Numerical analysis of influence of expansion joints on welding residual stress of an EGR cooler

The influence of expansion joints on the welding residual stress at the tube-plate junction of an exhaust gas recirculation(EGR)cooler was studied by numerical simulation method.The simulation results show that the expansion joints set on the housing of the EGR cooler mainly for the sake of protecting the tube-plate joints from bearing additional heating stress can also reduce the welding residual tensile stress.The expansion joints set on the EGR cooler can mitigate the tensile force acting on the edges of the main plates through its elastic extension,and thus reduce the magnitude of welding residual tensile stress at the tube-plate junction.

Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation,High Temperature and Alkaline Chemicals on Ageing of Silicone Sealants Used in Ballastless Track Expansion Joints

Expansion joints silicone sealants used in high speed railway construction suffer from ultraviolet radiation(UV), high temperature combined with the alkaline environment. To evaluate the durability and analyse the ageing mechanism, six one-component silicone sealants from different companies were selected and subjected to accelerated ageing tests including UV, thermal and alkali ageing treatments. The ageing effects on the performance of the sealants were evaluated via the appearance and the mechanical property changes. The changes in molecular structure were studied by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and thermogravimetry(TG). This study revealed that different materials displayed different sensibilities to the ageing methods, in which 15 %-20 % decreases of mechanical properties could be observed under UV radiation test, owning the most significant effects. Structure analysis showed that the physical changes of aggregative states were the principal factors to the performance, along with the chemical slight changes. The glossiness dropped significantly in ageing test, which could be used as one of the effective evaluation parameters for ageing conditions in the field.

Damage alarming for bridge expansion joints using novelty detection technique based on long-term monitoring data

Damage alarming and safety evaluation using long-term monitoring data is an area of significant research activity for long-span bridges. In order to extend the research in this field, the damage alarming technique for bridge expansion joints based on long-term monitoring data was developed. The effects of environmental factors on the expansion joint displacement were analyzed. Multiple linear regression models were obtained to describe the correlation between displacements and the dominant environmental factors. The damage alarming index was defined based on the multiple regression models. At last, the X-bar control chart was utilized to detect the abnormal change of the displacements. Analysis results reveal that temperature and traffic condition are the dominant environmental factors to influence the displacement. When the confidence level of X-bar control chart is set to be 0.003, the false-positive indications of damage can be avoided. The damage sensitivity analysis shows that the proper X-bar control chart can detect 0.1 cm damage-induced change of the expansion joint displacement. It is reasonably believed that the proposed technique is robust against false-positive indication of damage and suitable to alarm the possible future damage of the expansion joints.

Design of Bridge Expansion Joints with Perforated Dowels Under Impact Loading

The expansion joints are expected to have movement capacity, bearing capacity for static and dynamic loading, water-tightness, low noise emission and traffic safety. In particular, the failure due to impact loading is the main reason for the observed damages. The problem of dynamic behavior of the expansion joints is so complex that we shall focus our attention on the impact factor for vehicle load that is governed by traffic impact. In order to overcome this difficulty, the cantilever-toothed aluminum joint (finger joint) is one of the promising joints under impact loading. In this study, from the viewpoint of design methodology, numerical studies for impact behavior were conducted for aluminum alloy expansion joints with perforated dowels. The design impact factor for the expansion joints with the perforated dowels against traffic impact loading was examined by using numerical simulations.

Durability of Bridge Expansion Joints with Perforated Dowels Under Traffic Impact Loading

In design phases, expansion joints are required to have movement capacity, bearing capacity for static and dynamic loading, watertight, low noise emission and traffic safety. On the basis of the fact that failure due to dynamic loading is the main reason for the observed damages, attention is focused on the bearing capacity for dynamic loading governed by impact, because it differs from the static loading. In this study, from the viewpoint of durability, experimental studies for dynamic behavior were conducted for aluminium alloy expansion joints with perforated dowels. The validity of the perforated dowels against traffic impact loading was confirmed by both experimental and numerical studies.

