Defect Inspection Technology for Steel Truss Suspension Bridges

Steel truss suspension bridges are prone to developing defects after prolonged use.These defects may include corrosion of the main cable or the steel truss.To ensure the normal and safe functioning of the suspension bridge,it is necessary to inspect for defects promptly,understand the cause of the defect,and locate it through the use of inspection technology.By promptly addressing defects,the suspension bridge’s safety can be ensured.The author has analyzed the common defects and causes of steel truss suspension bridges and proposed specific inspection technologies.This research is intended to aid in the timely discovery of steel truss suspension bridge defects.

Process Monitoring and Terminal Verification of Cable-Stayed Bridges with Corrugated Steel Webs under Contruction

In this paper,the construction process of a cable-stayed bridge with corrugated steel webs was monitored.Moreover,the end performance of the bridge was verified by load test.Owing to the consideration of the bridge structure safety,it is necessary to monitor the main girder deflection,stress,construction error and safety state during construction.Furthermore,to verify whether the bridge can meet the design requirements,the static and dynamic load tests are carried out after the completion of the bridge.The results of construction monitoring show that the stress state of the structure during construction is basically consistent with the theoretical calculation and design requirements,and both meet the design and specification requirements.The final measured stress state of the structure is within the allowable range of the cable-stayed bridge,and the stress state of the structure is normal and meets the specification requirements.The results of load tests show that the measured deflection values of the mid-span section of the main girder are less than the theoretical calculation values.The maximum deflection of the girder is−20.90 mm,which is less than−22.00 mm of the theoretical value,indicating that the girder has sufficient structural stiffness.The maximum impact coefficient under dynamic load test is 1.08,which is greater than 1.05 of theoretical value,indicating that the impact effect of heavy-duty truck on this type of bridge is larger.This study can provide important reference value for construction and maintenance of similar corrugated steel web cable-stayed bridges.

Mechanic Analysis of the Key Node in Steel Truss Bridge

Steel truss bridges are frequently used in bridge engineering because of their good ability of spanning capacity, construction and light self-weight. Main trusses are the critical component of steel truss bridge and the main truss are made of truss members linked by integral joints. This paper presents the mechanic performance of key joints, and the codified design of joints in steel truss girders according to the latest European norms. The results showed that the fatigue resistance of welded joints evaluation is necessary to predict, detect, and repair the crack in time for the safety service life of the bridge. The stresses of integral joint are greater than that of truss members;the stresses in the center area of the integral joint are greater than the stress at the edge.

Research on seismic performance of shear walls with concrete filled steel tube columns and concealed steel trusses

In order to further improve the seismic performance of RC shear walls, a new composite shear wall with concrete filled steel tube （CFT） columns and concealed steel trusses is proposed. This new shear wall is a double composite shear wall; the first composite being the use of three different force systems, CFT, steel truss and shear wall, and the second the use of two different materials, steel and concrete. Three 1/5 scaled experimental specimens： a traditional RC shear wall, a shear wall with CFT columns, and a shear wall with CFT columns and concealed steel trusses, were tested under cyclic loading and the seismic performance indices of the shear walls were comparatively analyzed. Based on the data from these experiments, a thorough elastic-plastic finite element analysis and parametric analysis of the new shear walls were carried out using ABAQUS software. The finite element results of deformation, stress distribution, and the evolution of cracks in each phase were compared with the experimental results and showed good agreement. A mechanical model was also established for calculating the load-carrying capacity of the new composite shear walls. The results show that this new type of shear wall has improved seismic performance over the other two types of shear wails tested.

Analysis on Deflection Characteristics of Steel Cable-Stayed Bridge

Various kinds of deflection characteristics on the steel cable-stayed bridge(Nanjing No.3 Yangtze River Bridge)are investigated by different mathematical statistical methods.Firstly,via Pearson correlation coefficient calculation,it shows good consistency between the adjacent measuring point of side span or middle span.Secondly,taking mid-span deflection as an example,the correlation analysis of deflection and temperature is conducted.They are synchronous via cross correlation coefficient calculation but not completely linear and a"hysteresis loop"phenomenon of three stages is formed.The fitting result on the monitoring data at day time is consistent with the numerical value through the application of unit temperature difference between the cable and girder and the positive temperature gradient of girder in the finite element model.And the temperature effect is considerable.Vehicle loads effect is obtained from wavelet analysis.The extracted curve can indirectly reflect the change of traffic loads.Finally,the structural damage is analyzed through the trend fusion on the deflection,cable force and visual inspection from 2006 to 2015.Relevant conclusions can provide a basis for management departments to carry out special detection.

