Effects of Different Grinding Methods on the Quality of Soybean Bean Milk

[Objectives] This study was conducted to improve the nutritional value of soybean milk, enrich the variety and taste of soybean milk, and find healthy food that is more conducive to people s nutritional needs. [Methods] Whole soybean milk was prepared by grinding with a grinding wheel at a low concentration (low-concentration grinding) and a stainless steel mill at a high concentration (high-concentration grinding). The sensory, physical and chemical characteristics and anti-nutritional factors of whole soybean milk produced by different grinding methods were studied. [Results] Compared with low-concentration grinding, the protein content in soybean milk prepared by high-concentration grinding increased by 24%, and the dietary fiber content increased by 74.7%. Before and after high-pressure homogenization, the particle size D(4, 3) of soybean milk prepared by low-concentration grinding was 212.1 and 93.59 μm, respectively, and the particle size D(4, 3) of soybean milk prepared by high-concentration grinding was 134.0 and 64.64 μm, respectively. The trypsin inhibitor activity and phytic acid content of soybean milk prepared by high-concentration grinding were significantly lower than those of soybean milk prepared by low-concentration grinding. [Conclusions] This study improves the diet structure of the broad masses of people, strengthens people s physique, and provides a new idea for the implementation and development of China s "Soybean Action Programme".

Comparison of Different Extraction Methods of Genomic DNA of Raw Soybean Milk

[Objective] The paper was too explore and compare methods of DNA extraction from raw soybean milk.[Method] Taken the soybean milk purchased from market as the material,pyrolysis method,isopropanol precipitation method,CTAB method,SDS method,high-salt low-pH and guanidine isothiocyanate method,as well as their improved methods were used to extract genomic DNA,and the extraction effects of these methods were compared by detecting the DNA using optical density,agarosegel electrophoresis and polymerase chain reaction（PCR）methods.[Result] The genomic DNA extracted by all methods except isopropanol precipitation method could be used in PCR reaction.Meanwhile,the high DNA concentration and purity will be gained by different methods in the order of high-salt low-pH method,high-salt low-pH method,improved CTAB method,improved isopropanol precipitation method,guanidine isothiocyanate method and improved pyrolysis method.[Conclusion] These methods are simply to operate,fast to gain results,and suitable for the extraction of total DNA from raw soybean milk.

Effect of Diet Supplementation with Combinations of Soybean and Linseed Oils on Milk Production and Fatty Acid Profile in Lactating Dairy Ewes

Thirty-six Pampinta ewes were used in a completely randomized design to examine the effectiveness of soybean (SO) and linseed (LO) oils to reduce the concentration of the atherogenic fatty acids (FA) of milk (C12:0 to C16:0) and increase the content of conjugated linoleic (cis-9, trans-11 C18:2) also called rumenic acid (RA) and vaccenic acids (trans-11C18:1, VA). Six ewes per treatment received a Control diet alone (71% alfalfa hay and 29% concentrate) or supplemented (0.24 kg/ewe·day) with pure oils (SO100 or LO100) or their blend at (%) SO75-LO25, SO50-LO50 and SO25-LO75. Milk yield, milk fat content and milk fat secretion were not affected. Milk protein content resulted higher in SO75-LO25, SO50-LO50 and SO25-LO75 without changes in milk protein yield. Total solid content of milk tended (p p p < 0.001) by oils reaching a minimum value of 1.89 in LO100. Feeding polyunsaturated oils at 7% of total dry matter (DM) intake did not affect the productive response of dairy ewes resulting in an effective tool to improve the healthy value of milk fat. The SO50-LO50 blend showed the highest number of healthy changes in milk FA composition.