BASF and Sinopec Break Ground on $1.4 Billion Expansion of Nanjing Joint Venture Chemical Site

BASF and Sinopec began the construction for the expansion of their joint venture,BASF-YPC Co.,Ltd. (BYC). BASF and Sinopec plan to jointly invest approximately $1.4 billion

桥梁伸缩缝锚固区破坏机理及材料应用现状

伸缩缝锚固区是保障伸缩缝正常工作的重要组成部分,但受施工和交通荷载的影响易出现病害,严重影响了桥梁使用质量和行车安全。针对桥梁伸缩缝锚固区的结构和受力特点,介绍了伸缩缝锚固区材料的破坏形式,分析了锚固区破坏机理,总结了锚固区材料的性能需求,分析了目前各类锚固区材料应用现状,并为伸缩缝锚固区材料选取提出了建议。

伸缩缝及支座病害对简支梁桥车致动力响应的影响研究

中小跨径桥梁在中国公路桥梁中占比大,其伸缩缝服役环境恶劣,易发生损伤造成过往车辆剧烈振动、桥梁支座损伤等病害。为探明伸缩缝、支座参数对简支梁桥车致动力响应的影响,建立了车⁃伸缩缝⁃桥梁耦合动力响应(VBCV⁃J)数值分析方法,并通过实测数据验证了该方法,进而开展了伸缩缝、支座参数影响规律的研究。研究结果表明:车速与车辆的振动密切相关,在车速较高、路面状况“一般”时,伸缩缝、梁端的冲击效应会超出规范值。伸缩缝中梁高于路面会导致该部件的冲击效应增大明显,反之则有所减小;而伸缩缝中梁高于或低于路面,均会造成该桥梁端冲击效应增大。伸缩缝弹性支撑刚度的降低、主梁边支座脱空均会引起伸缩缝、主梁梁端的冲击效应增大。支座刚度降低则主要导致主梁整体的冲击效应增大。伸缩缝的破损不仅影响自身冲击效应,还会大幅增大简支梁桥梁端构件的冲击作用,在设计和养护中,应对伸缩缝及梁端构件给予足够的重视。

某试验台高温高压管道结构设计研究

针对某型号燃烧室压力模化试验台高温高压管道展开设计,管道试压过程发生膨胀节变形,根据现场实际变形情况开展原因分析,提出膨胀节及试验台管道优化改进方案,通过开展有限元分析,论证了方案的可行性。根据优化改进方案进行现场调整,并开展高温高压联调测试,验证了优化改进方案的可行性。

基于循环孔洞扩张模型的X型圆管节点超低周疲劳寿命预测

海洋工程钢结构在服役过程中,受风、浪、流或地震等极端循环载荷的影响,易发生超低周疲劳断裂破坏,造成人员伤亡及财产损失,因此超低周疲劳断裂分析及寿命预测对于海工结构安全性评估至关重要。然而,现阶段基于累积损伤理论提出的多种超低周疲劳寿命预测模型无法对多尺度节点实现统一预测,造成了实际工程应用的不便。因此文中基于循环孔洞扩张模型开展X型圆管节点超低周疲劳寿命预测。首先,开发了基于循环孔洞扩张模型的VUSDFLD程序,实现ABAQUS与FORTRAN子程序联合应用,利用有限元分析验证循环孔洞扩张模型在X型圆管节点超低周疲劳断裂分析中的有效性;其次,根据多组X型圆管节点超低周疲劳断裂有限元分析结果,在宏观层面提出了一种基于Manson-Coffin公式的超低周疲劳寿命预测公式;最后,依据Miner理论,将适用于等幅加载的超低周疲劳寿命公式扩展至变幅加载情况,验证了多种节点尺寸下超低周疲劳公式的适用性,为工程应用提供了理论依据。

膨胀套管接头柱面密封结构密封性能分析

为了研究影响膨胀套管接头柱面密封结构密封性能的因素,采用有限元显示动力学分析方法,对构建的膨胀套管接头柱面密封结构的膨胀过程进行有限元仿真和分析,得到了无载荷工况、内压和金属密封面初始间隙对套管接头密封性能的影响规律。结果表明:在无载荷工况下,套管接头膨胀后金属密封面间接触力为零,不具备密封性能;在0~30 MPa范围内,施加的压力越大,膨胀后金属密封面间的接触力越大,密封性能越高;金属密封面初始间隙对套管接头的密封性能影响最大,当金属密封面初始间隙在0.1~0.4 mm范围内减小时,套管膨胀后密封面上的接触力逐渐增大,柱面密封结构的密封性能逐渐提高。分析结果可为膨胀套管接头密封性能优化设计提供参考。