Bending behaviour of lightweight aggregate concrete-filled steel tube spatial truss beam

A lightweight aggregate concrete-filled steel tube(LACFST) spatial truss beam was tested under bending load. The performance was studied by the analysis of the beam deflection and strains in its chords and webs. According to the test results, several assumptions were made to deduce the bearing capacity calculation method based on the force balance of the whole section. An optimal dimension relationship for the truss beam chords was proposed and verified by finite element analysis. Results show that the LACFST spatial truss beam failed after excessive deflection. The strain distribution agreed with Bernoulli-Euler theoretical prediction. The truss beam flexural bearing capacity calculation results matched test evidence with only a 3% difference between the two. Finite element analyses with different chord dimensions show that the ultimate bearing capacity increases as the chord dimensions increase when the chords have a diameter smaller than optimal one; otherwise, it remains almost unchanged as the chord dimensions increase.

Structural behaviors of steel roof truss exposed to pool fire

Experimental research was conducted to study the structural behaviors of a steel roof truss model without fire-proof coating under pool fire conditions.The data of temperature distribution and displacements of typical members were obtained.It is found that the temperature distribution of environment inside the structure,which is found to be in accordance with the multi-zone model with height,has a decisive effect on the temperature evolution of steel members.Besides,it can also be observed that due to the restriction and coordination among the truss members in the localized fire,the maximum relative deflection,which occurs at the mid-span of the top chord,is relatively slight and has not exceeded 1 mm under experimental conditions.On the other hand,the column experiences a notable thermal expansion during the test.Then,a finite element model is presented and validated by the test results.

Experimental research on mechanical properties of prestressed truss concrete composite beam encased with circular steel tube

Tests of 4 simply supported unbonded prestressed truss concrete composite beams encased with circular steel tube were carried out. It is found that the ratio of the stress increment of the unbonded tendon to that of the tensile steel tube is 0.252 during the using stage,and the average crack space of beams depends on the ratio of the sum of the bottom chord steel tube's outside diameter and the secondary bottom chord steel tube's section area to the effective tensile concrete area. The coefficient of uneven crack distribution is 1.68 and the formula for the calculation of crack width is established. Test results indicate that the ultimate stress increment of unbonded tendon in the beams decreases in linearity with the increase of the composite reinforcement index β0. The pure bending region of beams accords with the plane section assumption from loading to failure. The calculation formula of ultimate stress increment of the unbonded tendon and the method to calculate the bearing capacity of normal section of beams have been presented. Besides,the method to calculate the stiffness of this sort of beams is brought forward as well.

Health Monitoring-Based Assessment of Reinforcement with Prestressed Steel Strand for Cable-Stayed Bridge

This paper presents the method of reinforcing main girder of reinforced concrete cable-stayed bridge with prestressed steel strands.To verify the effectiveness of external prestressed strand reinforcement method.Static load tests and health monitoring-based assessment were carried out before and after reinforcement.Field load test shows that the deflection and stress values of the main girder are reduced by 10%~20%after reinforcement,and the flexural strength and stiffness of the strengthened beam are improved.The deflection and strain data of health monitoring of the specified section are collected.The deflection of the second span is 4 mm~10 mm,the strain range of the upper edge of the second span is-10με~-40με,and the strain range of the lower edge is 30με~75με.These values show the deflection and strain values fluctuate within a prescribed range,verifying the safety of the bridge.The reinforcement method of prestressed steel strand is feasible and effective.It can provide reference basis for the application of external prestressed strand reinforcement technology in similar projects.

Experimental Study on Seismic Performance of Tall Building with Steel Transfer Trusses Located at a Higher Level

Based on a shaking table experiment of 1 :25 scale frame-shearwall structure model with steel transfer trusses,the dynamic characteristics,seismic responses in elastic and elastic-plastic phases with de- structive forms of the structure were studied.It was observed that cracks were developed with earthquake wave acceleration increasing,but no severe crack was developed in the structure during the experiment.In the seismic responses caused by artificial wave,site wave and E1 Centro wave,that caused by the artificial wave is the most intense one.Displacement angle between steel transfer trusses is large,which means the transfer stories might be weak.However,the seismic performance of the steel transfer trusses is good and the overall structure can satisfy seismic fortification requirements in the region of intensity 6.

Analysis on the Structural Type of Large-span Steel Truss Bridge Spe­cially Designed for Cables

When the installation of cables and pipelines needs to go across rivers,bridges are usually adopted to support the cables and pipelines for crossing the rivers.The measure can make full use of the space resources and have no effect on the flow pattern of rivers.For this reason,analysis on the structural-type design of a large-span steel truss bridge specially used for cables has been performed.The numerical results indicate that the stayed-cable bridge with steel truss beam and concrete main tower has better performance and improved structural type caparisoned with that of the beam and arch bridges,and the construction of the major beam can be without the temporary support.

