In-depth investigation on physicochemical and thermal properties of magnesium(Ⅱ) gluconate using spectroscopic and thermoanalytical techniques

Magnesium gluconate is a classical organometallic pharmaceutical compound used for the prevention and treatment of hypomagnesemia as a source of magnesium ion. The present research described the in-depth study on solid state properties viz. physicochemical and thermal properties of magnesium gluconate using sophisticated analytical techniques like Powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD), particle size analysis(PSA),Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) spectrometry, ultraviolet–visible(UV–Vis) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)/differential thermogravimetric analysis(DTG), and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).Magnesium gluconate was found to be crystalline in nature along with the crystallite size ranging from 14.10 to47.35 nm. The particle size distribution was at d(0.1)=6.552 μm, d(0.5)=38.299 μm, d(0.9)=173.712 μm and D(4,3)=67.122 μm along with the specific surface area of 0.372 m^2/g. The wavelength for the maximum absorbance was at 198.0 nm. Magnesium gluconate exhibited 88.51% weight loss with three stages of thermal degradation process up to 895.18 °C from room temperature. The TGA/DTG thermograms of the analyte indicated that magnesium gluconate was thermally stable up to around 165 °C. Consequently, the melting temperature of magnesium gluconate was found to be 169.90 °C along with the enthalpy of fusion of 308.7 J/g.Thus, the authors conclude that the achieved results from this study are very useful in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries for the identification, characterization and qualitative analysis of magnesium gluconate for preformulation studies and also for developing magnesium gluconate based novel formulation.

Evaluation of intratesticular chlorhexidine gluconate for chemical contraception in dogs

Objective:To investigate the contraceptive effect of intratesticular injection of chlorhexidine gluconate in dogs and compare it with that of zinc gluconate neutralized with arginine.Methods:Twenty-four sexually mature male mongrel dogs were randomly divided by replicate into four groups(n=6 per group).GroupⅡreceived intra-testicular injection of 2 mL zinc gluconate(10 mg/mL)neutralized with arginine.GroupⅡreceived intratesticular injection of 2 mL chlorhexidine gluconate(5%w/v).GroupⅢreceived intratesticular injection of 2 mL chlorhexidine gluconate(4%w/v).GroupⅣdid not receive any treatment and served as the control group.Testicular morphometry was conducted on day 0,7,15 and 30 after treatment.Semen was collected and evaluated on day 0 and 30.Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance.Results:There was no difference in the mean values of various parameters between dogs treated with zinc gluconate and those treated with chlorhexidine gluconate at any of the time points.In dogs treated with zinc gluconate or chlorhexidine gluconate,there was a significant increase in the testicular morphometric parameters on day 7 followed by a significant reduction thereafter(day 15 and 30).In contrast,there was no change in any of the parameters in the control untreated dogs during the course of the study.Compared to the pre-treatment values,the mean scrotal circumference and the mean paired testicular volume and testicular weight on day 30 were significantly lower in the treated dogs.Semen samples collected on day 30 from treated dogs were found to be azoospermic,whereas no change in semen quality was observed in the control untreated dogs.Conclusions:Intratesticular injection of chlorhexidine gluconate(5%w/v and 4%w/v)is equally as effective as zinc gluconate neutralized with arginine for chemical contraception in dogs.

Effect of Disulfiram/Copper Gluconate Combination on Haematological Indices in Rodents

The chronic toxicological profile of disulfiram/copper gluconate (DSF/CG) combination was investigated in a 90 day time and dose dependent study. A total of 148 rats weighing 260 - 300 g were used for this study;60 for the pilot study and 88 for the chronic toxicity test. 88 rats divided into eleven groups consisting of 8 rats each were used for the main experiment. Groups 1 and 2 served as control groups and received normal saline as placebo and 99.5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (Solvent control), respectively. Drugs were administered orally via a 1 ml syringe. Animals were given three doses (1/5th, 1/10th and 1/20th) of the calculated LD50 of 373 mg/kg and 75 mg/kg for disulfiram and copper gluconate respectively. Dosing was done daily with that of the combination given 12 hours apart. Blood samples were obtained via cardiac puncture on days 30, 45, 60 and 90 for analysis. Haematological parameters showed a significant (p < 0.05) dose- and time-dependent decrease in the packed cell volume, red blood cell count, white blood cell count and platelet count respectively. The results indicate bone marrow depression evidenced by anemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia in the experimental animals. The DSF/CG combination appears to exhibit a synergistic dose-dependent haematotoxicity.

