在轨服务与维护是未来航天技术的重要发展方向.在轨服务如燃料加注、剪切与操作电线、旋拧盖子和拆装阀门等任务,具有负载轻、近距离感知及精准定位和抓取等特点.针对这些应用场景,采用轻量化机械臂Kinova及自带彩色和深度(red,green,bl...在轨服务与维护是未来航天技术的重要发展方向.在轨服务如燃料加注、剪切与操作电线、旋拧盖子和拆装阀门等任务,具有负载轻、近距离感知及精准定位和抓取等特点.针对这些应用场景,采用轻量化机械臂Kinova及自带彩色和深度(red,green,blue and depth,RGBD)相机进行感知、定位和抓取,完成地面验证实验,为在轨服务提供理论支持.介绍了机械臂抓取系统的研究背景并描述开发平台及其特点,以及相机标定、彩色相机与深度相机配准原理.利用机器人操作系统(robot operating system,ROS)的坐标变换树得到彩色图像目标像素在世界坐标系的坐标位置.针对特定的抓取对象提出基于色调、饱和度和亮度(hue,saturation and value,HSV)颜色空间图像分割方法,进行目标检测、分割以及空间定位,实验环节机械臂根据视觉定位结果完成目标抓取过程,证明了颜色空间图像分割方法和深度图结合定位的有效性,为在轨服务提供了理论验证.展开更多
A novel and effective self-calibration approach for robot vision is presented, which can effectively estimate both the camera intrinsic parameters and the hand-eye transformation at the same time. The proposed calibra...A novel and effective self-calibration approach for robot vision is presented, which can effectively estimate both the camera intrinsic parameters and the hand-eye transformation at the same time. The proposed calibration procedure is based on two arbitrary feature points of the environment, and three pure translational motions and two rotational motions of robot endeffector are needed. New linear solution equations are deduced,and the calibration parameters are finally solved accurately and effectively. The proposed algorithm has been verified by simulated data with different noise and disturbance. Because of the need of fewer feature points and robot motions, the proposed method greatly improves the efficiency and practicality of the calibration procedure.展开更多
This paper intends to introduce the active vision system with autonomous robot competition in the background. It presents some characteristics of the human oculomotor system in active machine vision system: smooth pur...This paper intends to introduce the active vision system with autonomous robot competition in the background. It presents some characteristics of the human oculomotor system in active machine vision system: smooth pursuit and saccade. Besides, zoom tracking is used to continuous adjustment of a camera's focal length to keep a constant sized image of an object moving along the camera's optical axis. Experiments indicate the technology to be efficient for tracking the ball in the robot competition.展开更多
Accurate stereo vision calibration is a preliminary step towards high-precision visual posi- tioning of robot. Combining with the characteristics of genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO), a ...Accurate stereo vision calibration is a preliminary step towards high-precision visual posi- tioning of robot. Combining with the characteristics of genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO), a three-stage calibration method based on hybrid intelligent optimization is pro- posed for nonlinear camera models in this paper. The motivation is to improve the accuracy of the calibration process. In this approach, the stereo vision calibration is considered as an optimization problem that can be solved by the GA and PSO. The initial linear values can be obtained in the frost stage. Then in the second stage, two cameras' parameters are optimized separately. Finally, the in- tegrated optimized calibration of two models is obtained in the third stage. Direct linear transforma- tion (DLT), GA and PSO are individually used in three stages. It is shown that the results of every stage can correctly find near-optimal solution and it can be used to initialize the next stage. Simula- tion analysis and actual experimental results indicate that this calibration method works more accu- rate and robust in noisy environment compared with traditional calibration methods. The proposed method can fulfill the requirements of robot sophisticated visual operation.展开更多
A real-time arc welding robot visual control system based on a local network with a multi-level hierarchy is developed in this paper. It consists of an intelligence and human-machine interface level, a motion planning...A real-time arc welding robot visual control system based on a local network with a multi-level hierarchy is developed in this paper. It consists of an intelligence and human-machine interface level, a motion planning level, a motion control level and a servo control level. The last three levels form a local real-time open robot controller, which realizes motion planning and motion control of a robot. A camera calibration method based on the relative movement of the end-effector connected to a robot is proposed and a method for tracking weld seam based on the structured light stereovision is provided. Combining the parameters of the cameras and laser plane, three groups of position values in Cartesian space are obtained for each feature point in a stripe projected on the weld seam. The accurate three-dimensional position of the edge points in the weld seam can be calculated from the obtained parameters with an information fusion algorithm. By calculating the weld seam parameter from position and image data, the movement parameters of the robot used for tracking can be determined. A swing welding experiment of type V groove weld is successfully conducted, the results of which show that the system has high resolution seam tracking in real-time, and works stably and efficiently.展开更多