Increasing Conjugated Linoleic Acid Content in Milk and Cheese after Supplementing a Blend of Crude Soybean Oil Sediment Combined with Fish Oil to Grazing Dairy Cows

The aim of the work was to improve the healthy value of milk and cheese fatty acids (FA) by feeding a mix of crude soybean oil sediment (CSOS) combined with fish oil (FO) to grazing dairy cows. The CSOS is a by-product commonly discarded after oil extraction containing 3.3% moisture, 6% total ash and 70.7% oil, locally available, comparatively economic and easy to mix with other feed ingredients. The experiment lasted 55 days from September 30th to November 23th 2018 and was carried out at the dairy farm “Gacef” provider of milk to the dairy industrial plant “Capilla Del Señor” (CDS) located at the Villa María City, Córdoba Province, Argentine. A herd of 80 multiparous Holstein cows producing 24 kg-1 milk·cow-1·day-1 was used. The cows grazed an alfalfa and an oat pasture that represented about 47% of total dry matter (DM) intake supplemented at 8.5 kg DM·cow-1·day-1 with a total mixed ration (TMR) composed (DM basis) by cracked corn grain (35.18%), whole plant corn silage (31.98%), pelletized soyben meal (17.99%), the CSOS supplement (13.85%) and FO (0.99%). The TMR was supplied by halves after each milking time in groupal feeders yielding 1.4 kg·cow-1·day-1 of the CSOS and 0.1 kg·cow-1·day-1 of FO. Before the start of lipid supplementation, milk samples (5) were obtained from the farm-tank representing the standar or reference milk (Ref-Milk). After 21 days of supplementary lipid supply, additional milk samples (5) were obtained representing the modified milk (Mod-Milk). Milk samples were analyzed for chemical composition and milk FA profile. At each time, sufficient quantities of both (Ref- and Mod-Milk) were collected for manufacturing six types of cheeses. The results were analyzed through the Student-T test for independent observations. Oil supplementation did not modify (P > 0.05) the chemical composition of milk. Concentration of butyric acid (C4:0) in milk was not affected (P < 0.858). Concentration of total saturated FA (SFAs) in Ref-Milk averaged 58.83 g 100 g-1 FA and was decreased to 49.67 g 100 g-1 FA in Mod-Milk (P < 0.0001). Monounsaturated FA (MUFAs) increased (P < 0.001) from 32.03 g 100 g-1 FA in Ref-Milk to 38.13 g 100 g-1 FA in Mod-Milk (+19.07%) whereas polyunsaturated FA (PUFAs) increased (+36.1%) from 4.71 to 6.41 (P < 0.004). The Mod-Milk showed a significant (P < 0.002) reduction (-15.3% or 5.9 g 100 g-1 FA) for the total concentration of the potentially atherogenic fraction of milk FA (C12:0 to C16:0). The atherogenic index (AI) also decreased (P < 0.012) from 1.98 in Ref-Milk to 1.42 in Mod-Milk (-28.4%). Concentration of vaccenic acid (VA, trans-11 C18:1) in Mod-Milk averaged 7.77 g 100 g-1 FA which represented a 162 % increase (P < 0.0001) over that observed in Ref-Milk (2.95 g 100 g-1). Concentration of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA, cis-9, trans-11 C18:2) in Ref-Milk averaged 1.47 g 100 g-1 FA and showed an important increase (P < 0.002) in the Mod-Milk (3.86 g 100 g-1 FA, +163%). The omega 6/3 ratio resulted lower (P < 0.012) in the Ref-Milk (2.28) compared to the Mod-Milk (2.83). Milk and cheese FA composition were highly correlated (R2 = 0.99, P < 0.0001). The Mod-Cheeses showed similar results in AI, total concentration of SFAs, MUFAs and PUFAs compared to the milk of origin. Differences in FA composition between the cheeses made with the Ref- and Mod-Milk were equivalent to those described for milks. It is concluded that supplementation with a blend of CSOS supplement and FO was an effective way to improve the healthy value of dairy products by reducing contents of SFAs, atherogenic FAs and the atherogenicity index with a concomitant increase in VA and CLA. Modifications induced in the Mod-Milk were recovered in the Mod-Cheeses. The results obtained may help to reduce saturated fat intake and fight or prevent incidence of non-communicable, cardiovascular and chronic diseases.

