Shaking table test and numerical simulation of an isolated cylindrical latticed shell under multiple-support excitations

In order to study the infl uence of the ground motion spatial eff ect on the seismic response of large span spatial structures with isolation bearings, a single-layer cylindrical latticed shell scale model with a similarity ratio of 1/10 was constructed. An earthquake simulation shaking table test on the response under multiple-support excitations was performed with the high-position seismic isolation method using high damping rubber (HDR) bearings. Small-amplitude sinusoidal waves and seismic wave records with various spectral characteristics were applied to the model. The dynamic characteristics of the model and the seismic isolation eff ect on it were analyzed at varying apparent wave velocities, namely infi nitely great, 1000 m/s, 500 m/s and 250 m/s. Besides, numerical simulations were carried out by Matlab software. According to the comparison results, the numerical results agreed well with the experimental data. Moreover, the results showed that the latticed shell roof exhibited a translational motion as a rigid body after the installation of the HDR bearings with a much lower natural frequency, higher damping ratio and only 1/2~1/8 of the acceleration response peak values. Meanwhile, the structural responses and the bearing deformations at the output end of the seismic waves were greatly increased under multiple-support excitations.

Dynamic behavior of single-layer latticed cylindrical shells subjected to seismic loading

The single-layer latticed cylindrical shell is one of the most widely adopted space-fl'amed structures.In this paper,free vibration properties and dynamic response to horizontal and vertical seismic waves of single-layer latticed cylindrical shells are analyzed by the finite element method using ANSYS software.In the numerical study,where hundreds of cases were analyzed,the parameters considered included rise-span ratio,length-span ratio,surface load and member section size.Moreover,to better define the actual behavior of single-layer latticed shells,the study is focused on the dynamic stress response to both axial forces and bending moments.Based on the numerical results,the effects of the parameters considered on the stresses are discussed and a modified seismic force coefficient method is suggested.In addition,some advice based on these research results is presented to help in the future design of such structures.

Optimization for Maximum Nonlinear Buckling Load and Topics on Imperfection of Latticed Shells

The present paper represents comparison of continuum shells and latticed shells with qualitative analysis. For shells, the mechanical characteristics in the two perpendicular directions are continuous and related to each other, and any change in thickness will result in change in stiffness in any direction. In latticed shells, members are discrete and stiffnesses in two mutually perpendicular directions are discontinuous and independent of each other. Therefore, sensitivity of geometrical imperfection for buckling of latticed shells should be different from that of continuum shells. The author proposes a shape optimization method for maximum buckling load of a latticed shell. A single layer latticed dome is taken as a numerical example, and the results show that the buckling load parameter for full area loading case increases 32.75% compared to that of its initial shape. Furthermore, the numerical example demonstrates that an optimum latticed shell with maximum buckling load, unlike an optimum continuum shell, may not be sensitive to its geometrical imperfection.

Seismic isolation analysis of FPS bearings in spatial lattice shell structures

A theoretical model of a friction pendulum system （FPS） is introduced to examine its application for the seismic isolation of spatial lattice shell structures. An equation of motion of the lattice shell with FPS bearings is developed. Then, seismic isolation studies are performed for both double-layer and single-layer lattice shell structures under different seismic input and design parameters of the FPS. The influence of frictional coefficients and radius of the FPS on seismic performance are discussed. Based on the study, some suggestions for seismic isolation design of lattice shells with FPS bearings are given and conclusions are made which could be helpful in the application of FPS.

Damage Assessment, Repair and Field Test of Steel Lattice Shell after Fire

A real case of a steel lattice shell suffering a fire was studied. Based on the theory of field modeling, fire dynamic simulator (FDS) was used to identify the temperature field. The damage mechanism of the structure was determined by FEM analysis. After damage assessment, the shell was repaired with the pipe-encasement method. Finally, field test was employed to check the capacity of the structure after repair. The numerical study results indicate that the damage assessment agrees well with field inspection, verifying the accuracy of fire numerical simulation and FEM analysis. The field test results prove that the pipe-encasement method is secure and reasonable, and the repaired shell is safe.