Seismic response of the long-span steel truss arch bridge with the thrust under multidimensional excitation

Purpose–Under different ground motion excitation modes,the spatial coupling effect of seismic response for the arch bridge with thrust,seismic weak parts and the internal force components of the control section of main arch ribs are analyzed.Design/methodology/approach–Taking a 490 m deck type railway steel truss arch bridge as the background,the dynamic calculation model of the whole bridge was established by SAP2000 software.The seismic response analyses under one-,two-and three-dimension(1D,2D and 3D)uniform ground motion excitations were carried out.Findings–For the steel truss arch bridge composed of multiple arch ribs,any single direction ground motion excitation will cause large axial force in the chord of arch rib.The axial force caused by transverse and vertical ground motion excitation in the chord of arch crown area is 1.4–3.6 times of the corresponding axial force under longitudinal seismic excitation.The in-plane bending moment caused by the lower chord at the vault is 4.2–5.5 times of the corresponding bending moment under the longitudinal seismic excitation.For the bottom chord of arch rib,the arch foot is the weak part of earthquake resistance,but for the upper chord of arch rib,the arch foot,arch crown and the intersection of column and upper chord can all be the potential earthquake-resistant weak parts.The normal stress of the bottom chord of the arch rib under multidimensional excitation is mainly caused by the axial force,but the normal stress of the upper chord of the arch rib is caused by the axial force,in-plane and out of plane bending moment.Originality/value–The research provides specific suggestions for ground motion excitation mode and also provides reference information for the earthquake-resistant weak part and seismic design of long-span deck type railway steel truss arch bridges.

天津空客A330宽体机厂房焊接加固过程结构性能监测与分析

大跨度钢桁架加固方法多采用焊接加固增大截面法.针对大跨度钢桁架屋盖整体结构的负载焊接加固,以天津空客A321(A330宽体机厂房)屋盖为例,采用4片角钢,分肢与原H型钢的翼缘、腹板分别焊接的加固方式,设计了合理的焊接加固方案与监测方案,对结构关键构件在焊接加固过程中的应力、应变进行监测.以监测数据为依据,研究分析焊接加固过程中型钢与加固角钢的应力响应规律,验证钢桁架梁采用角钢焊接加固的传力有效性,判断焊接热输入的影响范围.结果表明:在负载焊接加固的过程中,局部高温热影响区引起应力重分布,加固角钢的存在对原有型钢构件起到了相应的承担作用,焊接加固过程中结构的安全性可以得到保证.此外,焊接加固时,通过监测相邻杆件的应力和应变,分析表明焊接热影响的范围在两个节间范围内,且带来的应力响应较小.

大跨度钢桁架结构卸载模拟及监测技术研究

以江苏省盐城黄淮湿地博物馆钢桁架结构卸载施工为背景,旨在通过有限元技术及基于多传感器融合的现场监测技术研究大跨度桁架结构卸载施工关键技术。研究结果表明:有限元计算结果能够获取卸载施工过程中的关键要素,为后续监测方案的设计提供参考。后续的监测结果表明,有限元方法对位移的计算结果可靠性要高于应力,与实际情况更加接近;基于多传感器融合的监测方法能够提高监测结果的准确性和远程监控效果,为桁架结构的安全性和可靠性提供了有力支撑。研究结果可为大跨度钢结构建筑的施工提供参考。

大跨度钢桁梁桥智能建造技术应用的可行性研究

大跨度钢桁梁桥的构件制造及拼装复杂,采用场内预制组装仍需消耗大量的人力、财力及工期。因此,本文采用BIM桥梁建模、三维激光扫描和虚拟预拼装技术,进行了基于BIM技术的施工方案模拟的可行性研究和基于BIM技术与三维激光扫描方法结合的构件加工质量检测研究,并在此基础上进行了基于BIM技术与三维激光扫描方法结合的虚拟拼装技术研究,探索了大跨度钢桁梁桥智能建造技术应用于指导工程实施的可行性。

阿里巴巴上海总部类巨型框架超限结构设计

阿里巴巴上海总部大厦采用了类巨型框架结构体系,主要结构构件均采用了钢结构。系统介绍了塔楼超限结构设计的概况,并针对本项目类巨型框架的结构特点和难点进行了阐述。针对塔楼整体结构的不规则性,提出了结构设计的抗震性能目标和抗震加强措施。结构的整体分析结果表明,结构整体指标和抗震性能均能满足既定的设计要求。对特殊及关键的结构部位进行了计算和分析,确保了构件和节点的可靠性及其在整体结构中关键作用。

