Research on English Canadian Poetry in China,1982-2022:A Comprehensive Overview

The study of English Canadian poetry in Chinese academia began with translation in the 1950s.However,due to the country’s unique social,historical and cultural circumstances,the research stalled for approximately two decades before picking up again in the 1980s.Since the 1980s,it has transitioned from a process of pure translation to the combination of translation and criticism,meanwhile,the research perspectives and contents demonstrate a tendency of richness and diversification.The major findings suggest that,despite current emphasis on regional and national literary studies in Chinese academia,English Canadian poetry is still not received much attention.This study aims to investigate and review the research trends and focus of English Canadian poetry in China from 1982 to 2022 and to point out its achievements and limitations.

55th Annual Congress of Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation 2020

Time:June 7-10,2020,Venue:Banff,Alberta,Canada,Website:http://congress.cnsfederation.org/The 55th Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation(CNSF)Congress 2020 will take place in Banff,Alberta,Canada on June7-10,2020.This is a collegial meeting providing multidisciplinary courses relevant to all neuroscience specialties.

与天籁男伶相见在上海——专访The Canadian Tenors跨界组合

安德烈·波切利无疑有着敏锐的艺术和歌唱方面的嗅觉力。通常，他公开夸奖的歌手是不多的；而但凡被夸过的，则一定也拥有不容小觑的实力。“世界最完美的跨界古典与流行的男声组合”这句话夸的是来自加拿大的天籁男伶四人演唱组合（The canadian Tenors）。而这个组台．也是近年来在跨界歌坛走红速度飞快的团体。

Regional characteristics of sea ice thickness in Canadian shelf and Arctic Archipelago measured by Ground Penetrating Radar

Ground Penetrating Radar （GPR） measurements of sea ice thickness including undeformed ice and ridged ice were carried out in the central north Canadian Archipelago in spring 2010. Results have shown a significant spatial heterogeneity of sea ice thickness across the shelf. The undeformed multi-year fast ice of （2.05±0.09） m thick was investigated southern inshore zone of Borden island located at middle of the observational section, which was the observed maximum thickness in the field work. The less thick sea ice was sampled across a flaw lead with the thicknesses of （1.05±0.11） m for the pack ice and （1.24±0.13） m for the fast ice. At the northernmost spot of the section, the undeformed multi-year pack ice was （1.54±0.22） m thick with a ridged ice of 2.5 to 3 m, comparing to the multi-year fast ice with the thickness of （1.67±0.16） m at the southernmost station in the Prince Gustaf Adolf Sea.

Difficulty of falling asleep and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level among Canadian older adults:a cross-sectional analysis of the Canadian Longitudinal Study for Aging baseline data

OBJECTIVE To examine whether difficulty of falling asleep(DoFA)is associated with non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(non-HDL-C)level among Canadian older adults.METHODS 26,954 individuals aged 45-85 years from the baseline data of the Canadian Longitudinal Study for Aging were in-cluded in this study.DoFA was categorized into five groups by answer to the question“Over the last month,how often did it take you more than 30 min to fall asleep?”Response options are“Never,<1 time/week,1−2 times/week,3−5 times/week,or 6−7 times/week”.Non-HDL-C,the difference of total cholesterol and HDL-C,were categorized into five categories based on these cut-offs(<2.6 mmol/L,2.6−3.7 mmol/L,3.7−4.8 mmol/L,4.8−5.7 mmol/L,and≥5.7 mmol/L).Ordinal logistic regression(logit link)continuation ratio models were used to estimate the odds of higher non-HDL-C levels for DoFA status.Adjusted means of non-HDL-C by DoFA status were estimated by general linear models.All analyses were sex separately using analytic weights to en-sure generalizability.RESULTS The proportions of DoFA in five categories were 41.6%,25.7%,13.6%,9.4%,9.7%for females and 52.9%,24.9%,10.5%,6.1%,5.6%for males,respectively.After adjustment of demographical and other covariates(such as depression,comorbidity,sleeping hour,etc.)compared to those who reported never having DoFA,the ORs(95%CIs)of higher levels of non-HDL-C for those whose DoFA status in<1 time/week,1−2 times/week,3−5 times/week,and 6−7 times/week were 1.12(1.05−1.21),1.09(0.99−1.18),1.20(1.09−1.33),1.29(1.17−1.43)in females and 1.05(0.98−1.13),0.95(0.87−1.05),1.21(1.08−1.37),0.97(0.85−1.09)in males,respectively.The adjusted means of non-HDL-C among the five DoFA status were 3.68 mmol/L,3.73 mmol/L,3.74 mmol/L,3.82 mmol/L,3.84 mmol/L for females and 3.54 mmol/L,3.58 mmol/L,3.51 mmol/L,3.69 mmol/L,3.54 mmol/L for males,respectively.CONCLUSIONS The results of this study have identified a risk association pattern between DoFA status and non-HDL-C levels in females but not in males.Further research is needed to confirm these findings.