Toxicological Evaluation of Disulfiram, Copper Gluconate and Disulfiram/Copper Gluconate Combination on Renal Function in Rodents

This research work investigated and compared the chronic renal toxicological profile of disulfiram, copper gluconate and disulfiram/copper gluconate combination, in a 90-day time- and dose-dependent study in rodents. 88 rats weighing an average of 280 g divided into eleven groups consisting of 8 rats each were used for this experiment. The control groups received normal saline as placebo and 99.5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (solvent control). Three oral doses (low, medium and high) of disulfiram (18.65 mg/kg, 37.3 mg/kg and 74.6 mg/kg), copper gluconate (3.75 mg/kg, 7.5 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg) and both drugs in combination were administered daily with those of the combination given 12 hours apart. Blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture in heparinised bottles and centrifuged, and the serum was decanted on 30, 45, 60 and 90 days for analysis. Renal function parameters—electrolytes (Na+, K+), urea and creatinine were evaluated. Results showed significant (p < 0.05) dose- and time-dependent increase in electrolyte level (Na+, K+), blood urea and creatinine respectively. The results are all pointers to the development of renal failure. It therefore appears that the DSF/CG combination is nephrotoxic and this effect is dose-dependent and synergistic.

Skin Disinfection with 2% Chlorine Gluconate-Adine in Autologous Peripheral Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Patients

Background: Autologous peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is widely used in the treatment of malignant lymphoma. Patients are prone to infection during the transplantation immune deficiency period. There has been a lot of clinical research into how to better manage this period of vulnerability. Objective: This study aims to investigate the efficacy of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) for skin disinfection in patients undergoing autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and observe any adverse reactions. Methods: A total of 106 patients receiving autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from November 2019 to December 2020 in our district were selected as the control group. From January 2021 to January 2022, 106 patients with autologous hematopoietic stem cells were included in the experimental group. The control group used the immersion bath method. The experimental group was treated with an improved scrub bath method (including 3M 2% chlorhexidine gluconate medical sanitary wipes to wipe the whole skin once). Results: The bacteria-carrying rate of the improved method (37.74%) was significantly better than that of the traditional soaking method (72.64%), and the difference was statistically significant (P Conclusion: The improved bath/wipe method has a significant positive effect on skin disinfection for patients undergoing HSCT.

Effects of Misoprostol and Oxytocin Combined with Calcium Gluconate on Delivery Time of Parturient with High-risk Postpartum Hemorrhage and Neonatal Outcomes

Objective:To investigate the effect of misoprostol and oxytocin combined with calcium gluconate on parturient with high-risk postpartum hemorrhage.Methods:The clinical data of 80 parturient with high-risk postpartum hemorrhage who were treated in our hospital from July 2016 to July 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.According to different treatment methods,they were divided into control group(treated with misoprostol combined with oxytocin,40 cases)and observation group(treated with misoprostol and oxytocin combined with calcium gluconate,40 cases),compared the clinical efficacy,delivery time,postpartum hemorrhage 2 hour after delivery,postpartum hemorrhage 24 hours after delivery and Apgar score of the newborns at 1min after birth.Results:The total effective rate(95.00%)in the observation group was higher than that in the control group(77.50%),and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The third delivery stage in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group,and the postpartum hemorrhage volume was less than that in the control group.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in Apgar score of the two groups of newborns(P>0.05).Conclusion:Misoprostol and oxytocin combined with calcium gluconate is effective in treating high-risk postpartum hemorrhage parturient,which not only can effectively reduce postpartum hemorrhage and shorten the delivery time,but also is beneficial for neonatal outcome and worthy of clinical application.

