External blast flow field evolution and response mechanism of single-layer reticulated dome structure

Single-layer reticulated dome structure are commonly high-profile building in the public and can be attractive targets for terrorist bombings,so the public can benefit from enhanced safety with a stronger understanding of the behavior of single-layer reticulated dome structure under explosion.This paper investigates the fluid-structure interaction process and the dynamic response performance of the singlelayer reticulated dome under external blast load.Both experimental and numerical results shown that structural deformation is remarkably delayed compared with the velocity of blast wave,which advises the dynamic response of large-span reticulated dome structure has a negligible effect on the blast wave propagation under explosion.Four failure modes are identified by comparing the plastic development of each ring and the residual spatial geometric of the structure,i.e.,minor vibration,local depression,severe damage,and overall collapse.The plastic deformation energy and the displacement potential energy of the structure are the main consumers of the blast energy.In addition,the stress performance of the vertex member and the deep plastic ratio of the whole structure can serve as qualitative indicators to distinguish different failure modes.

Research on mode localization of reticulated shell structures

Reticulated shell structures （RSSs） are characterized as cyclically periodic structures. Mistuning of RSSs will induce structural mode localization. Mode localization has the following two features： some modal vectors of the structure change remarkably when the values of its physical parameters （mass or stiffness） have a slight change; and the vibration of some modes is mainly restricted in some local areas of the structure. In this paper, two quantitative assessment indexes are introduced that correspond to these two features. The first feature is studied through a numerical example of a RSS, and its induced causes are analyzed by using the perturbation theory. The analysis showed that internally, mode localization is closely related to structural frequencies and externally, slight changes of the physical parameters of the structure cause instability to the RSS. A scaled model experiment to examine mode localization was carried out on a Kiewit single-layer spherical RSS, and both features of mode localization are studied. Eight tests that measured the changes of the physical parameters were carried out in the experiment. Since many modes make their contribution in structural dynamic response, six strong vibration modes were tested at random in the experimental analysis. The change and localization of the six modes are analyzed for each test. The results show that slight changes to the physical parameters are likely to induce remarkable changes and localization of some modal vectors in the RSSs.

The Coupling Effect of Spatial Reticulated Shell Structure with Cables

The spatial reticulated shell structure with cables (RSC) is a kind of coupling working system, which consists of flexible cables, reticulated shell structure (RS) and tower columns. The dynamic analysis of RSC based on the coupling model was carried out. Three kinds of elements such as the spatial bar element, cable element and beam element were introduced to analyze the reticulated shell, cable and tower column respectively. Furthermore, such parameter influences as structural boundary conditions, grid configuration, the span-to-depth ratio and the arrangement of cable system upon structural dynamics were analyzed. The structural vibration modes can be divided into four groups based on some numerical examples. And the frequencies in the same group are very close while the frequencies in different groups are different from each other obviously. It is clear that the sequence of the appearance of the each mode group heavily depends on the comparative stiffness of the tower column system, RS and cables.

Wind-induced vibration of single-layer reticulated shell structures

Aiming at the dynamic response of reticulated shell structures under wind load,systematic parameter analyses on wind-induced responses of Kiewitt6-6 type single-layer spherical reticulated shell structures and three-way grid single-layer cylindrical reticulated shell structures were performed with the random simulation method in time domain,including geometric parameters,structural parameters and aerodynamic parameters.Moreover,a wind-induced vibration coefficient was obtained,which can be a reference to the wind-resistance design of reticulated shell structures.The results indicate that the geometric parameters are the most important factor influencing wind-induced responses of the reticulated shell structures;the wind-induced vibration coeffi-cient is 3.0-3.2 for the spherical reticulated shell structures and that is 2.8-3.0 for the cylindrical reticula-ted shell structures,which shows that the wind-induced vibration coefficients of these two kinds of space frames are well-proportioned.

Internal Force Distribution in Steel-Concrete Composite Structure for Pylon of Cable-Stayed Bridge

Adopting a steel-anchor beam and steel corbel composite structure in the anchor zone on pylon is one of the key techniques for the design of Jintang bridge, a cable-stayed bridge in Zhoushan, China. In order to ensure the safety of the steel-concrete composite structure, a stud connector model for the joint section was put forward. Experiments were conducted to obtain the relation between load and slip of specimen, the failure pattern of stud connector, the yield bearing capacity and ultimate bearing capacity of a single stud, etc. The whole process of the structural behavior of the specimen was comprehensively analyzed. The features of the internal force distribution in the steel-concrete composite structure and the strain distribution of stud connector under different loads were emphatically studied. The test results show that the stud connector is applicable for the steel-concrete composite structure for pylon of Jintang bridge. The stud has a good ductility performance and a obvious yield process before its destruction. The stud connector basically works in a state of elasticity under a load less than the yield load.

