IP分片重组Cache实现的测试与分析

IP碎片攻击是网络攻击的主要方式之一,攻击者利用系统对IP数据包分片重组实现上的漏洞,构造大量特殊的分片发送给目的主机,导致目的主机由于重组错误而造成拒绝服务、系统崩溃等。IP分片重组Cache的实现包括IP分片的重组算法、超时处理、替换策略等。文章从分析Linux操作系统IP分片重组Cache实现的策略入手,提出了一种测试IP分片重组Cache实现的方法,并在此基础上推测出Windows系统实现IP分片重组Cache的方法。

循环Cache命中率分析方法的研究与实现

循环Cache命中率的分析是编译优化中的关键技术之一。CME(CacheMissEquation)作为描述一个精确描述程序循环中数组引用的Cache冲突情况的数学模型及其相关的理论为较精确地分析循环的Cache命中率奠定了理论基础。该文以CME理论为基础,从数理统计的角度对CME抽样分析作了理论上的说明,采用序贯抽样方法来进行CME的抽样分析,并对抽样检验过程中判断线性约束条件下丢番图方程是否存在整数解这一NP问题,结合一些整数计算的理论,给出了格测试的快速算法。

一种带偏置的基于相关性分析的Cache一致性协议验证方法

Cache一致性协议作为CC-NUMA系统的硬件基础,在CC-NUMA系统的设计过程中占有举足轻重的地位。对于复杂的CC-NUMA系统,由于其Cache一致性协议十分复杂,通常难以进行形式化验证,而常规的伪随机模拟又存在验证效率低下的问题。本文提出了一种对复杂CC-NUMA系统中Cache一致性协议进行模拟验证的方法。该方法通过对验证覆盖目标进行相关性分析,使用偏置技术对传统伪随机模拟验证方法进行了改进。实际验证结果表明,改进后的方法使得模拟验证覆盖率的增长速率有了明显提高。

一种基于贝叶斯网络的随机测试方法在Cache一致性验证中的设计与实现

随着集成电路设计复杂度指数级增长,功能验证已经越来越成为大规模芯片设计的瓶颈,而在多核处理器中,Cache一致性协议十分复杂,验证难度大。针对Cache一致性协议验证提出基于模拟验证的一种基于贝叶斯网络的随机测试生成方法,解决Cache一致性协议状态空间爆炸的问题。首先分析了Cache一致性协议及基于贝叶斯网络推理的CDG方法,并将CDG方法应用于Cache一致性的验证。以FT处理器中的Cache一致性协议验证为例,对比伪随机测试,使用CDG方法将覆盖率提高近30%。

EasiCache:一种基于缓存机制的低开销传感器网络代码更新方法

随着应用环境越来越复杂多变,传感器网络需要具备远程代码更新的能力,对节点进行灵活地配置和升级以适应环境变化.然而过高的代码更新开销一直困扰着远程代码更新在传感器网络中的大规模应用.代码更新开销主要包括存储代码引起的重组开销和节点通信产生的传输开销.在工程实践中,作者发现重组开销甚至有可能超过传输开销成为主要的更新开销.为此作者提出了一种基于代码缓存机制的低开销远程代码更新方法——EasiCache.该方法通过代码缓存机制在低功耗RAM上动态保存并执行需要频繁更新的代码,尽量避免对高功耗闪存flash进行读写操作,从而有效降低了重组开销.此外,该方法通过函数级代码差异对比,降低了传输代码量,同时保存了代码缓存机制所需的程序结构信息,进一步降低了重组开销.实验结果验证了该方法在降低代码更新开销方面的有效性.