葡萄糖酸锌制备与分析的实验改进

综合性实验对于锻炼学生的基础实验操作能力,提高学生运用多种知识技能综合分析解决问题的能力和数据处理能力有着重要的作用。本文通过对葡萄糖酸锌制备过程的样品添加量、水浴温度、过滤方式和分析过程进行设计改进,并对样品进行了XRD和FT-IR表征分析,通过将无机制备实验、常量分析和仪器分析实验相结合于一体,将其设计为大学无机化学实验的一个综合实验项目。在无机化学实验课程中增加这一综合性实验,学生可以通过先制备产品再对产品分析表征,熟悉无机材料制备表征方法,初步建立化学研究思维。

改性硫铝酸盐水泥砂浆力学性能及耐久性能研究

过快的流动度损失和后期不稳定的强度发展限制了硫铝酸盐水泥工程中的进一步应用。因此以葡萄糖酸钠作为缓凝剂,掺入硅灰制备成改性硫铝酸盐水泥砂浆,并对其工作性能、力学性能和抗氯离子渗透性能开展了系统研究。研究结果表明:葡萄糖酸钠掺量0.4%可有效延长硫铝酸盐水泥砂浆凝结时间,提高砂浆流动性和抗氯离子渗透性能;硫铝酸盐砂浆工作性能、力学性能和抗氯离子渗透性能均随硅灰掺量的增加先提高后降低,硅灰最优掺量为20%。

一次性口服葡萄糖酸钙在机采血小板献血者中的应用效果分析

目的:探讨一次性口服葡萄糖酸钙在机采血小板献血者中的应用效果。方法:选取2023年1月—2024年7月于山东省血液中心进行机采血小板的献血者100名作为研究样本,通过随机数字表法分为对照组(n=50)、观察组(n=50)。观察组献血者在机采血小板前一次性口服葡萄糖酸钙10 mL,对照组献血者在机采血小板过程中少量多次口服葡萄糖酸钙。比较两组献血者机采血小板前后血清甲状旁腺激素、钙离子、磷离子水平以及献血不良反应发生情况。结果:采血前,两组血清甲状旁腺激素、钙离子、磷离子水平比较,无统计学差异(P>0.05)。采血后,两组血清甲状旁腺激素水平升高(P<0.05),钙离子、磷离子水平变化不大(P>0.05);两组间血清甲状旁腺激素、钙离子、磷离子水平对比,无统计学差异(P>0.05)。观察组献血不良反应轻于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:机采血小板献血者采血前一次性口服葡萄糖酸钙有助于控制血清甲状旁腺激素水平大幅度波动,并且能够预防献血不良反应的发生。

