阿托伐他汀钙片联合布地奈德福莫特罗吸入粉雾剂治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病的临床疗效及对患者血气分析指标的影响

目的:探讨阿托伐他汀钙片联合布地奈德福莫特罗吸入粉雾剂治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者的临床疗效,及对患者血气分析指标的影响。方法:选取2021年12月~2023年12月期间某院收治的120例COPD患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组60例。对照组患者给予布地奈德福莫特罗吸入粉雾剂(Ⅱ)治疗,观察组在对照组治疗基础上加用阿托伐他汀钙片,两组均连续治疗4周。比较两组患者临床疗效、肺功能[用力肺活量(FVC)、呼气流量峰值(PEF)和第1秒用力呼气容积/用力肺活量(FEV1/FVC)]、血气分析指标[动脉血氧分压(PaO_(2))、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))和血氧饱和度(SO_(2))]、辅助性T细胞1/辅助性T细胞2(Th1/Th2)、辅助性T细胞17/调节性T细胞(Th17/Treg)及不良反应发生情况。结果:治疗后,观察组患者治疗总有效率(93.33%)高于对照组(75.00%,P<0.05)。两组患者FVC、PEF及FEV1/FVC均升高(P<0.05),且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者PaO_(2)、SO_(2)均升高(P<0.05),且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者PaCO_(2)均降低(P<0.05),且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者Th1/Th2和Th17/Treg均降低(P<0.05),且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者不良反应总发生率比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:与单用布地奈德福莫特罗吸入粉雾剂相比,阿托伐他汀钙片联合布地奈德福莫特罗吸入粉雾剂治疗COPD的临床疗效更佳,可有效改善患者肺功能、血气分析指标,且未增加不良反应的发生风险。

聚卡波非钙片联合减量复方电解质散对肠道准备效果的影响

目的:探讨聚卡波非钙联合复方聚乙二醇电解质散(polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder,PEG)在结肠镜检查前肠道准备的清洁效果。方法:选择2021年11月至2022年10月于上海市第八人民医院消化内镜中心行结肠镜检查的患者225例,随机均分成3组,分别为4 L-PEG组、2 L-PEG+聚卡波非钙组、4 L-PEG+聚卡波非钙组,每组75例;记录Aronchick评分、Boston肠道准备评分量表(Boston bowel preparation scale,BBPS)、息肉及腺瘤等病变检出率、袪泡效果评分、患者耐受率、再次接受意愿程度、不良反应事件,并进行统计分析。结果:与2 L-PEG+聚卡波非钙组和4 L-PEG组比较,4 L-PEG+聚卡波非钙组Aronchick评分明显降低(P<0.05),BBPS评分(总分、左半侧、中侧、右半侧)明显增高(P均<0.05);3组间腺瘤和息肉检出率无差异(P均>0.05);4 L-PEG+聚卡波非钙组袪泡评分优于2 L-PEG+聚卡波非钙组和4 L-PEG组(P<0.05);2 L-PEG+聚卡波非钙组耐受率明显高于4 L-PEG组(P=0.001);2 L-PEG+聚卡波非钙组再次接受意愿程度高于4 L-PEG+聚卡波非钙组和4 L-PEG组(P均<0.0125);2 L-PEG+聚卡波非钙组腹胀发生率明显低于4 L-PEG组和4 L-PEG+聚卡波非钙组(P<0.01);3组恶心、呕吐、腹痛、头晕、头痛比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:PEG与聚卡波非钙联用比单用PEG肠道清洁效果好,2 L-PEG与聚卡波非钙联用不逊于4 L-PEG清肠效果,且耐受性更好,再接受意愿程度更高,不良反应事件较少。

不同材料对碱激发混凝土抗碳化性能影响研究

针对碱激发材料存在抗碳化性能差等缺点,以及对碱激发材料的碳化研究手段还缺乏统一标准。提出了一种硬化混凝土粉末碳化测试方法,结合不同掺量的草木灰、氧化镁、乳酸钠、煅烧水滑石(C-HT)的碱激发矿渣-粉煤灰砂浆(AAM)的抗碳化性能进行研究。试验结果表明:添加草木灰时,AAM抗碳化性能下降,但随着其掺量增加,AAM抗碳化性能逐渐提高,掺量为6%时,AAM抗碳化性能与对照组相差较小;氧化镁、乳酸钠、C-HT均可提高AAM的抗碳化性能,添加6%氧化镁或6%C-HT的效果最明显;乳酸钠对于AAM抗碳化性能提高并不显著。硬化粉末碳化测试方法不仅用于测试AAM的抗碳化性能,而且可以利用碳化程度和速率对不同添加剂进行抗碳化性能的精确对比。