MPCore Cache带宽测试及其对并行编程的影响

片上多处理器(CMP)在不提高处理器频率的情况下能提高CPU的性能,但多核处理器在对共享数据进行并行运算时存在cache一致性问题,导致每个CPU的数据传输带宽和程序运行效率降低。针对这个问题,在Linux操作系统环境下对MPCore各级cache性能及cache-to-cache传输性能进行了测试,结果表明采用cache-to-cache的数据传输方式能有效降低主存的负载。根据测试结果,提出在MPCore处理器上采用SPPM(synchronized pipelined parallelism model)模型进行并行编程的方法,通过实验证明在进行并行运算时,SPPM模型的运行效率高于SDM (the spatial decomposition model)模型。

基于TestBed/TBrun的高效测试执行方法

在使用TestBed/TBrun工具执行软件单元测试用例过程中,存在长数组无法自动赋值和结果比对导致测试效率低的问题。针对该问题,提出了一种基于TestBed/TBrun的高效测试执行方法。通过在后台文件中建立可自动识别读取长数组的通用驱动函数和自动对比测试结果的比对函数,对软件单元中的长数组输入/输出变量进行自动赋值及结果比对。经测试验证,该方法降低了用例执行耗时,提高了测试执行效率。

Comparison of T-2 Toxin and HT-2 Toxin Distributed in the Skeletal System with That in Other Tissues of Rats by Acute Toxicity Test

Twelve healthy rats were divided into the T-2 toxin group receiving gavage of 1 mg/kg T-2 toxin and the control group receiving gavage of normal saline. Total relative concentrations of T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin in the skeletal system（thighbone, knee joints, and costal cartilage） were significantly higher than those in the heart, liver, and kidneys（P 〈 0.05）. The relative concentrations of T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin in the skeletal system（thighbone and costal cartilage） were also significantly higher than those in the heart, liver, and kidneys. The rats administered T-2 toxin showed rapid metabolism compared with that in rats administered HT-2 toxin, and the metabolic conversion rates in the different tissues were 68.20%-90.70%.

Comparison, Selection and Progeny Test of Natural Populations of White Birch (Betula platyphylla Suk.) in Northern China

[Objectives]This study was conducted to rationally and effectively use natural genetic resources of white birch(Betula platyphylla Suk.),and improve the scientific and technological content of improved varieties.[Methods]With the progeny of the white birch populations naturally distributed in northern China as objects,based on genetic effect analysis and comprehensive evaluation,the genetic variation,heritability and genetic gain of the growth characters in the progeny forest were systematically analyzed,by which populations or individuals with good growth vigor and strong stress resistance and adaptability were finally selected.[Results]There were extremely significant differences in the growth characters between the natural populations of white birch in northern China.The variation was the smallest in tree height,followed by crown width,and largest in DBH,and the average coefficients of variation were 20.56%,32.25%and 33.00%,respectively.The differences in characters between progeny of the same population were also extremely significant.The growth characters of white birch were more controlled by genes,and the genetic gains were larger.The heritability of tree height,DBH and crown width was 0.971,0.816 and 0.576,respectively,and the genetic gains were 15.97%,21.54%and 13.87%,respectively.[Conclusions]With the growth characters as the main evaluation indexes,taking various influencing factors into account,the Shanxi[SX]population,Hebei[HB]population and Liaoning[LN]population were selected to be excellent populations,and LN305,SX516 and HB403 were excellent individuals,which are advised to be widely used in multi-generation genetic improvement breeding.

The “Colour Family Drawing Test”: Assessing Children’s Perception of Family Relationships. Studies on Mental Health and Cross-Cultural Comparisons

We apply the Colour Family Drawing Test, as a development of the traditional black and white test, for cross-cultural comparison. The participants, aged 7 - 10 years, both genders, were examined individually. Each subject sat at a single table with a white rectangular card of standard size, 24 well-sharpened colour pencils, a black pencil, an eraser and other appropriate tools. S/he received this verbal instruction: “Draw your family”. The procedure was firstly applied to 120 participants attending primary schools of Rome (Biasi, Bonaiuto and Levin, 2014). The families were evaluated through a semi-structural interview conducted with the children’s teachers and divided into: Harmonious versus Very Conflictual Families. The drawings made by children of Harmonious Families consistently used “Reassuring and Playful Colours” (Pink, Orange, Sky Blue, Light Green, Light Yellow, other pastel colours);and were larger, tidier and more proportioned to respect the opposite group. Children belonging to Conflictual Families used mostly “Alarming and Serious Colours” (Grey, Black, Dark Bleu, Violet, Olive Green) and their drawings were less extended, more often disordered and had typical deformations such as figures too thin. A second investigation examined 120 participants belonging to Asian immigrant families residing in Italy. A third investigation examined 120 participants belonging to Russian families of Moscow. Both last two investigations obtained very similar results on the use of colours, and gave a confirmation of the relevance of the Colour Family Drawing Test.