Effects of a soybean milk product on feto-neonatal development in rats

Since estrogenic pollutants and phytoestrogens can cause the disorder of the reproductive system, the effects of a soybean milk product（Vegemil^（？） containing 162 ppm isoflavones） on the feto-neonatal development, including male reproductive function, were investigated. Pregnant rats were fed the soybean milk（5% or 100% in drinking water）from gestational day（GD） 6 to parturition or to post-natal day（PND） 56. Specifically, the rats were divided into 4 groups： the control group（drinking water）, the GD5% group（5% soybean milk during only the GD period）, the GDPND5% group（5% soybean milk during the GD and PND periods）, and the GD-PND100% group（100% soybean milk instead of water during the GD and PND periods）. During the gestational, lactational, and developmental periods, the reproductive and developmental parameters of dams and offspring were observed. Feeding soybean milk did not affect the birth and physical development of both male and female offspring. At PND57, the weights of the testes and epididymides of F1 males significantly increased by feeding a high concentration of the soybean milk（GDPND100%）. In addition, feeding of the soybean milk during both the GD and PND periods（GD-PND5% and GDPND100%） enhanced the sperm counts and motility. The results indicate that soybean milk is safe for embryos,fetuses, and offspring, and improves the post-generational development of male reproductive function.

Key Points for Revision of IEC Standards Relating to Safety of Soybean Milk Machines

The electrical safety requirements of soybean milk machines with Chinese food cooking characteristics and thefunctions of liquid heating and material crushing cannot be simply constituted by combining liquid heater standard （IEC 60335-2-15） and kitchen appliances standard （IEC 60335-2-14）. The alternating operation of rotation and heating and the antiburnt function may be the special features of safety and performance of soybean milk machines, so it is necessary to take into account those special features in the current standards by some means.

Antioxidant effect of Lactobacillus fermentum HFY02-fermented soy milk on D-galactose-induced aging mouse model

This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant effect of soybean milk fermented by a new type of Lactobacillus fermentum(LF-HFY02)by using D-galactose induced aging mice model.Firstly,the optimal fermentation conditions was screened out by detecting the effects of different fermentation temperature and time on the active components and antioxidant activity of soybean milk in viro.And then unfermented soybean milk and the soybean milk fermented by different Lactobacillus was given by gavage to D-galactose-induced aging mouse.The activities of GSH,GSH-Px,SOD,CAT and T-AOC in serum,brain and liver of soybean milk fermented by LF-HFY02 were significantly increased,while the content of MDA and the level of AGEs in hippocampal were significantly decreased compared with D-galactose induced group.Further more,the mRNA expression of GSH and SOD in mouse liver were obviously up-regulated by soybean milk fermented by LF-HFY02.The skin tissue structure of mice in the LF-HFY02 fermented soybean milk group was more complete,the collagen fibers were increased and arranged orderly and liver inflammation has improved compared with the model group.And Western blot analysis showed that LF-HFY02 effectively upregulated EGFR,SOD and GSH protein expression in mouse liver.These findings suggest that LF-HFY02 can effectively prevent D-galactose-induced oxidation and aging in mice,and the effect was even better than that of the Lactobacillus delbruechii subsp.bulgaricus and vitamin C.Thus,LF-HFY02 may be potentially employed as a probiotic strain.In conclusion,soybean milk fermented by LF-HFY02 can increase the content of antioxidant factors and the activity of antioxidant enzymes by regulating gene and protein expression,and finally inhibit the process of tissue cell peroxidation,and improve the oxidative damage of mouse skin and liver.The results could provide a basis for the research and development and industrial production of probiotic-related fermented soybean milk products.

Effect of Various Sources of Fat Ingredients on the Properties of Goat Milk Ice Cream

Goat milk ice cream was made with various sources of fat ingredients such as cream, soybean oil, rice bran oil and butter with the purpose of seeking the fat ingredient source instead of fat source from cow origin. The physical properties and the sensory evaluation of ice cream were then investigated. The firmness of goat milk ice cream mixed with rice bran oil, butter and cream were not significantly different before aging at 4 ℃ for 8 h. All of them gave the overrun between 51%-63% and the one with butter was the highest. The meltdown rate of all types of fat ingredients are not significantly different, being in the range of 0.86-0.88 g/min. According to sensory evaluation, the cow milk ice cream with cream was mostly accepted in all attributes such as appearance, smoothness, whiteness, melting in mouth and odor while the goat milk with cream and butter are the second and third. Nevertheless, the goat milk ice cream with soybean oil and rice bran oil were moderately accepted in overall preferences.