碳酸钙颗粒表面改性及其稳定的石蜡Pickering乳液

用丁烷四羧酸、油酸和丙烯酰胺原位复合调控碳酸钙表面特性,并用改性碳酸钙颗粒制备了高固含量的石蜡Pickering乳液。用红外光谱、扫描电镜、热失重法、水接触角法和表面电位法等对改性碳酸钙的表面组成结构和形貌进行表征,并用光学显微镜和激光共聚焦显微镜对Pickering乳液形貌进行表征。试验结果表明:脂肪酸与丙烯酰胺抑制碳酸钙晶粒的生长,丁烷四羧酸钙以介孔超分子结构覆盖在碳酸钙表面,明显降低了碳酸钙的亲水性。改性碳酸钙颗粒中,纯碳酸钙60%,脂肪酸钙40%。改性碳酸钙粒径约为250 nm,水接触角为84.7°,表面电位为-23.5 mV。用改性碳酸钙制备了水包油型固含量70%的石蜡Pickering乳液。

超级微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定婴幼儿奶粉中钙和磷的含量

建立超级微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定婴幼儿奶粉中钙和磷含量的方法。样品采用超级微波消解前处理,利用碰撞反应技术和在线内标法优化检测方法,通过标准物质、加标回收试验和方法比对等手段进行方法学验证。结果表明,钙的线性范围为0~150 mg/L,磷的线性范围为0~100 mg/L,相关系数均大于0.9995,钙和磷的方法检出限分别为0.527 mg/kg和0.232 mg/kg,方法定量限分别为1.75 mg/kg和0.774 mg/kg,相对标准偏差分别为1.17%和0.67%;质控样品钙和磷的测定结果均在特定值区间内,且加标回收率的范围为96.3%~104.4%;并对市售的多个奶粉进行方法比对,结果不存在显著性差异。试验表明该方法能减少基质干扰,能简单、快速、准确、稳定地同时检测婴幼儿奶粉中钙和磷的含量,为今后婴幼儿奶粉中钙和磷含量同时测定提供方法参考。

儿童配方奶粉对小鼠骨骼发育影响的研究

该研究比较2种奶粉对地塞米松诱导小鼠骨骼发育不良的调节作用。选取雌性ICR小鼠,随机分为对照组、地塞米松组、地塞米松+奶粉1组、地塞米松+奶粉2组,分别给予相应饲料饲喂8周,采用肌肉注射1 mg/kg地塞米松建立骨骼发育不良模型,每周3次,实验结束时检测基础指标、血清生化指标和肠道菌群的变化。结果表明,与地塞米松组相比,2种奶粉添加后都能改善小鼠的骨微结构。血清生化分析表明,奶粉补充后血清骨转换标志物水平上升,血清促炎细胞因子水平下降,抗炎细胞因子水平增加,血清中钙含量增加。肠道菌群分析表明,奶粉补充后能显著改变肠道菌群的组成。在门水平上,奶粉1的添加增加了Verrucomicrobiota的相对丰度,奶粉2的添加增加了Firmicutes的相对丰度,降低了Bacteroidota的相对丰度。在属水平上,奶粉1的添加能上调Akkermansia和Alloprevotella的相对丰度,而奶粉2的添加能上调Lactobacillus和Lachnoclostridium的相对丰度。综上所述,2种奶粉都能促进骨骼发育,而调节机制存在差异,这可能与不同奶粉配方的独特组成有关。

粉石灰悬浮煅烧技术及下游应用

在现有可回收钙资源中,小粒径石灰石和电石渣无论是从储量还是从氧化钙含量来说都是生产石灰的极佳原料。本文详细介绍采用悬浮煅烧技术回收利用小粒径石灰石和电石渣的工艺流程,并提供了湿电石渣悬浮煅烧的生产实例。结合粉石灰指标,分析了在建筑行业较为合适的应用场景,为粉石灰生产企业提供参考。

探究钢渣尾粉中游离总钙测定的影响因素

从目前来看,我国钢渣利用率普遍不高。堆放的钢渣除了占地方,也会对环境产生不良影响。所以要通过测定钢渣尾粉中的游离总钙,来衡量钢渣二次利用的成效。而游离总钙遇水会膨胀,不利于钢渣的使用。所测定出的游离总钙值,可预测炼钢脱硫、脱磷的情况。因此,游离总钙也属于钢渣综合利用的一个重要指标。文章分析了钢渣尾粉中游离总钙测定的影响因素。