不同激活剂对富血小板血浆生长因子的影响

背景:生长因子是富血小板血浆在临床治疗中发挥作用的关键效应分子,不同激活剂激活富血小板血浆后生长因子浓度存在差异,是影响临床疗效的重要因素。目的:分析不同激活剂对富血小板血浆中生长因子质量浓度的影响。方法:招募12名健康志愿者,采集EDTA-K2抗凝静脉血,应用二次离心法制备富血小板血浆。比较静脉血与富血小板血浆中生长因子的质量浓度差异。将富血小板血浆分别与4种激活剂(生理盐水、凝血酶、葡萄糖酸钙、葡萄糖酸钙+凝血酶)按照体积比10∶1混匀,置于37℃恒温水浴箱孵育30 min,离心后提取上清液,检测生长因子质量浓度;利用血琼脂平板检测上清液中的细菌生长情况;采用Pearson相关分析不同激活剂与富血小板血浆中生长因子质量浓度的相关性,血小板计数值与富血小板血浆中生长因子质量浓度的相关性。结果与结论:(1)富血小板血浆中血小板衍生生长因子BB、血小板衍生生长因子AB、血管内皮生长因子、表皮生长因子的质量浓度分别是静脉血中对应生长因子质量浓度的8.7,22.2,2.3,2.8倍(P <0.05);(2)与生理盐水组比较,凝血酶组、葡萄糖酸钙组、葡萄糖酸钙+凝血酶组中血小板衍生生长因子BB、血小板衍生生长因子AB、血管内皮生长因子、表皮生长因子质量浓度升高(P <0.05);凝血酶组、葡萄糖酸钙组血小板衍生生长因子BB质量浓度高于葡萄糖酸钙+凝血酶组(P <0.05),凝血酶组血小板衍生生长因子AB质量浓度高于葡萄糖酸钙组、葡萄糖酸钙+凝血酶组(P <0.05),凝血酶组表皮生长因子质量浓度低于葡萄糖酸钙组、葡萄糖酸钙+凝血酶组(P <0.05);(3)血琼脂平板实验结果显示4组上清液中均无细菌生长;(4)Pearson相关分析显示,富血小板血浆中血小板衍生生长因子BB质量浓度与凝血酶存在正向强相关性(r=0.683,P <0.05),血管内皮生长因子质量浓度与凝血酶、葡萄糖酸钙、葡萄糖酸钙+凝血酶激混合剂存在正向强相关性(r=0.730,0.789,0.686,P <0.05);富血小板中血小板计数值与4种生长因子质量浓度均无相关性(P> 0.05);(5)结果提示,不同激活剂对富血小板血浆中生长因子浓度产生不同影响,建议临床根据不同生长因子质量浓度和治疗需求选择不同激活剂,以提高临床疗效。

葡萄糖酸钙与氨甲环酸联合麦角新碱对产后出血患者凝血功能的影响

目的观察葡萄糖酸钙与氨甲环酸联合麦角新碱治疗对产后出血患者凝血功能的影响。方法回顾性选取2020年1月—2023年12月选取厦门大学附属第一医院妇产科收治的产后出血患者150例,按照治疗方式不同分为单一注射组(给予马来酸麦角新碱注射液治疗)和联合注射组(在单一注射组基础上给予葡萄糖酸钙注射液与氨甲环酸注射液),各75例。比较2组临床疗效,不同时点(胎盘娩出即刻与分娩后2、24 h)出血量,分娩前与分娩12 h后凝血功能指标[凝血酶原时间(PT)、纤维蛋白原(Fib)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)]与血红蛋白(Hb)水平,不良反应。结果联合注射组治疗总有效率高于单一注射组(98.67%vs.89.33%,χ^(2)=4.225,P=0.039)。联合注射组胎盘娩出即刻与分娩后2、24 h出血量均少于单一注射组(P<0.01)。分娩12 h后,2组PT、APTT短于分娩前,Fib水平高于分娩前,Hb水平低于分娩前,且联合注射组上述指标改善幅度优于单一注射组(P<0.01)。联合注射组与单一注射组不良反应总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(4.00%vs.6.67%,χ^(2)=0.132,P=0.716)。结论葡萄糖酸钙与氨甲环酸联合麦角新碱治疗产后出血的效果良好,可有效减少出血量,改善凝血功能,具有良好的安全性。

葡萄糖酸钠对大掺量石灰石粉水泥浆体水化行为的影响

为了研究葡萄糖酸钠对大掺量石灰石粉水泥浆体水化行为的影响,采用等温量热测试、X射线衍射测试、热重测试研究了胶凝材料体系的水化进程、水化产物种类与含量的变化;并采用相边界成核与生长模型探究了葡萄糖酸钠作用下大掺量石灰石粉水泥水化产物成核与生长机制。结果表明:葡萄糖酸钠能够延缓大掺量石灰石粉水泥的水化,减少水化产物的生成,从而降低其水化程度;另外,葡萄糖酸钠能够降低水化产物早期成核与生长的速率,减小水化产物早期在相边界成核与生长的面积。

