can be considered a feasible and valid method to analyze structural reliability.

The Effect of Tool Construction and Cutting Parameters on Surface Roughness and Vibration in Turning of AISI 1045 Steel Using Taguchi Method

This paper presents an experimental investigation focused on identifying the effects of cutting conditions and tool construction on the surface roughness and natural frequency in turning of AISI1045 steel. Machining experiments were carried out at the lathe using carbide cutting insert coated with TiC and two forms of cutting tools made of AISI 5140 steel. Three levels for spindle speed, depth of cut, feed rate and tool overhang were chosen as cutting variables. The Taguchi method L9 orthogonal array was applied to design of experiment. By the help of signal-to-noise ratio and analysis of variance, it was concluded that spindle speed has the significant effect on the surface roughness, while tool overhang is the dominant factor affecting natural frequency for both cutting tools. In addition, the optimum cutting conditions for surface roughness and natural frequency were found at different levels. Finally, confirmation experiments were conducted to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the Taguchi method in optimizing the cutting parameters for surface roughness and natural frequency.

Free vibration analysis of functionally graded material beams based on Levinson beam theory

Free vibration response of functionally graded material （FGM） beams is studied based on the Levinson beam theory （LBT）. Equations of motion of an FGM beam are derived by directly integrating the stress-form equations of elasticity along the beam depth with the inertial resultant forces related to the included coupling and higherorder shear strain. Assuming harmonic response, governing equations of the free vibration of the FGM beam are reduced to a standard system of second-order ordinary differential equations associated with boundary conditions in terms of shape functions related to axial and transverse displacements and the rotational angle. By a shooting method to solve the two-point boundary value problem of the three coupled ordinary differential equations, free vibration response of thick FGM beams is obtained numerically. Particularly, for a beam with simply supported edges, the natural frequency of an FGM Levinson beam is analytically derived in terms of the natural frequency of a corresponding homogenous Euler-Bernoulli beam. As the material properties are assumed to vary through the depth according to the power-law functions, the numerical results of frequencies are presented to examine the effects of the material gradient parameter, the length-to-depth ratio, and the boundary conditions on the vibration response.

Free Vibration Analysis of Functionally Graded Beams with General Elastically End Constraints by DTM

The differential transformation method (DTM) is applied to investigate free vibration of functionally graded beams supported by arbitrary boundary conditions, including various types of elastically end constraints. The material properties of functionally graded beams are assumed to obey the power law distribution. The main advantages of this method are known for its excellence in high accuracy with small computational expensiveness. The DTM also provides all natural frequencies and mode shapes without any frequency missing. Fundamental frequencies as well as their higher frequencies and mode shapes are presented. The significant aspects such as boundary conditions, values of translational and rotational spring constants and the material volume fraction index on the natural frequencies and mode shapes are discussed. For elastically end constraints, some available results of special cases for isotropic beams are used to validate the present results. The new frequency results and mode shapes of functionally graded beams resting on elastically end constraints are presented.

NONLINEAR VIBRATION OF THIN SHALLOW CONIC SHELLS UNDER COMBINED ACTION OF PERIPHERAL MOMENT AND TRANSVERSE LOADS

Based on the variation and harmonic equations and by taking the maximum amplitude of the shell center as the perturbation parameter, nonlinear vibration of thin shallow conic shells under combined action of peripheral moment and transverse loads was solved. The linear natural frequency can be got by the first_order approximation and the more accurate nonlinear frequency is got by the second_order approximation under the action of static loads. Meanwhile the third_order approximate analytic expression is given for describing the nonlinear relation between nature frequency and peripheral moment,transverse loads, amplitude, base angle under the small deformation. Within some range, the complex and regularity of the nonlinear relation can be directly observed from the numeric results.

COUPLED VIBRATION OF STRUCTURAL THIN-WALLED CORES

This paper presents an analysis of the coupled vibration of asymmetric core structures in tall buildings. The governing equation of free vibration and its corresponding eigenvalue problem, which is a set of equations for laterally flexural vibrations in two different directions coupled by a warping-St. Venant torsional vibration, are derived. Based on the Calerkin method, a generalized approximate method is developed for the analysis of coupled vibration and thus proposed for determining the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the structure in triply-coupled vibration. The results of the proposed method for the example structure show good agreement with those of the FEM analysis. The proposed method has been shown to provide a simple and rapid, yet accurate, means for coupled vibration analysis of core structures.

Analysis of the Behavior of a Square Plate in Free Vibration by FEM in Ansys

In the realization of mechanical structures, achieving stability and balance is a problem commonly encountered by engineers in the field of civil engineering, mechanics, aeronautics, biomechanics and many others. The study of plate behavior is a very sensitive subject because it is part of the structural elements. The study of the dynamic behavior of free vibration structures is done by modal analysis in order to calculate natural frequencies and modal deformations. In this paper, we present the modal analysis of a thin rectangular plate simply supported. The analytical solution of the differential equation is obtained by applying the method of separating the variables. We are talking about the exact solution of the problem to the limit values. However, numerical methods such as the finite element method allow us to approximate these functions with greater accuracy. It is one of the most powerful computational methods for predicting dynamic response in a complex structure subject to arbitrary boundary conditions. The results obtained by MEF through Ansys 15.0 are then compared with those obtained by the analytical method.

