Cellular Fatty Acids as Chemical Markers for Differentiation of Acinetobacter baumannii and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus

Objective Gas chromatography （GC） was used to investigate the cellular fatty acid （CFA） composition of 141 Acinetobacter boumannii and 32 A. calcoaceticus isolates from different locations in China and to find chemical markers to differentiate these two closely related bacteria. Methods Whole cell fatty acid methyl esters （FAMEs） were obtained by saponification, methylation, and extraction for GC analysis, followed by a standardized Microbial Identification System （MIS） analysis. Results All A. baumannii and A. calcoaceticus strains contained some major fatty acids, namely, 18：1 co9c, 16：0, Sum In Feature 3, 12：0, 17：1co8c, 3-OH-12：0, 17：0, Sum In Feature 2, 2-OH-12：0, and 18：0 compounds. Although most of the total CFAs are similar between A. baumannii and A. calcoaceticus strains, the ratios of two pairs of CFAs, i.e., Sum In Feature 3/18：1 co9c versus 16：0/18：1 co9c and Sum In Feature 3/18：1 co9c versus unknown 12.484/18：1 co9c fatty acids, could differentiate these two closely related bacteria. A. baumannii could be easily classified into two subgroups by plotting some ratios such as Sum In Feature 3/16：0 versus 17：0 and Sum In Feature 3/2-OH-12：0 versus17：0 fatty acids. Conclusion The ratios of some CFAs could be used as chemical markers to distinguish A. baumannii from A. colcoaceticus.

不动杆菌属Calcoaceticus的耐药机理

作者对临床上分离出的10株A·calcoaceticus研究其耐药型式,并就其中对β—内酰胺酶低敏感性的1株,进一步分离出对β—内酰胺剂耐药的变异株,探讨其耐药机理。方法在临床分离的10株A·calcoaceticus(#4 751～#4 760)中,选择β—内酰胺酶合成少,对β—内酰胺剂敏感性高的#4 760株,分离出对CFX、CPZ、CAZ耐药的变异株,即M4 760F、M4 760P、M4 760A。结果MIC可将临床分离的10株分成2组:敏感株8株,耐药株2株。敏感株的IPM、CFX、CPZ、CAZ、CER的MIC分别为0.20,50,25,1.56,50μg/ml(#4 760),而耐药株上述药物的MIC则分别为0.78,800,800,12.5,】1600μg/ml(#4 751)。β—内酰胺酶活性耐药株为敏感株的100倍。上述全部菌株,无论酶活性高低,均可合成β—

异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)源醋酸钙不动杆菌表型及分子鉴定

采用常规的培养特征、理化特性及分子生物学的方法,对从濒死异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)血液中分离到的菌株SY-1进行了致病性、表型生物学、分子生物学及药敏试验的系统研究。结果表明,该菌株在盐度5—30、pH6—8,温度10—42℃的LB液体培养基中均能生长,具有脲酶。该菌株16SrRNA基因序列(Gen Bank登录存取号:JX164201,长度1435bp)与其它不动杆菌属菌的16SrRNA基因同源性相似性在99%—100%之间,构建系统发育树确定该菌株为醋酸钙不动杆菌(Acinetobacter calcoaceticus)。人工回感可导致异育银鲫死亡。药敏试验结果显示:对恩诺沙星、强力霉素、萘啶酸、复方新诺明、氧氟沙星等10种抗生素敏感;对羧苄青霉素、诺氟沙星、大观霉素、卡那霉素、四环素等14种抗生素中度敏感;对氨苄西林、苯唑西林、林可霉素、万古霉素、氟苯尼考等15种抗生素耐药。

Delftia tsuruhatensis AD9苯胺双加氧酶基因的过量表达及多功能降解工程菌的构建

Delftia tsuruhatensis AD9和Acinetobacter calcoaceticus PHEA-2分别能利用苯胺和苯酚作为唯一碳源生长,降解的第一个中间产物均为邻苯二酚,随后裂解为参与三羧酸循环的中间产物。通过PCR方法克隆到苯胺高效降解菌AD9的苯胺双加氧酶基因,并构建表达苯胺双加氧酶的广宿主质粒载体pVD,通过三亲接合,导入到AD9和PHEA-2中。对两种重组菌中苯胺双氧酶基因的表达及苯胺降解特性的分析结果表明,增加苯胺双加氧酶基因的拷贝数可以提高野生型AD9的苯胺降解速率,同时该基因的表达使PHEA-2菌获得苯胺降解能力。

耐低温异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌的分离鉴定及脱氮特性

作为新型脱氮工艺的异养硝化-好氧反硝化目前已受到研究者的广泛关注,但由于低温条件下微生物活性低导致脱氮效果差,为攻克低温条件下微生物生长缓慢、脱氮效率低的难点,本研究从呼和浩特污水厂及天然湿地沉积物分离得到6株具有异养硝化-好氧反硝化能力的细菌。其中菌株TY1在8℃下对单一氮源氨氮(106 mg/L)、硝酸盐氮(70 mg/L)和亚硝酸盐氮(35 mg/L)的去除率分别为97.47%、81.85%、97.51%,最大去除速率分别为5.61、3.75、2.74 mg/(L·h);菌株TY1对混合氮源氨氮(50 mg/L)和硝酸盐氮(50 mg/L)的去除率分别为99.25%、43.63%;对混合氮源氨氮(50 mg/L)和亚硝酸盐氮(50 mg/L)的去除率分别为91.60%、29.38%。证明菌株TY1具有低温高效脱氮特性,经鉴定为Acinetobacter calcoaceticus,其在废水脱氮处理过程中具有良好的潜在应用价值。