植物基乳产业的发展趋势与技术创新

植物基乳产品作为植物基食品产业的重要组成部分,其发展水平对促进植物基食品产业有着举足轻重的作用。分析了全球植物基乳产品的市场规模和我国植物乳产品的市场情况:2023年,全球规模为296亿美元,并以11.4%的速度增长;我国植物基饮品包括豆奶、椰奶、核桃乳、杏仁乳等呈稳定性增长趋势,粉体类产品市场也较稳定(达30万t)。指出植物基乳作为未来食品需要进一步完善定义,充分体现植物基乳特征和属性要求;要加大力度开发满足新消费场景和渠道的新技术、新产品,解决消费者关心的植物基乳产品口味、价格和清洁标签等关键问题,加快植物基酸奶、冷饮等技术的成熟和落地,并通过开发满足不同消费场景、特殊营养、健康需求的产品,为植物基乳产品价值和市场竞争力赋能,创立多元化的植物基乳产业发展新模式。

豆浆豆腥味形成机理及其去除方法的研究进展

豆浆是一种营养价值丰富且能防治高血脂、高血压、动脉硬化、缺铁性贫血等疾病的理想植物蛋白饮料,经常食用可以增进和保护人体健康,甚至可以作为预防新冠的优质食品。但是大豆中天然存在的豆腥味降低了消费者的接受度,同时也限制了豆制品进一步的研发。本文针对能对豆浆豆腥味有贡献的挥发性化合物(醛类、醇类、呋喃类、酮类)及导致其形成的反应途径进行了系统的综述,并进一步阐述了豆腥味对豆浆开发的影响。随后从物理、化学、生物、遮蔽四个方面探讨了豆浆去腥工艺的发展现状,对当前豆腥味研究中存在的问题以及未来的研究方向做了归纳与展望,以期为开发低豆腥或无豆腥味豆制品及推动大豆类产品消费提供理论依据。

乳清蛋白粉与豆乳不同质量比对凝固型沙棘酸奶品质的影响

以1 L鲜牛乳质量为基准,向其中加入乳清蛋白粉(WPP)、豆乳、沙棘果汁及菌种,混合发酵制备凝固型沙棘酸奶,探究WPP与豆乳不同质量比(WPP与豆乳总质量100 g,A组4∶0,B组3∶1,C组2∶2,D组1∶3,E组0∶4,F组不添加WPP和豆乳,G组不加沙棘果汁、WPP和豆乳)对凝固型沙棘酸奶理化特性、微观结构、质构特性及感官品质的影响。结果表明:B、C、D、E组酸奶发酵时间约为5 h,A、F、G组酸奶发酵时间约为6 h;各组酸奶脂肪含量差异不大,E组酸奶蛋白质含量最高,为4.55%;A组酸奶的持水力最高,为98.02%±0.05%;C组酸奶(硬度0.45 N±0.03 N,胶着性0.47 N±0.02 N,咀嚼性6.32±0.41,黏附性0.57 N·s±0.07 N·s)的质地和微观结构最佳,且C组在贮存3 d时的感官评分最高,为88.8。