混合梁斜拉桥微膨胀UHPC灌注钢混结合段的时变效应

为明确微膨胀超高性能混凝土(Ultra-High-Performance Concrete,UHPC)灌注材料的收缩徐变对混合梁斜拉桥钢混结合段长期性能的影响,以湖北武穴长江公路大桥为工程背景,开展材性试验与结构反应实测。基于一种全桥杆系+局部空间网格的多尺度有限元建模方法,对不同灌注材料收缩徐变下钢混结合段的时变效应进行分析研究。研究结果表明:实桥所采用的微膨胀UHPC在测试龄期内膨胀应变呈现出先增后减且始终保持膨胀的趋势,在约5 d龄期时达到最大膨胀应变292.6με,至1 080 d时为83.8με;徐变系数在前50 d龄期内增长较快,至1 080 d时为1.63。灌注材料的收缩可在结合段内部产生显著的次应力,表现为内填混凝土的拉应力和钢格室的压应力;徐变则会导致混凝土应力松弛而使一部分恒载压应力向钢结构转移。运营20 a后,钢混结合段内填普通混凝土存在较高的开裂风险。未作收缩控制的普通UHPC虽亦出现拉应力,但未超过其抗拉强度,抗裂安全系数仍可达到1.5以上。而微膨胀UHPC处于受压状态,不存在开裂问题。微膨胀UHPC的应用,既可改善内填混凝土的抗裂性能,又有助于常规钢混结合段的结构优化,大幅减少材料用量和结构自重。

桥梁拓宽中新旧桥梁连接方法和受力分析应用与研究

结合实际工程,研究了新旧桥梁之间的连接方法,研发了用于新旧桥梁连接的伸缩装置和沉降装置;采用有限元模型模拟新旧桥梁,分析了旧桥在拓宽后的内力变化,以及主梁位移变形的情况。结果表明:提出的新旧桥梁的连接方法在伸缩缝与沉降缝交点处可保持桥面平整,并有良好防水、防尘性能;老桥的主梁拓宽后在移动的车辆荷载作用下其内力较拓宽前减小很多,新桥的内力相应增加,说明新桥对旧桥的荷载起到了一部分的承担作用;新旧桥梁连接后,桥梁的整体性更好,受力更为均匀。

过活断层倒虹吸地面压力管结构型式比较研究

以往对过活断层倒虹吸地面压力管道研究,往往只单独研究钢衬钢筋混凝土管和明钢管两种结构型式,具体哪种管型更为合适尚无比较。采用有限元方法,通过建立地面钢衬钢筋混凝土管和明钢管两种管道有限元模型,对比分析了两种管道型式过活断层倒虹吸在断层蠕滑变形、黏滑变形以及地震作用下的位移和应力。研究结果表明:①钢衬钢筋混凝土管和明钢管管线中布置多个波纹管伸缩节后,均能较好适应断层蠕滑变形;②两种管道结构位于主断层范围的波纹管伸缩节在断层黏滑变形作用下变形均在100 mm以上,设计难度大;③地震作用下,在主断层范围内的钢衬钢筋混凝土管虽然位移大,但地震引起的应力较小,而明钢管在固定支座处的受力情况明显恶化;④综合多种工况的计算结果,钢衬钢筋混凝土管的受力情况比明钢管更优秀,但明钢管具备运行期检修复位的条件,两种管道方案各有优劣,应根据工程具体需求合理选择管道结构型式。