Software Testing Method Based on Model Comparison

A model comparison based software testing method （MCST） is proposed. In this method, the requirements aria programs or software under test are transformed into the ones in the same form, and described by the same model describe language （MDL）. Then, the requirements are transformed into a specification model and the programs into an implementation model. Thus, the elements and structures of the two models are compared, and the differences between them are obtained. Based on the diffrences, a test suite is generated. Different MDLs can be chosen for the software under test. The usages of two classical MDLs in MCST, the equivalence classes model and the extended finite state machine （EFSM） model, are described with example applications. The results show that the test suites generated by MCST are more efficient and smaller than some other testing methods, such as the pathcoverage testing method, the object state diagram testing method, etc.

Quantum private comparison of arbitrary single qubit states based on swap test

By using swap test,a quantum private comparison(QPC) protocol of arbitrary single qubit states with a semi-honest third party is proposed.The semi-honest third party(TP) is required to help two participants perform the comparison.She can record intermediate results and do some calculations in the whole process of the protocol execution,but she cannot conspire with any of participants.In the process of comparison,the TP cannot get two participants’ private information except the comparison results.According to the security analysis,the proposed protocol can resist both outsider attacks and participants’ attacks.Compared with the existing QPC protocols,the proposed one does not require any entanglement swapping technology,but it can compare two participants’ qubits by performing swap test,which is easier to implement with current technology.Meanwhile,the proposed protocol can compare secret integers.It encodes secret integers into the amplitude of quantum state rather than transfer them as binary representations,and the encoded quantum state is compared by performing the swap test.Additionally,the proposed QPC protocol is extended to the QPC of arbitrary single qubit states by using multi-qubit swap test.

Comparison Test of Black Grey Oyster Mushrooms in Shandong Province in Winter and Spring

[Objectives]This study was conducted to screen high-yield and high-quality strains suitable for promotion and cultivation in Shandong Province in winter and spring,and provide production enterprises with better production strains.[Methods]The clinker bag cultivation method was used to compare the cultivated products of 30 Pleurotus spp.strains,and the data on mycelial growth rate,growth morphology,biological characteristics of fruit bodies and yield were collected for comparison.[Results]Compared with other strains,such four strains as Pinggu 8633,Gaochan 8105,Tekang 650 and Ping 8129 had significantly higher adaptability,higher yield and better marketability.[Conclusions]Pinggu 8633,Gaochan 8105,Tekang 650 and Ping 8129 can be used as the main varieties for winter and spring oyster mushrooms production in Shandong Province.

Inspection and testing stressed in standards comparison and compliance action

The symposium on inspection and testing bodies in the special action on standards comparison and complianee of 10,000 enterprises of 1,000 sectors in 100 cities was held in Beijing on April 16,which was attended by more than 70 representatives from SAMR and inspection and testing bodies.

Comparison of the diagnostic value of four tests for superior labrum anterior and posterior lesions of the shoulde