NONLINEAR DYNAMICAL BIFURCATION AND CHAOTIC MOTION OF SHALLOW CONICAL LATTICE SHELL

The nonlinear dynamical equations of axle symmetry are established by the method of quasi-shells for three-dimensional shallow conical single-layer lattice shells. The compatible equations are given in geometrical nonlinear range. A nonlinear differential equation containing the second and the third order nonlinear items is derived under the boundary conditions of fixed and clamped edges by the method of Galerkin. The problem of bifurcation is discussed by solving the Floquet exponent. In order to study chaotic motion, the equations of free oscillation of a kind of nonlinear dynamics system are solved. Then an exact solution to nonlinear free oscillation of the shallow conical single-layer lattice shell is found as well. The critical conditions of chaotic motion are obtained by solving Melnikov functions, some phase planes are drawn by using digital simulation proving the existence of chaotic motion.

Buckling Load Evaluation Method for Single Layer Cylindrical Lattice Shells

A rational design evaluation procedure is investigated for the elastic overall buckling load carrying capacity of single layer cylindrical lattice shell roof structures. The nature of the imperfection sensitivity of these structures is for the first time reviewed in this paper. This allows the development of the reduced stiffness buckling analytical concept for the lattice shells based upon the introduction of a simple lower bound estimation equation through the use of the so-called continuum shell analogy theory. The linear and nonlinear buckling loads found from conventional finite element analyses are compared with the present estimations. Finally, the elastic-plastic load carrying capacity estimation method through the use of the present elastic lower bound criteria is also proposed.

利用负刚度磁流变阻尼器的单层球面网壳三维隔震研究

网壳结构三维隔震是备受关注的研究热点之一。已有的研究聚焦于被动型三维隔震装置,其在竖向的性能参数无法实时调控。为解决这一问题,将负刚度磁流变阻尼器(magnetorheological negative stiffness dampers,MRNSDs)与预压弹簧装置(prepressed spring devices,PSDs)并联,形成一种可调节阻尼力的竖向隔震装置(MRDNSD-PSD)。面向延长受控结构竖向自振周期的目标,建立了MRNSD的控制策略及其实施方法,利用其模拟了该控制装置的滞回响应。以某周边支承单层球面网壳作为研究对象,将含有MRNSD-PSD的半主动三维隔震系统、两种不同的被动三维隔震系统分别用于提升该结构的抗震性能。通过数模模拟,对上述受控和无控结构进行了地震响应分析。数值结果表明,三种隔震系统均可有效降低结构地震响应,但半主动隔震系统较被动型隔震系统能够提供更优的竖向加速度和竖向位移控制效果。

Random fractal-based computational design of an ice-ray (IR) lattice shell structure

Chinese ice-ray (IR) lattices, known for their intricate and visually fascinating random patterns as decorative elements in traditional 18th-century Chinese window design, exhibit underlying stiffness as latticed window fences. Such unique patterns represent a new morphology within the family of stochastic lattices. However, the latent structural potential within the random patterns of ice-ray lattices remains largely unexplored, particularly in the context of lattice shell design. This study systematically studies the geometric qualities of ice-ray lattice patterns and develops an algorithm to model these patterns for ice-ray lattice shell design. Subsequently, it assesses the structural feasibility and effectiveness of these lattice shells in comparison to conventional gridshells. The practicality of constructing random lattice shells using digital fabrication tools is also explored. Employing fractal geometry as a foundational framework, this research not only offers insights into the potential of ice-ray lattices for innovative lattice shell design but also introduces a new structural morphology to the field, expanding the possibilities of incorporating stochastic patterns in lattice shell design. Ultimately, it opens up new opportunities for innovative lattice shell designs, emphasizing the potential of stochastic patterns in structural applications.