Detecting Damage in Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Vibrational Characteristics

This paper evaluates two methods of diagnosing damage, Natural frequency and Stiffness-Frequency change-Based damage detection method in reinforced concrete beams under load using vibration characteristics such as natural frequency and mode shape. The research uses finite element method with crack damage instead of deleting or reducing the bearing capacity of the element like in previous studies. First, a theory of the damage diagnosis method based on the change of natural frequency and mode shape is presented. Next, the simulation results of reinforced concrete beams using ANSYS will be compared with the experiment. Particularly, the investigated damage cases are cracks in reinforced concrete beams under loads. Finally, we will evaluate the accuracy of the damage diagnosis methods and suggest the location of the vibration data and specify the failure threshold of the methods.

Experimental and Numerical Investigations on Vibration Characteristics of a Loaded Ship Model

在这篇论文，在有限液体领域的结构的颤动特征用 a coupled 被分析有限元素方法。增加的集体矩阵与有限元素方法被计算(女性) 由 8 节点声学的液体元素。在有限液体领域的结构的颤动特征被计算联合结构女性的集体矩阵。由写相关程序，沉没伸臂的颤动特征上的数字分析在有限液体领域和装载轮船模型的矩形的板被执行。为在空中并且在水里的装载轮船模型的一个形式的鉴定实验被进行，实验结果验证数字分析的可靠性。数字方法能在有限液体领域在颤动特征和结构的声学的放射问题上被用于进一步的研究。

温度作用下大跨度斜拉桥长波不平顺限值研究

研究目的:为研究大跨度斜拉桥在温度作用下的变形及其引起的长波不平顺对列车运行的影响,以泉州湾跨海钢混结合梁斜拉桥为研究对象,在其主梁截面布置温度传感器以监测主梁温度变化,利用ANSYS软件分析实测温度作用下的斜拉桥主梁竖向变形,将温度变形与轨道不平顺叠加且基于弹性系统动力学总势能不变值原理建立考虑该长波不平顺的车桥耦合模型,以研究长波不平顺对列车动力响应的影响、弦测法对其进行评价的适配性,以及温度变形极限条件下的对应限值。研究结论:(1)温度监测系统共收集了1年的温度数据,将其分解为均匀温度和线性温差后,对应的温度变化范围分别为[5.82°C,37.51°C]和[2.36°C,29.94°C],主梁主跨跨中的最大竖向位移为28.6 mm,最小竖向位移为14.1 mm;(2)相比于未考虑温度作用,考虑了温度作用引起的长波不平顺的车桥耦合振动模型得到的列车轮重减载率、竖向加速度和竖向舒适度指标均有一定增大,竖向加速度增幅最为明显;(3)考虑了因列车运行引起的桥梁动态位移的影响后,60 m弦中点弦测法依然能够很好地体现列车振动响应,与车体竖向加速度响应相关性最好;(4)通过分析60 m弦的不平顺计算结果并进行验证,可知桥塔附近是双线行车时会车的危险位置;(5)在温度变形极限条件下列车的竖向加速度达到规范限值,对应的60 m弦矢度限值为7.22 mm;(6)本研究成果可为大跨度斜拉桥长波不平顺的评测方法选取及限值要求提供参考。

基于振动频率法的船舶系缆力试验研究

现有的系缆力测量方法尚无法实现简单、准确、高效地测量单根船舶缆绳的系缆力。参考测量斜拉索索力的计算方法,进行了振动频率法测量船舶系缆力的试验研究。依据实际系泊环境搭建了原型测试平台,并针对可能产生理论误差的影响因素与实际应用要求,进行不同数据采集位置、激励方式、激励位置、浸湿缆绳和不同温度等影响因素的误差试验研究,提出基于环境激励和人工激励的新激励方式。通过分析振动频率法的计算值与原型测试平台的张拉值,得出数据采集位置、激励位置和激励方式对船舶系缆力测量值影响很小,缆绳浸湿下误差率范围增大1.5%左右,低温下(2℃)误差率增加±2%左右,综合误差范围为-5%~4%且误差率可以较好地满足正态分布,通过修正缆绳长度对测量精度进行修正。结果表明该方法具有较强的可行性与应用性,能有效实现简单、准确、高效地测量船舶系缆力。

附加质量法和FSI法用于弧形闸门动力特性分析的适用性

为研究附加质量法和流固耦合界面(FSI)法用于弧形闸门动力特性分析的适用性,首先通过建立弧形闸门有限元模型,采用收敛性分析的方法研究了FSI法计算时流体长度的合理取值,保证了流体-弧形闸门系统自振频率的计算精度。其次,从弧形闸门水头高度和刚度的角度出发,比较了采用附加质量法和FSI法对弧形闸门流固耦合效应的模拟结果,讨论了采用简化的附加质量法的适用性。最后,根据有限元计算的数值结果讨论了流固耦合效应对弧形闸门动力特性的影响。结果表明:(1)FSI法中流体长度取2倍水头高度可代替实际流体的无界性;(2)在水头较低且闸门刚度较大的情况下,采用附加质量法模拟流固耦合效应能在保证计算精度的基础上提高计算效率。随着水头增高,精度有所下降。此时,弧形闸门的自振频率明显降低,并且主要的变形由支臂转移到面板,有必要采用FSI法代替附加质量法来确保计算精度。