大豆油体替代牛乳脂肪对牛乳稳定性及其酸乳品质的影响

本研究首先从大豆种籽中提取大豆油体,然后将大豆油体替代牛乳中的脂肪,探讨大豆油体替代牛乳脂肪乳在不同环境下的稳定性,最后将大豆油体替代牛乳脂肪乳进行酸乳加工,以无水奶油替代牛乳脂肪乳及牛乳进行对照,考察大豆油体替代牛乳脂肪乳对牛乳稳定性及酸乳品质的影响。结果表明,大豆油体替代牛乳脂肪乳、无水奶油替代牛乳脂肪乳及牛乳在pH 2.0和4.0时,粒径较大。在pH 2.0~10.0,大豆油体替代牛乳脂肪乳的粒径显著高于无水奶油替代牛乳脂肪乳及牛乳的粒径(P<0.05)。除200 mmol/L外,在NaCl浓度0~500 mmol/L条件下,大豆油体替代牛乳脂肪乳的平均粒径显著高于无水奶油替代牛乳脂肪乳及牛乳的粒径(P<0.05),但是3种乳液油滴均没有明显的聚集,表现较稳定。在不同热处理温度条件下,大豆油体替代牛乳脂肪乳、无水奶油替代牛乳脂肪乳及牛乳都具有较高的热稳定性。大豆油体替代牛乳脂肪乳经过6 h发酵后其pH值能达到酸乳的理想pH值4.5左右,而且用时较无水奶油替代牛乳脂肪乳及牛乳短。大豆油体替代牛奶脂肪乳发酵形成的酸乳黏度显著高于无水奶油替代牛乳脂肪乳及牛乳发酵的酸乳的黏度(P<0.05),而且酸乳的感官和质地均较好。本研究可为大豆油体替代牛乳脂肪进行乳制品加工提供参考。

苦荞芽粉对大豆生乳腥味的影响及应用研究

目的研究苦荞芽粉对大豆生乳腥味的影响及其在大豆大樱桃酸奶中的应用。方法通过单因素实验探究苦荞芽粉的添加量、作用温度及作用时间对大豆脂肪氧合酶酶活、总醛含量和感官评分的影响,用正交实验优化工艺参数,再以感官评分、大豆总醛含量和脂肪氧合酶活性为验证指标,验证苦荞芽粉对大豆生乳脱腥效果。大豆生乳脱腥后加入大樱桃浆发酵得到大豆大樱桃酸奶,并与未脱腥处理发酵的大豆大樱桃酸奶进行对比。结果苦荞芽粉能抑制大豆脂肪氧合酶的活性,减少大豆总醛的产生,有效降低大豆生乳的腥味。苦荞芽粉用量、作用温度和时间对大豆总醛含量有显著影响(P<0.05)。最佳脱腥参数:作用温度为45℃,作用时间为2.5 h,苦荞芽粉添加量为2%,此条件下试验组比对照组总醛含量降低59%,脂肪氧合酶活性降低85%,大豆生乳豆香味浓郁,无腥味,口感细腻,无苦涩味,色泽均匀,感官评价为8.2分,显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。制成的大豆大樱桃酸奶呈粉红色、香气浓郁、口感细腻,感官评分(86.00分)显著高于对照组,蛋白质含量为3.59 g/100 g、脂肪为2.73 g/100 g、乳酸菌4.9×10^(8)CFU/mL,大肠杆菌没有检出,其余各项指标均达到国家标准要求。结论在大豆生乳中添加苦荞芽粉能抑制脂肪氧合酶酶活,降低总醛含量,有效降低了大豆腥味,经苦荞芽粉脱腥处理后的大豆生乳制成的大豆大樱桃酸奶品质更高,这可为提高大豆制品的食用品质及相关食品的开发和应用提供参考。

发酵乳杆菌对灭菌豆浆中晚期糖化终末产物形成的影响

豆浆含有优质蛋白质、必需脂肪酸和大量维生素,其经过巴氏杀菌或超高温处理会促进还原糖和蛋白质之间的糖基化反应,产生糖基化产物和晚期糖化终末产物(advanced glycation end products,AGEs),进而对人类健康造成威胁。为提高豆浆的品质,该文利用发酵乳杆菌(Lactobacillus fermentum)发酵豆浆,探究发酵乳杆菌对灭菌豆浆AGEs含量的影响。结果表明,经L.fermentum发酵灭菌后的豆浆,荧光强度降低12%~17%。发酵豆浆可减少羰基化对蛋白二级结构的破坏,α-螺旋转变成β-折叠和无规卷曲。同时,发酵使灭菌豆浆的异黄酮含量从274.43μg/mL提升至351.83μg/mL;发酵乳杆菌发酵豆浆与豆浆相比,可显著提高抗氧化活性。综上所述,乳酸菌可抑制食品加工过程中AGEs的形成。