Distribution of general aerobic heterotrophic bacteria in sediment core taken from the Canadian basin and the Chukchi Sea

The occurrence percentage and abundance of General Aerobic Hetero- trophic Bacteria （GAB） were determined by using the method of MPN for 182 sub- samples from 10 sediment cores taken from the Canadian basin and the Chukchi Sea at two different culturing temperatures. The results showed that the general occurrence percentage of GAB was quite high, average abundanees of GAB at cultured temperatares of 4℃ and 25℃ were 4.46 ×10^7 and 5.47×10^7 cells·g^-1（wt）, respectively. The highest abundance of GAB occurred at 20 -22 cm section in the sediment. GAB abundances changed among the section of sediments, but there is a trend ： the a-bundances at the middle or lower sections were lower than those at upper section. Cultivation at 25℃ could improve the occurrence percentage and abundances of GAB, which suggests that the increasing of temperature may change the living circum-stances of GAB. The differences of GAB among the latitudes areas indicated that occurrence percentage and abundances of GAB in middle latitude areas were higher than those in the higher or lower latitude areas, and were more obvious at 4℃ than those at 25℃. The GAB abundances in sediment under the shallower water seemed to be low- er than those in sediments under the deeper water and this status was more obvious at 25℃ than that at 4℃.

Analysis of the ecological philosophy reflected in Canadian literature

With the rapid progress of modernization in the human society,the contradiction between economic development and ecological harmony has become a global problem.The Canadian literature contains a lot of ecological philosophy,which includes the love of nature,the care for animals and the spiritual ecology.Literary writers in Canada write about the relationship between man and nature,man and animals as well as the relationship among different people in the society.Under the three perspectives mentioned above,writers reveal many serious ecological problems.Using Canadian Literature as an example,we can dig out some valuable ecological ideas.These are very helpful for us to solve the increasingly serious crisis related to ecology.

Low ^(210)Pb in the upper thermocline in the Canadian Basin: scavenge process over the Chukchi Sea

210pb was measured during the 3rd Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition cruise to investigate its spa- tial pattern in the western Arctic Ocean, as well as its relation with the thermocline in the Canadian Basin. The specific activities varied from 0.04 to 2.72, 〈0.013 to 4.37, and 0.1 to 4.85 Bq/m3 for dissolved, particu- late, and bulk 210pb, respectively, corresponding to respective averages of 0.65, 0.43, and 1.08 Bq/m3. In the Canadian Basin, the minimum 210pb activities occurred in the thermocline, which was characterized by low temperature of-1.52℃ and salinity of 33.1. Combining the spatial distribution of 210pb and hydrographical characteristics in the western Arctic Ocean, this scenario was ascribed to the effective scavenging of 210pb when the Pacific water flowed across the Chukchi Shelf. Quantitatively, this interpretation was supported by both the shorter residence times and higher scavenging efficiencies （SE） of dissolved 210pb over the Chukchi Shelf. The highest SE values were observed in the Herald Shoal and bottom waters over the slope.

55th Annual Congress of Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation 2020

Time: June 7-10, 2020Venue: Banff, Alberta, CanadaWebsite: http://congress.cnsfederation.org/The 55th Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation (CNSF) Congress 2020 will take place in Banff, Alberta, Canada on June7-10, 2020. This is a collegial meeting providing multidisciplinary courses relevant to all neuroscience specialties.

The bold sedentary behavior recommendations in the new Canadian guidelines: are they evidence-based? Response to “Sedentary Behavior Research Network members support new Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guideline recommendations”

Dear editor,We read with interest the commentary by Mark Tremblay and colleagues,1 which outlines the new 24-Hour Canadian sedentary behavior guidelines.These guidelines take the perspective of a continuum across the 24-h day,providing a vehicle for discussing physically active time,sitting and other sedentary time,as well as healthy sleep duration.The commentary 1 focuses on the sedentary behavior(SB)recommendations in these guidelines:(1)limiting sedentary time to8 h per day,(2)limiting recreational screen time to3 h,and(3)breaking up long periods of sitting as often as possible throughout the day.Support for this perspective was evidenced by a survey of a sample(n=126,6% of total)of Sedentary Behavior Research Network(SBRN)members2 indicating broad acceptance of these SB recommendations.1 In this response,we put this survey in context and discuss the evidence base underpinning these 3 Canadian sedentary-behavior recommendations.