点阵夹芯圆柱壳自由振动分析的波有限元方法

针对点阵夹芯圆柱壳的自由振动分析发展了波有限元法.首先基于自由波的传播规律,建立了点阵夹芯圆柱壳胞元的二维波有限元控制方程,相比于全尺寸有限元模型,显著缩减了控制方程的自由度规模;其次,基于Neumann级数推导了约束动刚度矩阵求逆的显式表达式,不仅可以提高计算效率,而且使得固有频率从控制方程中分离出来,从而将点阵夹芯圆柱壳的固有频率求解转化为单个胞元自由度规模的二次特征值问题;最后,根据结构振动模态与自由波的关系,给出了圆柱壳轴向和周向的波传播参数的表达式,进而求得点阵夹芯圆柱壳的固有频率和模态.数值算例考虑了多种边界条件下的点阵夹芯圆柱壳自由振动问题,验证了该方法的正确性和高效性.

不同布索方案下预应力双层柱面网壳结构稳定性分析

在双层柱面网壳结构中引入预应力拉索,不仅能增大结构跨度,还能提高大跨度结构的安全性、稳定性。钢结构建筑的稳定性能是钢结构设计的关键因素。文中以大跨度双层柱面网壳结构为例,采用有限元法,选取四种对结构受力有利的布索形式,结合矢跨比、跨度、厚度等因素,对所选结构模型进行稳定性分析。

基于位移-速度输入法结构多点激励FPS支座隔震效果研究

受行波效应、相干效应、场地效应的影响,大跨度结构的多点激励地震反应分析非常复杂,且考虑多点激励下对大跨空间网格结构隔震性能的影响是结构工程抗震方向中有重大意义的研究课题。以单层圆柱面大跨度空间网架结构为研究对象,基于直接位移法,应用SAP2000有限元软件建立了多点激励动力反应时程分析模型,进行结构在地震动一致激励和多点激励作用下的动力反应分析计算。结果表明:水平地震动多点激励效应对大跨度空间结构的影响十分显著,需采取使用多点激励输入方式。不设置隔震支座时,多点激励下,支撑柱弯矩与剪力随波速的减小而明显增加,柱顶位移变小,中柱轴力略微上升。基础隔震时,各支撑柱柱顶内力与位移的分配较无隔震时存在差异。边柱的弯矩、剪力及轴力均小于中柱的相应值,但柱顶位移增加明显。柱弯矩减震效率保持在45%~75%,柱剪力减震效率保持在60%~85%;柱顶隔震时,能得到比基础隔震更高的隔震效率,且柱弯矩隔震效率高达90%左右,柱剪力隔震效率保持在85%~90%。柱顶位移显著减小,柱轴力比基础隔震时略有增加。

某单层椭圆抛物面网壳结构荷载试验

网壳结构杆件和节点几何尺寸的偏差以及曲面的偏离对网壳的内力、整体稳定性影响较大。而在既有网壳结构安全鉴定过程中发现质量偏差时,承载力计算应考虑这些偏差情况,但标准并未给出具体方法,文章以某单层椭圆抛物面网壳结构荷载试验为背景,通过荷载试验检验某单层椭圆抛物面网壳结构存在质量偏差的同时,增加额外吊挂荷载情况下结构的承载能力,并为提高结构承载力复核模型的准确性提供依据。

单层球面网壳设计研究

单层网壳结构的特点是结构的刚度和位移为非线性关系,非线性稳定分析事关结构工程安全。结合某单层球面网壳玻璃采光顶结构设计,重点介绍网壳结构几何非线性、材料非线性稳定分析、受力复杂的关键节点有限元分析、节点细部设计。分析表明,非线性稳定分析及关键节点有限元分析可确保工程设计安全可靠,所用方法可供同类工程设计参考。

扁锥面网壳非线性动力分岔与混沌运动

对曲面为正三角形网格的3向扁锥面单层网壳,用拟壳法建立了轴对称非线性动力学方程.在几何非线性范围内给出了协调方程.网壳在周边固定条件下,通过Galerkin作用得到一个含2次、3次的非线性微分方程,通过求Floquet指数讨论了分岔问题.为了研究混沌运动,对一类非线性动力系统的自由振动方程进行了求解,继之给出了单层扁锥面网壳非线性自由振动微分方程的准确解,通过求Melnikov函数,给出了发生混沌的临界条件,通过数值仿真也证实了混沌运动的存在.