无腥大豆加工酸豆奶工艺条件的研究

试验利用无腥味大豆为主要原料生产酸豆奶 ,通过正交试验确定了无腥大豆加工酸豆奶的最佳工艺条件。结果表明 ,大豆与水之比为 1∶10 ,乳酸菌数为 16× 10 4 个 /mL ,添加葡萄糖 5 %、蔗糖 4 %、牛奶 30 %和稳定剂 0 .2 % ,在 4 0℃发酵 5h ,可制得色泽洁白 ,组织细腻 ,香味浓郁 ,口感好 ,无豆腥味 。

豆乳酒发酵条件优化

该文对豆乳酶解液发酵制酒的酿造工艺进行了初步的探讨,通过单因素试验、正交试验,确定出该产品的最佳生产工艺。结果表明,大豆与水1∶10制成的豆乳中加入12000 U/L的木瓜蛋白酶,pH 7.0,60℃水解6 h,水解液中接种0.15‰葡萄酵母菌,加入18%的蔗糖,用柠檬酸调发酵液pH值3.4,在25～27℃下发酵7～9 d,经陈酿后研制出的豆乳酒风味纯正,酒体丰满,口感、稳定性均较好,不仅含有大豆的营养物质,还有发酵酒的芳香,为充分利用大豆资源开辟了一条新途径。

一种替代牛奶的发酵型酸奶-发酵酸豆奶的研制

以植物蛋白源大豆为主要原料完全或部分替代动物蛋白源牛奶,经调配、均质、杀菌、发酵等工艺,考察了泡豆时间、菌种发酵时间及大豆和奶粉的质量比等因素对产品口感和风味的影响。通过正交实验对发酵酸豆奶进行工艺优化,得到了最佳工艺参数:泡豆时间为8h、发酵时间为6h、大豆和奶粉的质量比例为3∶7、白砂糖9%、乳糖3%、山梨酸钾0·03%、稳定剂RD0·4%。在此工艺下制得的发酵酸豆奶色泽和口感俱佳,稳定性较高。

豆奶稳定性的研究

本文从工艺条件、乳化剂和增稠剂的选择入手,研究豆奶的稳定性。结果表明:不同配方的乳化剂、增稠剂对豆奶稳定性有不同的影响,配方以蛋白质含量1.2%、复合乳化剂为0.1%、复合增稠剂为0.125%的豆奶,在30mPa、80℃均质两次,高温瞬时杀菌加反压冷却,其稳定性最好,保存期可达3个月以上。

牛奶、大豆蛋白复合酸奶的研制

为了实现动物蛋白和植物蛋白的营养优势互补,将大豆分离蛋白溶解液替代部分牛奶制备发酵酸奶,并对质量的影响因素进行了研究。结果表明,大豆分离蛋白液的适宜浓度为14%,大豆蛋白液替代度为30%,稳定剂的用量为瓜尔豆胶0.15%。黄原胶0.05%,蔗糖添加量为7%。接种量为3%。

不同处理大豆蛋白源代乳料哺育早期断奶羔羊的效果

以奶粉人工哺育的羔羊作为消化代谢试验对照,以自然哺乳的羔羊作为生长发育对照,以两种以处理大豆为主要蛋白源的代乳料人工哺育的羔羊为试验处理组,总共4组小尾寒羊(♀)和萨福克(♂)杂一代羔羊进行饲养试验。结果表明:1.人工哺乳初期,羔羊对以植物性蛋白为主的代乳料不适应,人工哺乳生长速度低,但随着日龄的增加,羔羊对代乳料有了一定的适应性,同时对粗料的摄入增加,生长速度加快,到47日龄体重达到或超过自然哺乳羔羊。人工哺乳羔羊没有出现生长停滞现象。2.两处理组代乳料的氨基酸平衡不如奶粉。17～22日龄羔羊对处理大豆代乳料各养分的消化率低于奶粉。3.刚开始用代乳料或奶粉人工哺育时各组羔羊都会发生腹泻,22日龄之后除膨化大豆组两只羔羊出现腹泻外,其它组羔羊均无腹泻现象出现。