基于双向流固耦合的无拉索天线桅杆风致振动特性研究

为研究正六边形无拉索天线桅杆的风致振动特性,本文进行了基于双向流固耦合的数值模拟研究。建立了无拉索天线桅杆固体网格及外流场重叠网格三维有限元模型,利用ANSYS Workbench搭建基于Transient、Fluent和System Coupling的双向流固耦合仿真系统,对不同风速下桅杆的横向、顺风向振动位移及受力进行了分析,并运用Model模块计算了桅杆前六阶固有频率及其对应模态。结果表明:无拉索天线桅杆在风速U=13.5 m/s时会发生振动形式转变,振动形式从第一阶模态转变为第一阶与第二阶混合模态,横向振幅在此风速下出现极小值;桅杆受到的顺风向阻力数值模拟结果与经验公式基本相符,对比误差不超过8.5%;无拉索天线桅杆尾流主涡的交替摆动是其受到脉动横向风载的主要原因。

基于桥梁上部结构自振频率实测结果的技术状况评定方法研究

随着服役期的增长,桥梁功能逐步退化,合理评定其技术状况,对养护决策十分重要。特别是对部分加固处置后的桥梁而言,原结构不具备常规检测条件,准确把握桥梁的实际工作状态较困难。自振频率是桥梁的一个固有特性,当桥梁功能衰退时,其结构刚度下降,实测自振频率也相应降低,直接反映了桥梁的工作状态。因此,寻找桥梁自振频率实测结果与其技术状况等级之间的关系,不仅能快速掌握桥梁的工作状态,还能通过自振频率反映某些不能用常规手段检测的隐性病害。基于自振频率实测结果的技术状况评定方法,能为桥梁养护管理部门进行桥梁管理和养护提供可靠的决策依据。

Flextensional fiber Bragg grating-based accelerometer for low frequency vibration measurement

The intelligent structural health monitoring method, which uses a fiber Bragg grating （FBG） sensor, is a new approach in the field of civil engineering. However, it lacks a reliable FBG-based accelerometer for taking structural low frequency vibration measurements. In this letter, a fiextensional FBG-based accelerometer is proposed and demonstrated. The experimental results indicate that the natural frequency of the developed accelerometer is 16.7 Hz, with a high sensitivity of 410.7 pm/g. In addition, it has a broad and flat response over low frequencies ranging from 1 to 10 Hz. The natural frequency and sensitivity of the accelerometer can be tuned by adding mass to tailor the sensor performance to specific applications. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the good performance of the proposed FBG-based accelerometer. These results show that the proposed accelerometer is satisfactory for low frequency vibration measurements.

Non-linear dynamics analysis of in-plane motion for suspended cable under concentrated load

The non-linear equations of strings under a concentrated load were derived.The formulae of the linear frequency and the governing equation of the primary resonance were obtained by Galerkin and Multiple-dimensioned method.The reason of the loss of load in practical engineering was addressed.The bifurcation graphics and the relationship graphics of bifurcate point with concentrated load and the span length of the cable were obtained by calculating example.The results show that formula of the linear frequency of the suspended cable is different from that of the string.

离散支撑梁基于逐段拆分与复合的动力学建模新方法

为了更高效分析轨道交通中的振动、噪声起因和传播,需合理构建轨道中离散支撑连续梁结构的动力学模型。在求解这类梁结构的自由振动问题时,常规解法以各阶单跨梁振型为基底函数利用里兹法求解固有特性,然后根据模态叠加法求解不同外激励下的响应。但在轨道长度不足和非周期支撑时,该方法中振型函数不能反映其离散支座特性。通过拆分连续梁为多个含弹性约束欧拉-伯努利梁,并给出梁段连接节点处的动平衡方程,得到多段梁固有频率的解析型方程组,从而求解出更符合实际的振型函数以及固有频率。进一步对比有限元模拟结果,验证所提方法的精确性,表明其在振动优化和模态分析方面具有较好的参考价值。

激光追踪测量系统机械结构模态参数影响

为了避免激光追踪测量系统机械结构在工作状态与电机产生共振现象,保证激光追踪测量系统的测量精度,本文提出了一种分析激光追踪测量系统机械结构模态参数影响的方法。基于两自由度的激光追踪测量系统机械结构,根据有限元法的模态分析理论,分析了结构材料密度、弹性模量和不同材料对系统固有频率的影响。研究结果表明:系统的固有频率随着结构密度的增大而增大,随着结构刚度的增大而减小,不同材料的影响差异较大;采用粘贴的固定方式可以增加系统的稳定性,有效保障系统的测量精度。本文的研究为激光追踪测量机械结构系统的振动特性分析、振动故障诊断和预报,以及结构动力特性的优化设计提供了依据。