Development of Optimal Structural System for Hybrid Cable-Stayed Bridges Using Ultra High Performance Concrete

This study developed an optimal structural system for the hybrid cable-stayed bridge expected to have a durable lifetime of 200 years and of which major structural members are made of ultra high performance concrete (UHPC) with 200 MPa-class compressive strength. This innovative cable-stayed bridge system makes it possible to reduce each of the construction and maintenance costs by 20% compared to the conventional concrete cable-stayed bridge by improving significantly the weight and durability of the bridge. Therefore, detail design is carried out considering a real 800 m cable-stayed bridge and the optimal structure of the hybrid cable-stayed bridge is proposed and verified.

斜入射地震波下单层球面网壳土-结构相互作用及其地震响应分析

为分析斜入射地震波下单层球面网壳土-结构相互作用及其地震响应,采用等效节点力实现地震波输入,通过黏弹性人工边界处理无穷远辐射条件,分析了地震波类型、土体参数、入射角度等因素对单层球面网壳结构的土-结构相互作用及其地震响应影响。结果表明:单层球面网壳结构在地震波入射一侧出现翘起,网壳总体沿入射方向发生旋转,当P波斜入射时支座位移差最大达0.514 m,为网壳跨度的1/250。当P波斜入射时,软弱土情况下网壳顶点位移比中硬土和中软土大,顶点位移随入射角增大呈现先增大后减小的趋势;当SV波入射时,中软土情况下网壳顶点位移比中硬土和软弱土大,顶点位移随入射角增大而增大。斜入射地震波下,考虑土-结构相互作用后网壳顶点位移增幅最大达5.5倍,网壳外圈位移增幅大于网壳跨中增幅。

异形单层网壳结构的整体稳定性研究及关键节点分析

单层网壳结构属于缺陷敏感结构,整体稳定问题是结构设计的关键.单层网壳结构可以采用空间相贯节点,有必要对节点进行三维实体有限元分析,在此基础上研究节点的力学性能.本文总结了单层网壳结构整体稳定分析的方法,归纳了空间相贯节点三维实体有限元分析方法;针对异形单层网壳结构,研究了结构的静力性能、结构网格与建筑形状对结构承载能力的影响,确定了结构的弹性稳定承载力和弹塑性稳定承载力;对空间相贯节点进行了有限元分析,得到节点处应力的分布情况,并研究了节点隐蔽部位有无焊缝对节点力学性能的影响.结果表明:异形单层网壳的曲率变化和结构网格对关键部位处杆件受力影响较大;稳定承载力对单层网壳结构起控制作用,对此异形单层网壳进行弹塑性稳定分析,结构安全系数达到24;隐蔽部位焊缝对节点承载力的影响较大,设置隐蔽部位焊缝后,节点处各杆件的最大应力可减小20%以上.

基于杆系离散元理论考虑构件断裂的单层网壳结构倒塌破坏模拟研究

塑性铰模型计算效率高,可快速获得结构宏观破坏模式,韧性断裂损伤模型从微观机制揭示钢材的断裂机理,可较准确预测钢材的断裂行为。为此,该文基于杆系离散元理论,将两者联合建立构件断裂模拟算法,既具有计算效率高的优势又保证构件断裂模拟的精度。首先介绍杆系离散元法的基本理论,以及宏观塑性铰模型和微观韧性断裂损伤模型具体计算流程;然后给出将两者联合分析的具体实施策略,即以接触截面边缘最不利点处的应力作为整个截面的应力状态,进而调用韧性断裂损伤模型。最后采用Fortran语言编制相应的分析程序,并通过悬臂梁断裂算例和单层网壳振动台倒塌试验,验证该算法对模拟杆件断裂行为的可行性和有效性。杆系离散元法模拟构件断裂时,截面发生开裂,颗粒间发生脱离是一个自然的过程,无需其他任何修正即可实现结构由连续体状态向断裂后非连续体状态过渡,与有限元方法相比,不存在网格畸变重划分、迭代不收敛的问题,更具计算优势,为大跨空间网壳结构倒塌破坏分析提供新的计算手段。