高效液相色谱法检测葡萄糖酸-δ-内酯

葡萄糖酸-δ-内酯常通过葡萄糖酸水溶液蒸发浓缩制备,所得产品常含有少量的葡萄糖酸和葡萄糖酸-γ-内酯。为了检测产品中葡萄糖酸-δ-内酯的质量分数,文中建立了可快速分离分析葡萄糖酸-δ-内酯、葡萄糖酸和葡萄糖酸-γ-内酯的高效液相色谱法,并优化了葡萄糖酸-δ-内酯的分析条件。以SPD-M20A二极管阵列检测器,采用Titank Hilic色谱柱分离葡萄糖酸-δ-内酯、葡萄糖酸和葡萄糖酸-γ-内酯,以0.01 mol/L乙腈-磷酸水溶液(体积比90∶10)为流动相进行等度洗脱,柱温为30℃,流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为205 nm,进样量为20μL。结果表明,葡萄糖酸-δ-内酯在7 min内可实现较好的分离;在0.5—2.5 mg/mL内具有良好的线性关系(r>0.999),检出限为0.002 mg/mL,定量限为0.5 mg/mL,3个水平的平均加标回收率为98.8%—99.9%,相对标准偏差0.1%—0.4%(n=5)。此方法分析时间短、灵敏度高、分离效果好,可用于葡萄糖酸-δ-内酯、葡萄糖酸和葡萄糖酸-γ-内酯的同时检测。

三种代谢产物对老年急性心肌梗死患者发生肾损伤的预测价值

目的探讨老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者入院时血浆葡萄糖酸、富马酸和假尿苷联合预测急性肾损伤(AKI)的价值。方法收集2021年12月至2022年7月中国医学科学院阜外医院急诊科转入冠心病重症监护室治疗的老年AMI患者78例,根据住院期间AKI发生情况分为AKI组40例和非AKI组38例。采用液相色谱串联质谱定量分析AMI患者入院时血浆葡萄糖酸、富马酸和假尿苷水平。采用ROC曲线下面积(AUC)确定3种血浆代谢产物预测AMI患者发生AKI的价值。采用多因素logistic回归分析AKI的临床危险因素。结果AKI组与非AKI组血浆葡萄糖酸、富马酸和假尿苷水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,葡萄糖酸、富马酸和假尿苷对老年AMI患者AKI发生无预测价值(AUC=0.576,95%CI:0.449~0.704,P=0.246;AUC=0.595,95%CI:0.467~0.721,P=0.154;AUC=0.563,95%CI:0.435~0.692,P=0.337)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,左心室射血分数(LVEF)是老年AMI患者发生AKI的独立预测因素(OR=0.923,95%CI:0.870~0.978,P=0.007)。结论老年AMI患者血浆葡萄糖酸、富马酸和假尿苷不能早期预测AKI发生,而LVEF是老年AMI患者发生AKI的独立预测因素。

基于过期葡萄糖酸亚铁和废锂箔制备高性能LiFePO_(4)/C正极的研究

近几年,锂离子电池的市场需求剧增,导致原材料价格暴涨。为此,分别将过期葡萄糖酸亚铁和废锂箔与H_(3)PO_(4)反应生成Fe_(3)(PO_(4))2/葡萄糖酸钠磷酸酯和Li_(3)PO_(4)粉末,然后采用磷酸铁工艺制备LiFePO_(4)/C纳米颗粒,并研究其储锂性能。研究结果表明,LiFePO_(4)/C正极在1.0C循环300圈后的可逆容量和容量保持率分别高达129.3mAh/g和97.0%,与商业LiFePO_(4)正极材料性能相当,这可能归功于纳米颗粒及碳层之间的协同效应。该研究降低了LiFePO_(4)的制备成本和环境排放。