水养护温度对活性粉末混凝土强度及水化硅酸钙结构的影响研究

活性粉末混凝土(RPC)水化产物的主体是水化硅酸钙(C-S-H),但其易受温度影响,具有复杂多变的特点。本文分析了水养护温度对RPC的28d强度的影响规律,并利用^(29)Si核磁共振(NMR)技术研究了水养护温度对RPC浆体水泥水化程度、C-S-H凝胶Si原子结构特征、硅氧链平均分子链长(MCL)及Al[4]/Si等微结构参数的影响规律,探明了活性粉末混凝土C-S-H硅氧四面体聚合机制。结果表明:随着水养护温度的升高,RPC的抗压、抗折强度逐渐增大,折压比先增大后降低,其水化程度、硅氧链平均分子链长、Al[4]/Si逐渐增大;当水养护温度≥50℃时,硅灰的火山灰反应加剧,进一步提高了RPC内部水泥水化程度、C-S-H平均分子链长及Al[4]/Si。

Hydration Products of Cement-silica Fume-quartz Powder Mixture under Different Curing Regimes

Composition, morphology, and structure of hydration products in hardened pastes of three kinds of blended cement（cement-silica fume, cement-quartz powder and cement-silica fume-quartz powder） hydrated under different curing regimes（standard curing, 90 ℃ steam curing, 200 ℃ and 250 ℃ autoclave curing） were investigated by X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscope equipped with EDAX system. Results showed that the main hydration products in three kinds of hardened pastes under standard curing condition are all C-S-H gels, CH, and AFt. Under 90 ℃ steam curing condition, the main hydration products of cement-silica fume and cement-silica fume-quartz powder are C-S-H gels, whereas those of cement-quartz powder are C-S-H and CH. Under 200 or 250 ℃ autoclave curing condition, no obvious crystallized CH phase is found in hardened pastes of three kinds of blended cement, and C-S-H gels are transformed into one or more crystalline phases such as tobermorite, jennite, and xonotlite. The chemical composition and morphology of these crystalline phases depend on the composition of mixture and autoclave temperature.

Preparation of CaB6 powder via calciothermic reduction of boron carbide

The method of calciothermic reduction of B4C was proposed for preparing CaB6.The phase transition and morphology evolution during the reaction were investigated in detail.The experimental results reveal that Ca first reacts with B4C to generate CaB2C2 and CaB6 at a low temperature and that the CaB2C2 subsequently reacts with Ca to produce CaB6 and CaC2 at a high temperature.After the products were leached to remove the byproduct CaC2,pure CaB6 was obtained.The grain size of the prepared CaB6 was 2–3μm,whereas its particle size was 4–13μm;it inherited the particle size of B4C.The residual C content of the product was decreased to 1.03 wt%after the first reaction at 1173 K for 4 h and the second reaction at 1623 K for 4 h.

Preparation of titanium powders by calciothermic reduction of titanium dioxide

To develop an effective process for titanium powders production,a calciothermic reduction process of pigment titanium dioxide(w(TiO2)>98%),based on the preform reduction process(PRP),was investigated by means of XRD,SEM and EDS.In this process,the mixture of TiO2 powder and CaCl2 was pressed into pieces as feed preform and was reduced by calcium vapor.Titanium powders was recovered after leaching from the reduced preform with hydrochloric acid and deionized water.The results indicate when the mass ratio of CaCl2 to TiO2 is about 1:4 and at a constant temperature of 1 273 K for 6 h in vacuum furnace,titanium powders with 99.55% purity by EDS analysis and irregular shape(8-15 μm in particle size) are obtained.

Synthesis of Calcium Hexaluminate from Waste Slag of Aluminum and Oyster Shell

Waste aluminum slag and oyster shell were used as raw materials to synthesize calcium hexaluminate（CA6）. The effects of different source materials of CaO and sintering temperature on the structures and properties of CA6 were investigated,respectively. The results show that compared to calcium oxide,oyster shell can lower the formation temperature of CA6,hence CA6 can be detected at 1300 ℃ by using oyster shell as the starting raw materials. Increasing the sintering temperature can promote the crystal growth. CA6 crystals show typical platelet shape,and its optimum sintering temperature falls in the 1450～1550 ℃ region. The bulk density is 1.54～1.83 g/cm^3,the apparent porosity is 44.1～55.2% and the flexural strength is 10.8～25.3 MPa.

Reactivity of Recycled Glass Powder in a Cementitious Medium

The reactivity of the recycled glass powder (GP) in a cementitious medium has been studied over time by means of X-ray diffraction and thermal gravimetric analysis. Two different mixtures based on cement/glass powder (0 or 20 wt% GP) and lime/glass powder (70 wt% GP) were considered. Analysis revealed the coexistence of both hydration and pozzolanic reaction during the hardening of the mortars. At young age, the cement hydration would prevail over the pozzolanic one resulting in a decrease of physico-chemical and mechanical properties of the material due to the dilution effect. The pozzolanic reaction that predominates from 91 days, would induce the formation of supplementary C-S-H leading to improve the material properties.