单层柱面网壳弹塑性地震反应特征

本文对网壳结构的弹塑性抗震性能进行了探讨．根据结构弹塑性有限元理论，结合网壳结构受力特点，推导出网壳结构单元的弹塑性矩阵表达式。然后对单层柱面网壳结构的弹塑性地震反应进行了具体分析，给出了节点位移和杆件应力变化规律，并讨论了矢跨比变化对网壳弹塑性性能的影响、从而揭示出这类网壳的弹塑性地震反应特点。

钢网壳弹塑性地震反应分析

利用结构弹塑性地震反应理论，采用理想弹塑性模型，通过结构非线性分析程序，对双层柱面网壳进行了地震作用下的弹塑性分析．对杆件进入塑性后网壳的地震响应和抗震性能进行了较详细的研究，同时给出了对网壳工程设计有指导意义的结论．

隧道格栅拱架喷射混凝土支护力学特性

目前大部分山岭隧道均采用＂新奥法＂施工,在＂新奥法＂施工中＂格栅拱架＋喷射混凝土＂被作为初期支护结构越来越被工程界广泛采用,但其二者间相互作用的力学机理及其对支护效果的影响研究还不够充分。因此利用弹性薄壳理论建立了＂格栅拱架＋喷射混凝土＂的力学分析模型,结合工程实例得到了＂格栅拱架＋喷射混凝土＂初期支护的弹性解,分析了初期支护的力学特性。研究了喷层厚度及拱架间距对支护效果的影响,当格栅拱架间距在0.6~1.0 m调整时,格栅拱架间距对支护效果影响不是很明显,当喷射混凝土层达到设计强度后,围岩荷载主要由混凝土层承担。

单层扁锥面网壳非线性动力稳定性分析

用拟壳法建立了正三角形网格的三向扁锥面单层网壳的非线性动力学微分方程。在周边固定条件下,用分离变量函数法给出网壳的横向位移。由协调方程求出张力,通过Galerkin作用得到了一个含二次、三次的非线性微分方程,在不考虑外激励情况下,此系统有三个平衡点。通过求Floquet指数讨论了零平衡点邻域的稳定性问题。为了研究系统的混沌运动,在给定的初始条件下,对此动力系统的非线性自由振动方程进行了求解,首次得到了带平方和立方非线性系统的准确解,使得求Melnikov函数成为可能。用复变函数中的留数理论求出了Melnikov函数,得到了发生混沌的临界条件,通过数值仿真和Poincare映射也证实了混沌运动的存在。

新型六杆四面体柱面网壳的构形、静力和稳定性分析

提出一种新型的由投影平面为四边形的六杆四面体单元组成的柱面网壳(简称六杆四面体柱面网壳).这种网壳结构的构形的构造简单,节点和杆件数相对较少,网格抽空率高,具有单层和双层网壳的主要优点.对于上、下弦杆为梁元,腹杆为杆元,可称为上、下弦节点均为半刚接半铰接的六杆四面体柱面网壳,进行静力和线性与非线性稳定性分析.结果表明:其结构的整体刚度好,内力分布合理,线性特征值屈曲分析和考虑几何缺陷的双非线性稳定性分析都能获得较好的性能,结构的技术经济指标和用钢指标良好.柱面网壳可采用统一几何轴线尺寸的六杆四面体单元体集成,有利于标准化设计、工业化生产和装配化施工,符合绿色结构建筑推广应用的要求.