钢桁梁断面形式对公铁两用桥上列车气动特性影响

钢桁梁断面形式的不同可能会改变桥上列车的气动力,进而影响桥上列车运行安全性和舒适性。为此,以某千米级公铁两用悬索桥为工程为背景,通过风洞试验对三种常用钢桁梁断面形式的桥上列车进行测力、测压试验。研究结果表明,当单列车位于三种钢桁梁断面形式上的上游时,列车的阻力、升力系数无明显差异,而单列车位于下游时,列车的阻力、升力系数有较大的区别;在双车状态下,由于迎风侧列车的遮挡作用,改变了不同钢桁梁断面形式下列车的流场,使得钢桁梁断面形式对背风侧列车影响较小。无论列车位于上游、下游,其三种钢桁梁断面形式下列车的阻力系数、升力系数随风攻角的变化趋势一致。当列车位于上游时,其三种钢桁梁断面形式上列车顶部和底部圆弧过渡段都出现不同程度的流动分离,使得其列车平均风压系数不同;当列车位于下游时,三种钢桁梁断面形式上列车平均风压系数变化趋势一致,说明钢桁梁断面形式对下游列车的平均风压影响较小。列车位于上、下游时,其脉动风压系数会有显著的差异,其脉动风压系数的大小受腹杆布置形式的影响要比梁高的不同更为显著。本文研究结果可为大跨钢桁梁桥的断面形式选取提供参考和依据。

大跨度钢桁架隔震结构隔震性能及影响规律分析

由于大跨空间结构竖向振动问题突出,水平隔震支座难以有效控制结构的竖向地震响应。将摩擦摆水平隔震支座和空气弹簧-摩擦摆三维隔震支座应用于大跨度钢桁架中,分析钢桁架水平隔震结构和三维隔震结构的隔震控制效果。结果表明,水平隔震和三维隔震均延长了结构自振周期,隔震后一阶振型为上部桁架结构沿水平方向的整体平动。时程分析显示,在普通地震动、近断层脉冲型地震动和远场长周期地震动作用下,水平隔震支座对桁架水平和竖向节点峰值加速度的平均隔震率分别为43.4%和9.2%,三维隔震支座对桁架水平和竖向节点峰值加速度的平均隔震率分别为43.8%和24.4%,水平隔震支座和三维隔震支座对桁架峰值等效应力的平均隔震率分别为4.2%和17.7%。水平隔震支座和三维隔震支座对桁架水平地震响应控制效果基本相同,三维隔震支座对结构的竖向地震响应控制效果更好。

基于声发射信号时频图深度学习的桥梁钢桁架焊接节点损伤程度识别

针对桥梁钢桁架疲劳损伤识别难度大、精度低的现状,提出基于声发射信号时频分析与深度学习的钢桁架焊接节点损伤程度识别方法。对桁架节点在桥梁运营状态下产生的声发射信号进行小波变换,表征不同损伤程度信号的时频能量分布模式,然后建立卷积神经网络(convolutional neural network,CNN)模型对时频图进行损伤特征提取,并通过迁移学习思想提升模型的训练效率和学习能力,从而实现桁架焊接节点严重损伤、轻微损伤和噪声工况的准确识别。进一步对模型各卷积层激活区域进行可视化分析,解剖模型的损伤特征学习过程及分类逻辑。某悬索桥中央纵向腹板钢桁架焊接节点现场试验结果表明:相较于利用时域波形进行特征学习的一维卷积神经网络模型,时频图包含了更丰富的损伤信息,所建立的二维卷积神经网络模型对钢桁架焊接节点三种损伤程度的识别准确率超过94%,具有更强鲁棒性和实际应用价值。

大跨径刚性悬链桁架桥不带加劲弦顶推施工技术

针对悬链形上加劲连续钢桁梁桥建造,提出不带加劲弦多点同步顶推施工技术,在边跨设置拼装平台,在中跨设置临时墩,分段拼装,顶推钢桁梁,最后吊装合龙加劲弦。在施工中,设置大临结构,以减小钢桁梁的悬臂长度,适应了钢桁梁拼装及顶推装置布置的要求;采用同步控制系统与纠偏装置,解决了多点同步顶推与钢桁梁线性控制的难题;通过有限元仿真分析,验证了顶推过程的可行性;采用落梁法,解决了钢桁主梁合龙及加劲弦合龙的难题。