基于行车噪声的伸缩缝损伤识别缩比试验

伸缩缝出现损伤后行车产生的噪声会发生改变,为得到损伤伸缩缝行车噪声特征,本研究搭建了含无损和损伤类型为路面破损导致伸缩缝钢筋外露的GQF-C型伸缩缝的缩比路面装置,利用声音采集系统采集小车通过伸缩缝产生的噪声,分别在时域和频域中对采集噪声进行分析。研究结果表明,损伤伸缩缝噪声信号的频率成分主要集中在0~2000 Hz,伸缩缝出现损伤之后,时域波形、频率成分、能量和无量纲指标等均会发生明显的变化,因此跳车噪声可以用于伸缩缝的健康状态评估。

高温烟气管道膨胀节稳定失效分析与设计优化

针对某甲醇制烯烃(MTO)装置再生烟气管道波纹管膨胀节稳定失效的故障,分析了管道支座布置和操作工况变化对膨胀节稳定性的影响,结合管道热位移、盲板力的计算,证明了管道支座的选型及合理布置是保证膨胀节安全、有效服役的关键。提出了膨胀节的改造应用方案和治理措施,为类似工况膨胀节的应用和失效预防提供了经验。

高速铁路大跨度连续斜拉桥上梁端一体化装置性能研究

目前大跨度斜拉桥上铺设无缝线路,梁端处需设置梁端伸缩装置和钢轨伸缩调节器以降低钢轨产生较大的附加应力,但此结构无法协调较大的梁轨相对位移,应用范围有限。为此,提出了一种梁端一体化装置结构,能适用于较大的梁缝伸缩情况且伸缩阻力较小,经过现场应用效果良好。针对时速350 km下高速列车能够平稳通过大跨度斜拉桥无缝线路梁端的要求,建立了相关三维梁端车-线-桥耦合模型,确定了轮轨接触关系,验证该结构在大跨度斜拉桥下对于高速列车平稳运行的适用性。结果表明:温度和梁端转角作用下钢轨会产生一定变形,钢轨垂向变形大于横向变形,最大垂向位移达到15.71 mm。对比仅施加德国低干扰不平顺谱,叠加温度或梁端转角变形后行车过程中的梁端一体化装置动力响应增大,且对钢枕振动垂向加速度的影响较为明显,从38.92 m·s^(-2)上升至48.69 m·s^(-2),增加25.1%。相比之下,极限拉伸状态比极限压缩状态下行车过程中的梁端一体化装置结构响应大,钢枕垂向加速度从40.64 m·s^(-2)上升至62.39 m·s^(-2),增加53.5%,应在高温拉伸状态下对梁端一体化装置性能进行定期检测。梁端一体化装置在以上工况下的响应均满足标准规范要求,本研究可为其在列车高速运行通过大跨度斜拉桥梁端时的铺设提供参考。

寒区铁路隧道衬砌抗冻主要设计标准与施工技术探讨

受长期低温环境作用,寒区铁路隧道衬砌易出现开裂、剥落等病害,影响结构的安全耐久性。通过梳理分析寒区隧道衬砌抗冻设防相关建设标准现状及存在问题,从设计和施工方面提出需要研究完善的主要内容,并结合具体工程实例,进一步探讨抗冻设防段衬砌的配筋参数、伸缩缝设置等主要设计标准和保温层防水施工工艺,提出寒区隧道衬砌模段长度计算方法。结果表明:(1)抗冻设防段衬砌的纵筋宜采用“细而密”的配置方式,有利于提高结构的抗裂性能;(2)“零缝宽”伸缩缝在一定条件下能够消减寒区隧道温度应力作用;(3)“喷涂式”聚氨酯保温板防水处理施工工艺可有效提高保温性能;(4)隧址区的年平均气温应作为寒区隧道衬砌环境温差的重点考量因素,计算结果表明,当最冷月平均气温-3~-8℃,年均温12~8℃时,12 m的衬砌模段长度亦可满足季节性温差要求。

裸眼测试漏失层跨式封层工具及应用

为了提升裸眼分层测试求产、分层酸化、分层注/堵水等特殊作业的技术能力,需引入新工艺技术对裸眼井段进行跨式封隔。文章主要以涠洲某探井DST测试前裸眼封层作业为例,应用裸眼膨胀封隔器等工具进行分层隔离,满足了DST分层测试作业要求,扩展了裸眼井作业的技术手段,为今后类似裸眼失返漏失层跨式封隔提供了参考和借鉴。