海上旅游平台大跨度网壳结构强度分析

海上旅游平台大跨度网壳结构作为新型结构,目前还没有成熟的设计和强度分析方法。本文以网壳结构立柱间的相对位移为波浪载荷控制参数,基于设计波法和三维水弹性理论计算波浪载荷;以百年一遇的风速作为风载工况,采用k-ε湍流模型模拟风场计算风载荷,利用面元积分法计算网壳结构等效节点载荷,建立大跨度网壳结构外载荷计算方法。在此基础上,以“海洋之心”旅游平台为算例,开展了网壳结构响应分析,获得了风载荷、波浪载荷及风浪联合作用下的网壳结构响应,对比分析了风载荷和波浪载荷对网壳结构响应的影响。

K6型单层球面网壳整体交互耦合屈曲行为

采用有限元数值模拟,基于K6型单层球面网壳的屈曲与后屈曲性态,提出整体屈曲的判别准则,并首次从变形特征角度分析两种整体屈曲模态交互耦合的发生机理及对屈曲承载力的削弱效应。研究结果表明,K6型单层球面网壳的稳定性易受整体交互耦合屈曲影响,且可导致屈曲极限承载力的显著削弱及不稳定后屈曲;其变形模式从屈曲阶段的最低阶整体屈曲模态主导,演化为初始后屈曲阶段的整体交互耦合屈曲模态主导,及最终的次低阶整体屈曲模态主导,是交互耦合屈曲产生的原因;缺陷幅值也会影响整体交互耦合屈曲对K6型单层球面网壳屈曲极限性能的主导作用。

大跨度钢网壳快速整体提升方法研究及防连续倒塌分析

以某钢网壳整体提升项目为研究对象,提出一种整体提升施工方法,对大跨度钢网壳结构的同步提升、变形控制和提升安全性进行研究。在Midas Gen中建立有限元模型,基于备用荷载路径法分析提升支架的防连续倒塌性能,对施工全过程进行模拟分析,结合实际施工监测数据验证该方法的合理性。研究结果表明:基于监测数据反馈+计算机算法控制集群电动葫芦,可实现连续、同步提升。在网壳结构下部施加预应力可有效控制结构成型后的矢高偏差,理论计算值与实际测量值相对误差在4.5%以内,在整个施工过程中的壳体顶部的竖向位移满足设计要求。提升支架失稳会引起各吊点内力重分布,为避免意外失稳引起连续倒塌的风险,提出了考虑施工经济性和安全性的提升支架防连续倒塌设计。钢网壳结构成形后与设计状态基本一致,验证了整体提升方法的有效性,可为大跨度钢网壳整体提升工程的应用提供参考。

瓯海奥体中心体育馆100m跨无环索弦支网壳结构设计

瓯海奥体中心由体育场、体育馆、游泳馆及体育配套用房组成,其中体育馆主体结构采用钢筋混凝土框架结构,屋盖采用了无环索弦支网壳结构体系,为国内外首例该结构体系工程。设计中针对屋盖结构进行了屈曲分析及抗连续倒塌分析,结果表明结构的整体稳定性较好、抗连续倒塌能力强,进一步证明了结构体系选择的合理性。对拉索索力进行了专项分析,保证在各工况组合下拉索均不破断及退出受拉状态,且刚度退化后仍满足设计要求。

某混凝土联方网壳结构抗连续倒塌设计

进站的高速铁路列车如果发生脱轨事故,可撞击雨棚柱并导致雨棚结构连续倒塌。考虑该风险,进行郑州南站混凝土联方网壳雨棚结构抗连续倒塌设计。建立结构多尺度有限元模型,采用拆除构件法分析拆除柱后剩余结构动力行为。结果表明,原结构拆除边柱、次边柱和中柱三种工况下,结构发生局部破坏,破坏面积分别为775、2074、547m^(2);但破坏没有蔓延,结构没有发生连续倒塌。为提高结构抗倒塌性能,针对拆除柱后剩余结构受力特点,修改原结构设计,修改后拆除边柱、次边柱和中柱工况下,结构的破坏面积分别是775、0、0m^(2),即拆除次边柱和中柱工况下雨棚结构没有发生局部破坏。