葡萄糖酸钠对水泥浆体流动度的影响及作用机理

研究了葡萄糖酸钠对掺减水剂水泥浆体流动度的影响,并通过测试减水剂在水泥颗粒表面的吸附率、水化产物含量、固体颗粒的比表面积,分析了葡萄糖酸钠对流动度的影响机理。结果表明:葡萄糖酸钠的掺入提高了水泥浆体的流动度,降低了减水剂的吸附率,抑制了水泥浆体中早期钙矾石生成,但加速了中期钙矾石的生成速率,使钙矾石总量提高;葡萄糖酸钠降低了水泥浆体早期的比表面积,但后期比表面积明显增加。

Fe^(2+)螯合剂对羟脯氨酸发酵的影响

为解决反式-4-羟基脯氨酸发酵过程中Fe^(2+)供应不足、产酸效率低等问题。该研究以大肠杆菌HYP-08为供试菌株,首先通过单因素实验探究Fe^(2+)螯合剂种类及添加量对羟脯氨酸发酵生产的影响,并通过5 L发酵放大验证,以羟脯氨酸产量、生物量,糖酸转化率为指标,进一步探究其在放大过程中的影响,结果表明葡萄糖酸亚铁对羟脯氨酸发酵效果最好,流加发酵生产中,最终确定了10 h开始持连续流加的补料方式,反式-4-羟基脯氨酸生物量及产量达到最高,分别为146.2、118.6 g/L,较优化前提高了12.1%和4.2%,副产物乙酸减少到1.05 g/L,葡萄糖酸亚铁的添加有效增强了菌体活力,提高了羟脯氨酸的产量和糖酸转化率,为微生物发酵生产羟脯氨酸提供了依据。

葡萄糖酸钠对硅磷酸钾镁水泥基本性能的影响

硅磷酸钾镁水泥(MSPPC)是一种新型高性能磷酸镁水泥,与使用酸性磷酸二氢钾制成的普通磷酸钾镁水泥(MKPC)不同,其必要原材料包括碱性磷酸氢二钾、氧化镁和硅灰。MKPC不掺缓凝剂难以制备,而MSPPC由于凝结时间较长,无需使用缓凝剂即可制备,硬化后具有比MKPC更优异的力学性能,但其工作性能尚未能很好满足实际工程应用需求,可通过缓凝剂用量来调节凝结时间和流动性。硼砂是磷酸镁水泥常用的缓凝剂,但其具有潜在的毒性迫使人们需要寻找一种安全有效的替代品。本工作研究了葡萄糖酸钠(SG)掺量对MSPPC工作性能、抗压强度、水化温度、pH值、物相组成、孔隙率和微观形貌的影响,并建立了缓凝机理模型。结果表明,SG掺量越高,缓凝效果越显著,当SG掺量为6%时,初凝时间由12 min延长至30 min;净浆流动度由84 mm提升至142 mm;大于0.1μm的孔占比减少,有效改善了孔径分布;水化产物的种类未发生改变,但3 d的抗压强度由64.3 MPa下降到53.9 MPa,下降了16.2%,而56 d的抗压强度下降了6.99%,不利影响减小。

Multifunctional Sodium Gluconate Electrolyte Additive Enabling Highly Reversible Zn Anodes

Sodium gluconate(SG)is reported as an electrolyte additive for rechargeable aqueous zinc batteries.The SG addition is proposed to modulate the nucleation overpotential and plating behaviors of Zn by forming a shielding buffer layer because of the adsorption priority and large steric hindrance effect,which contributes to limited rampant Zn^(2+)diffusion and mitigated hydrogen evolution and corrosion.With the introduction of 30 mmol/L SG in 2 mol/L ZnSO_(4)electrolyte,the Zn anode harvests a reversible cycling of 1200 h at 5 mA/cm^(2)and a high average Coulombic efficiency of Zn plating/stripping(99.6%).Full cells coupling Zn anode with V_(2)O_(5)·1.6H_(2)O or polyaniline cathode far surpass the SG additivefree batteries in terms of cycle stability and rate capability.This work provides an inspiration for design of a high-effective and low-cost electrolyte additive towards Zn-based energy storage devices.