Cenomanian-Turonian Foraminiferal Zones of West Siberian Province and Their Correlation with Canadian Province

Data on Late Cenomanian and Early Turonian foraminiferal assemblages in the northern palaeo biogeographical district of the West Siberian province are summarized in the paper. In addition, the section of borehole 1016 of the Parusovaya area located in the far north of the province is considered. New information on the foraminiferal zones of this stratigraphic level along with the previously known sections of the Tazovskaya, Purpeiskaya, Van-Eganskaya areas provided an opportunity to carry out a correlation of these zones between the West Siberian and the Canadian provinces (Western Canada, Northern Alaska). The West Siberian Late Cenomanian Trochammina wetteri tumida, Verneuilinoides kansasensis and the Early Turonian Gaudryinopsis angustus foraminiferal zones have their analogues as similar zones in the Canadian province. Due to the provided correlation of the micropalaeontological (foraminiferal) zones, their age in the West Siberian province has been clarified. Besides, similarity of the conditions of dwelling within the boundaries of the entire Arctic palaeobiogeographical realm has been observed.

Regional Climate Index for Floods and Droughts Using Canadian Climate Model (CGCM3.1)

The impacts of climate change on the discharge regimes in New Brunswick (Canada) were analyzed, using artificial neural network models. Future climate data were extracted from the Canadian Coupled General Climate Model (CGCM3.1) under the greenhouse gas emission scenarios B1 and A2 defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The climate change fields (temperatures and precipitation) were downscaled using the delta change approach. Using the artificial neural network, future river discharge was predicted for selected hydrometric stations. Then, a frequency analysis was carried out using the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution function, where the parameters of the distribution were estimated using L-moments method. Depending on the scenario and the time slice used, the increase in low return floods was about 30% and about 15% for higher return floods. Low flows showed increases of about 10% for low return droughts and about 20% for higher return droughts. An important part of the design process using frequency analysis is the estimation of future change in floods or droughts under climate scenarios at a given site and for specific return periods. This was carried out through the development of Regional Climate Index (RCI), linking future floods and droughts to their frequencies under climate scenarios B1 and A2.

Geographical distribution of general aerobic heterotrophic bacteria in surficial sediments from the Chukchi Sea and Canadian Basin

This paper determined the abundance of General Aerobic heterotrophic Bacteria （GAB） in surficial sediments from the Chukchi Sea and the Canadian basin by using MPN and discussed their geographical distribution. The result shows that the determination percentages of the GAB were high, even till 100 percentage. The abundance range and averages of GAB for 4℃and 25℃ were from 4.00 × 10^2 to 2.40× 10^6 , 1.71×10^6 ind.·g^-1 （wet sample ） and from 2.40 ×10^5 to 2.40×10^7 , 1.10×10^7 ind. ·g^-1 （wet sample ） respectively. Not only the abundance range but also the averages of GAB in 25℃ were higher than that in 4℃. The abundance of GAB in sediments show a tendency that it is roughly greater in the lower latitudinal area than in the higher latitudinal area. The abundance of GAB increased from east to west as for the longitudinal distribution. With the water depth increasing, the abundance of GAB at 4℃ decreased, but GBA at 25℃ is not changed obviously with water depth. It seems that warmer circumstantial temperature is more suitable for some GAB.

Implications of Canadian Immersion Education for Bilingual Instruction in Chinese Kindergartens:From the Perspective of Critical Period Hypothesis

Canada is one of the countries with the most developed bilingual education in the world,while China starts bilingual education late.Such program greatly takes the advantage of critical period hypothesis and reveals its effectiveness.Learning from the advanced experience from Canada,this study investigated problems of bilingual education in Chinese kindergartens and offered suggestions correspondingly.Only when there are qualified and professional preschool teachers,suitable teaching materials,specific teaching objectives and methods,cooperation between parents and teachers,can the bilingual immersion education in Chinese kindergartens be fully developed.

从Guide to Canadian English Usage(第二版)看加拿大英语特色词汇及其用法

在经济全球化背景下,出于贸易交流、文化传播等活动的需要,世界语言—英语被广泛学习。各国语言学家粗略地把英语分为英国英语和美国英语两大变体。因为美国的强国地位及其好莱坞效应,美国英语在各种场合较之英国英语被更广泛使用。而在与美国接壤的加拿大,一直被语言学家定义为以英国英语为基础,受美国英语强烈影响的加拿大英语仍在全球化背景下保持着自己的语言特色。文章通过对Guide to Canadian English Usage(第二版)的解析,粗略列举加拿大英语中现存的特色词汇并与英、美英语进行比较、分析。