To compare the diagnostic value of four signs for superior labrum anterior and posterior (SLAP) lesions of the shoulder.Methods The physical examination was performed randomly on 81 cases with abnormalities of the shoulder.There were four tests,including Kibler anterior sliding test,Liu crank test,O’Brien active compression test and Kim biceps load test Ⅱ.The arthroscopic examination were also performed.The result of the arthroscopic examination was considered as a golden standard,so that we could estimate the diagnosis value of the four tests according to the method of evaluation of diagnosis test on clinical epidemiology,their sensitivity,specificity,positive and negative predictive value,accuracy.Results There were 21 cases diagnosed as SLAP lesions by arthroscopy.The diagnosis value of Kim biceps load test Ⅱ was the highest among the four tests,in which 19 of true positive,59 of true negative,1 of false positive,only 2 of false negative cases;while the sensitivity was 90.48%,specificity was 98.33%,positive predictive value was 95.00%,negative predictive value was 96.72%,and accuracy was 96.30%.However the sensitivity,specificity,positive predicitive value,negative predictive vale and accuracy of Kibler anterior sliding test were 76.19%,96.67%,88.89%,92.06%,91.33%;and those of Liu crank test were 85.71%,93.33%,81.82%,94.92%,91.35%;those of O’Brien active compression test were 80.95%,91.66%,77.27%,93.22%,88.89%.Conclusion Kim Biceps load test Ⅱ may be the best for clinical diagnosis of SLAP lesions of the shoulder.9 refs,4 figs,2 tabs.

龙燕1号燕麦新品种的选育

为了选育高产、优质、适应东北三省及内蒙古地区种植的燕麦新品种,试验于2015年采用母本边锋和父本牧乐思进行种间杂交,并通过系统衍生法进行选育,对选育得到的燕麦新品种进行品种比较试验、区域试验及生产试验。结果表明:经选育得到龙燕1号燕麦,其2019—2020年两年平均干草产量及种子产量分别为15 100.0 kg/hm^(2)、4 760.3 kg/hm^(2),较对照牧乐思、白燕7号分别增产16.84%、11.71%和14.96%、11.11%,差异显著(P<0.05);两年(2022,2023年)多点(齐齐哈尔市、哈尔滨市、双鸭山市、绥化市)的平均干草产量龙燕1号最高,达9 857.14 kg/hm^(2),分别比对照青海444、青引2号增产18.11%、45.30%,差异极显著(P<0.01);在4个试验区哈尔滨市、兰西县、杜蒙县、肇东市的两年平均干草产量分别达到11 812.73 kg/hm^(2)、9 602.57 kg/hm^(2)、12 263.64 kg/hm^(2)和11 961.97 kg/hm^(2),比对照白燕7号分别增产11.57%、11.92%、12.60%、11.24%。说明饲用燕麦新品种龙燕1号燕麦相较亲本具有更好的生产性能,在东北三省均可种植。

《兽药比对试验要求》修订变化与意义

开展兽药比对试验是兽药产品批准文号管理的重要政策之一。为科学规范兽药比对试验目录产品的批准文号申请,农业农村部畜牧兽医局在2016年发布实施的《兽药比对试验要求》基础上,结合国内兽药比对研究现状,2024年修订发布了《兽药比对试验要求》。本文详细阐述了兽药比对试验要求的修订背景、主要变化和修订意义,旨在加强研发单位或相关临床试验机构对该项政策的理解,并对开展兽药比对试验提供指导和帮助。

兽药产品批准文号药学研究资料常见问题浅析

本文通过对已审药学资料的审查分析,从产品信息、处方、工艺、质量标准、稳定性研究等方面对药学申报资料的常见问题加以分析总结并提出了针对性建议,旨在规范药学研究资料编写,以期对兽药产品批准文号申请有所帮助。

水平受荷桩“p-y+M-θ”分析方法

中国近海海上风电机组开发建设中,大直径单桩基础形式使用占比超70%。现行p-y曲线设计方法主要适用于小直径柔性桩,对大直径单桩侧向及桩底受荷描述能力不足,导致其严重低估刚柔性桩和刚性桩(分别常用于中国和欧洲的近海风电工程)的变形和承载能力,过于保守的设计给海上风电降本带来挑战。为此建立了能以统一的方式预测柔性、刚柔性和刚性单桩水平单调受荷响应的“p-y+M-θ”模型,并将该模型推广到循环荷载下单桩的响应分析。通过与相关试验结果比对发现,“p-y+M-θ”模型能较为准确地预测桩基水平加载响应。力图为水平受荷单桩工程设计提供简洁而可行的响应分析方法。