Study on rapid stabilization of steel slag powder

Dry ball milling and wet ball milling were used to treat converter slag with particle size < 10 mm and the converter slag powder was stabilized by H_2O only and H_2O coupled with CO_2.respectively.Results showed that when CO_2 &H_2O was used,the free-calcium oxide(f-CaO) content in converter slag decreased significantly and after an-hour treatment the f-CaO content was reduced to 3%;however,when only treated by H_2O without CO_2, f-CaO needed 3-hour stabilization to decrease its content to 3%.When f-CaO in converter slag powder was treated by CO_2 &H_2O,its main reaction products were CaCO_3 and then Ca(OH)_2;however,when only H_2O was used, the f-CaO content decreased gently and the main products were Ca(OH)_2.

Application of Activated Alumina Powders in Corundum Castables

There are many brands of activated alumina powders in the market and the products from different manufacturers exist subtle differences. In this work, four brands of activated alumina powder which are the mainstream products in China with the same marked particle size of 2-3 μm were added to corundum castables to investigate the effect of different activated alumina powder on properties of corundum castables. It is found that the multi-peak distribution, round-shape particle,low impurities content of alumina powder are of great benefit to the improvement of the overall performance of castables.Obvious CA6 frame structure formed in castables matrix is conductive to improving the thermal shock resistance and high temperature strength of castables. One kind of domestic alumina micropowder studied in this work has good application value and prospect in corundum castables because of the excellent comprehensive performance.

Preparation of Calcium Phosphate with Oyster Shells

Oyster shells have received attention for use as a calcium resource. For this study, calcium phosphate was prepared from phosphoric acid and oyster shells. The influences of the concentration of phosphoric acid and pH in the preparation conditions were studied from the yields of calcium phosphate and unreacted carbonate, and the Ca/P ratios in precipitates. The yield of calcium phosphate and carbonate was low in the preparation condition with 0.1 mol/l of phosphoric acid. The obtained precipitates were the mixture of calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate and the unreacted calcium carbonate. The reactivity of the oyster shells with phosphoric acid was discussed from the yields and Ca/P ratios in precipitates.

超声波辅助硅烷和硬脂酸对钙粉改性研究

钙粉制备过程中表面具有亲水性和疏油性,且比表面积大,颗粒易团聚,难以直接应用。利用硬脂酸和硅烷偶联剂对钙粉进行改性,考察硬脂酸、硅烷的投加量和超声波对改性效果的影响。结果表明,在超声波辅助条件下硬脂酸投加2%和硅烷投加2.5%条件下,沉降体积降低至0.7 mL/g,吸油值降低至21.0 mL/g,活化度升高至96.7%,改性后的钙粉具有亲油性和疏水性的性能。

利用铝灰和微硅粉制备4A分子筛的研究

铝灰和微硅粉分别是铸造铝和硅铁合金冶炼过程中产生的固体废弃物,含有丰富的氧化铝和氧化硅,为了符合国家环保要求以及资源再生化利用,通过从铝灰和微硅粉中提取氧化铝、氧化硅,并以此为原料制备4A分子筛。通过水热法探究最佳工艺条件,制备出了符合国家行业标准的4A分子筛,并对其分别进行了XRD、FTIR、SEM及BET表征,测定了钙离子交换能力。结果表明:在硅铝比(n(SiO_(2))/n(Al_(2)O_(3)))2.0、碱度(n(Na2O)/n(Al_(2)O_(3)))2.5、晶化温度100℃、晶化时间10 h的条件下制备的4A分子筛具有清晰的、均匀的立方晶型结构及良好的钙离子交换能力(362 mg CaCO_(3)/g),可用作洗涤助剂,为固体废弃物的资源化利用提供了新思路。

钠钙硅渣常压脱碱同步制备硅酸钙粉体

以低温低钙烧结法处理赤泥产生的钠钙硅渣为原料,通过常压反应制备了硅酸钙粉体。利用XRD、XRF、PSD、SEM-EDS等检测手段,系统研究了不同反应条件对钠钙硅渣脱碱性能、物相转变和制备硅酸钙粉体的影响规律及其反应机理。结果表明:钠钙硅渣脱碱的最佳工艺条件为反应温度97℃、反应时间4 h、液固比10、苛碱质量浓度60 g/L,此时钠钙硅渣的脱碱率为94.67%,硅酸钙粉体的含水率和堆积密度分别为55.1%和0.31 g/cm^(3)。具有锡箔片状结构的C-S-H(I)型水化硅酸钙凝胶为硅酸钙粉体的主要物相。钠钙硅渣脱碱反应由内扩散控制,反应表观活化能为11.22 kJ/mol。