浙江佛学院二期弥勒圣坛项目钢结构施工技术

浙江佛学院二期弥勒圣坛项目钢结构工程主要由龙华法堂、须弥山和兜率天宫组成。系统介绍钢结构施工重难点和解决措施,阐述各单体结构施工方案,重点分析龙华法堂网壳结构提升关键技术和在场地制约情况下的安装技术要点。实践表明,采用整体提升方案可节约成本,保证质量及安装风险均在可控范围内。

利用最小二乘法的网壳结构点云节点中心坐标提取

为解决网壳结构节点坐标测量困难、处理效率低等问题,本文提出基于网壳结构扫描点云的节点中心坐标提取方法:应用三维激光扫描技术采集网壳结构点云数据并预处理;然后基于设计模型,对初始点云模型进行网壳节点局部点云分割和节点多平面拟合,判定拟合平面的属性特征并修正侧面的法向量方向;最后利用空间约束关系及最小二乘算法求取网壳结构节点的精确中心坐标。以三亚国际免税城项目为例开展应用,结果表明所提方法求取的网壳结构节点中心坐标与全站仪实测结果偏差均值为2.89 mm,效率相比传统方法提高近4倍,较大提升了网壳结构节点中心坐标的提取精度和效率,为后续网壳结构施工偏差复核、幕墙板材的深化设计与加工等工程化应用提供了准确的数据支撑。

基于Rhino+Grasshopper对空间网壳结构参数化建模研究

随着数字化在土木行业的快速发展,参数化设计方法在土木行业也备受欢迎,尤其是对异形曲面结构,参数化建模不仅比传统方法更加精准,而且更加高效。通过Rhino+Grasshopper软件对某工人文化宫的单层空间网格结构进行了参数化建模,给出了空间网壳结构的参数化建模方法,并根据实际需要对建成后的网格结构进行了翘曲度分析及优化。

PVC卷材满粘屋面系统在榆林职业技术学院体育馆项目中的应用

榆林职业技术学院体育馆项目的主体结构为椭圆形单层双曲面网壳结构和长方形双曲面管桁架结构,屋面坡度大,外形独特复杂,其防水系统的设计、选材与施工尤为关键,本文详细描述了西卡满粘屋面系统的特点以及在该项目上的应用,为大跨度大坡度空间双曲面斜交网壳结构的异型屋面工程设计与施工提供参考。

DAMAGE DETECTION STRATEGY FOR RETICULATED STRUCTURES BASED ON INCOMPLETE STRAIN MODE

Damage detection based on strain responses of vibration is highly attractive for monitoring long-span reticulated structures.However,there are a lot of structure members in reticulated structures and it is impossible to install strain sensors in each member.Therefore,how to locate and quantify damages with the incomplete mode shapes obtained from few strain sensors is a challenge topic.A new strategy,named incomplete strain mode damage detection（ISMDD） strategy,is proposed in this paper.In the strategy,the distribution of the strain sensors in the reticulated structures can be optimized through sensitive analysis on strain mode perturbation matrix,which can be obtained by perturbation theory.Mode assurance criterion（MAC） value is applied in damage location,and the members with relative large MAC values are defined as damage members.In addition,damage index obtained by solving the perturbation equation is used for damage quantification.Numerical analysis on a long-span reticulated structure,including damage location and quantification for single-and multi-member damages,detection for different damage quantity,the effect analysis of sensor quantity,are performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed ISMDD strategy.It can be shown from the analysis that the ISMDD strategy is effective in damage location and quantification for both single-and multi-member damages.And the quantity of strain sensors has effect on damage location,but has no obvious influence on damage quantification.Additionally,the anti-noise pollution ability analysis of the ISMDD strategy is carried out,which shows that the ISMDD strategy has excellent anti-noise pollution ability for both single-and multi-damaged members.

Modeling of cable vibration effects of cable-stayed bridges

The analysis of dynamic responses of cable-stayed bridges subjected to wind and earthquake loads generally considers only the motions of the bridge deck and pylons.The influence of the stay cable vibration on the responses of the bridge is either ignored or considered by approximate procedures.The transverse vibration of the stay cables,which can be significant in some cases,are usually neglected in previous research.In the present study,a new three-node cable element has been developed to model the transverse motions of the cables.The interactions between the cable behavior and the other parts of the bridge superstructure are considered by the concept of dynamic stiffness.The nonlinear effect of the cable caused by its self-weight is included in the formulation.Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed model. The impact of cable vibration behavior on the dynamic characteristics of cable-stayed bridges is discussed.