文摘在轨服务与维护是未来航天技术的重要发展方向.在轨服务如燃料加注、剪切与操作电线、旋拧盖子和拆装阀门等任务,具有负载轻、近距离感知及精准定位和抓取等特点.针对这些应用场景,采用轻量化机械臂Kinova及自带彩色和深度(red,green,blue and depth,RGBD)相机进行感知、定位和抓取,完成地面验证实验,为在轨服务提供理论支持.介绍了机械臂抓取系统的研究背景并描述开发平台及其特点,以及相机标定、彩色相机与深度相机配准原理.利用机器人操作系统(robot operating system,ROS)的坐标变换树得到彩色图像目标像素在世界坐标系的坐标位置.针对特定的抓取对象提出基于色调、饱和度和亮度(hue,saturation and value,HSV)颜色空间图像分割方法,进行目标检测、分割以及空间定位,实验环节机械臂根据视觉定位结果完成目标抓取过程,证明了颜色空间图像分割方法和深度图结合定位的有效性,为在轨服务提供了理论验证.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61379097,61401463,61100098)Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS
文摘A novel and effective self-calibration approach for robot vision is presented, which can effectively estimate both the camera intrinsic parameters and the hand-eye transformation at the same time. The proposed calibration procedure is based on two arbitrary feature points of the environment, and three pure translational motions and two rotational motions of robot endeffector are needed. New linear solution equations are deduced,and the calibration parameters are finally solved accurately and effectively. The proposed algorithm has been verified by simulated data with different noise and disturbance. Because of the need of fewer feature points and robot motions, the proposed method greatly improves the efficiency and practicality of the calibration procedure.
基金the High Technology Research and Development Program of China
文摘This paper intends to introduce the active vision system with autonomous robot competition in the background. It presents some characteristics of the human oculomotor system in active machine vision system: smooth pursuit and saccade. Besides, zoom tracking is used to continuous adjustment of a camera's focal length to keep a constant sized image of an object moving along the camera's optical axis. Experiments indicate the technology to be efficient for tracking the ball in the robot competition.
文摘Accurate stereo vision calibration is a preliminary step towards high-precision visual posi- tioning of robot. Combining with the characteristics of genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO), a three-stage calibration method based on hybrid intelligent optimization is pro- posed for nonlinear camera models in this paper. The motivation is to improve the accuracy of the calibration process. In this approach, the stereo vision calibration is considered as an optimization problem that can be solved by the GA and PSO. The initial linear values can be obtained in the frost stage. Then in the second stage, two cameras' parameters are optimized separately. Finally, the in- tegrated optimized calibration of two models is obtained in the third stage. Direct linear transforma- tion (DLT), GA and PSO are individually used in three stages. It is shown that the results of every stage can correctly find near-optimal solution and it can be used to initialize the next stage. Simula- tion analysis and actual experimental results indicate that this calibration method works more accu- rate and robust in noisy environment compared with traditional calibration methods. The proposed method can fulfill the requirements of robot sophisticated visual operation.
基金This work was supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China under Grant 2002AA422160 by the National Key Fundamental Research and the Devel-opment Project of China (973) under Grant 2002CB312200.
文摘A real-time arc welding robot visual control system based on a local network with a multi-level hierarchy is developed in this paper. It consists of an intelligence and human-machine interface level, a motion planning level, a motion control level and a servo control level. The last three levels form a local real-time open robot controller, which realizes motion planning and motion control of a robot. A camera calibration method based on the relative movement of the end-effector connected to a robot is proposed and a method for tracking weld seam based on the structured light stereovision is provided. Combining the parameters of the cameras and laser plane, three groups of position values in Cartesian space are obtained for each feature point in a stripe projected on the weld seam. The accurate three-dimensional position of the edge points in the weld seam can be calculated from the obtained parameters with an information fusion algorithm. By calculating the weld seam parameter from position and image data, the movement parameters of the robot used for tracking can be determined. A swing welding experiment of type V groove weld is successfully conducted, the results of which show that the system has high resolution seam tracking in real-time, and works stably and efficiently.