Comprehensive analysis of clinical and biological value of ING family genes in liver cancer

BACKGROUND Liver cancer(LIHC)is a malignant tumor that occurs in the liver and has a high mortality in cancer.The ING family genes were identified as tumor suppressor genes.Dysregulated expression of these genes can lead to cell cycle arrest,senescence and/or apoptosis.ING family genes are promising targets for anticancer therapy.However,their role in LIHC is still not well understood.AIM To have a better understanding of the important roles of ING family members in LIHC.METHODS A series of bioinformatics approaches(including gene expression analysis,genetic alteration analysis,survival analysis,immune infiltration analysis,prediction of upstream microRNAs(miRNAs)and long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)of ING1,and ING1-related gene functional enrichment analysis)was applied to study the expression profile,clinical relationship,prognostic significance and immune infiltration of ING in LIHC.The relationship between ING family genes expression and tumor associated immune checkpoints was investigated in LIHC.The molecular mechanism of ING1 mediated hepatocarcinogenesis was preliminarily discussed.RESULTS mRNA/protein expression of different ING family genes in LIHC was analyzed in different databases,showing that ING family genes were highly expressed in LIHC.In 47 samples from 366 LIHC patients,the ING family genes were altered at a rate of 13%.By comprehensively analyzing the expression,clinical pathological parameters and prognostic value of ING family genes,ING1/5 was identified.ING1/5 was related to poor prognosis of LIHC,suggesting that they may play key roles in LIHC tumorigenesis and progression.One of the target miRNAs of ING1 was identified as hsa-miR-214-3p.Two upstream lncRNAs of hsa-miR-214-3p,U91328.1,and HCG17,were identified.At the same time,we found that the expression of ING family genes was correlated with immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint genes.CONCLUSION This study lays a foundation for further research on the potential mechanism and clinical value of ING family genes in the treatment and prognosis of LIHC.

MiRNA-145-5p inhibits gastric cancer progression via the serpin family E member 1-extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 axis

BACKGROUND MicroRNAs(miRNAs)regulate gene expression and play a critical role in cancer physiology.However,there is still a limited understanding of the function and regulatory mechanism of miRNAs in gastric cancer(GC).AIM To investigate the role and molecular mechanism of miRNA-145-5p(miR145-5p)in the progression of GC.METHODS Real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)was used to detect miRNA expression in human GC tissues and cells.The ability of cancer cells to migrate and invade was assessed using wound-healing and transwell assays,respectively.Cell proliferation was measured using cell counting kit-8 and colony formation assays,and apoptosis was evaluated using flow cytometry.Expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)-associated protein was determined by Western blot.Targets of miR-145-5p were predicated using bioinformatics analysis and verified using a dual-luciferase reporter system.Serpin family E member 1(SERPINE1)expression in GC tissues and cells was evaluated using RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining.The correlation between SERPINE1 expression and overall patient survival was determined using Kaplan-Meier plot analysis.The association between SERPINE1 and GC progression was also tested.A rescue experiment of SERPINE1 overexpression was conducted to verify the relationship between this protein and miR-145-5p.The mechanism by which miR-145-5p influences GC progression was further explored by assessing tumor formation in nude mice.RESULTS GC tissues and cells had reduced miR-145-5p expression and SERPINE1 was identified as a direct target of this miRNA.Overexpression of miR-145-5p was associated with decreased GC cell proliferation,invasion,migration,and EMT,and these effects were reversed by forcing SERPINE1 expression.Kaplan-Meier plot analysis revealed that patients with higher SERPINE1 expression had a shorter survival rate than those with lower SERPINE1 expression.Nude mouse tumorigenesis experiments confirmed that miR-145-5p targets SERPINE1 to regulate extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2(ERK1/2).CONCLUSION This study found that miR-145-5p inhibits tumor progression and is expressed in lower amounts in patients with GC.MiR-145-5p was found to affect GC cell proliferation,migration,and invasion by negatively regulating SERPINE1 levels and controlling the ERK1/2 pathway.

Pan-cancer analysis of ORAI family proteins and their genomic alterations

Background:The ORAI family of proteins,comprising ORAI1,ORAI2,and ORAI3,plays a crucial role in the regulation of intracellular calcium signaling,which is essential for various cellular functions including proliferation,differentiation,and apoptosis.Dysregulation of calcium signaling has been implicated in cancer pathogenesis,influencing tumor progression,metastasis,and resistance to therapy.This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the ORAI family members across a broad spectrum of cancers.Methods:Publicly available datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Gene Expression Omnibus were utilized.RNA sequencing data,mutation profiles,copy number variation data,and methylation data across different cancer types were analyzed.Differential expression analysis,survival analysis,copy number variation analysis,mutation analysis,methylation analysis,immune cell infiltration analysis using the Cibersort algorithm,and gene set enrichment analysis were conducted using R software.Results:ORAI1 and ORAI3 were significantly upregulated in glioblastoma multiforme,whereas ORAI2 was notably downregulated in kidney chromophobe and pancreatic adenocarcinoma.ORAI2 exhibited higher mutation rates and copy number gains in multiple cancers compared to ORAI1 and ORAI3.The hypermethylation of ORAI2 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma,esophageal carcinoma,and glioblastoma multiforme negatively correlated with its gene expression.ORAI1 and ORAI3 expression positively correlated with regulatory T cells infiltration,whereas ORAI2 showed a negative correlation with CD8^(+)T cell infiltration.Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that ORAI1 and ORAI2 are associated with immune-related pathways,while ORAI3 is linked to MYC targets and oxidative phosphorylation.Conclusion:Our pan-cancer analysis reveals significant differential expression,genomic alterations,and epigenetic regulation of ORAI family members across various cancers.ORAI1 and ORAI3 appear to promote an immunosuppressive environment,whereas ORAI2 may function as a tumor suppressor in certain contexts.These findings provide a foundation for future research targeting ORAI-mediated pathways in cancer therapy and highlight the therapeutic potential of ORAI proteins.

Deciphering the role of FSCN family genes in cancer:a pan-cancer bioinformatics study

Background:The Fascin(FSCN)family,comprising actin-bundling proteins,plays vital roles in cytoskeletal reorganization and cell migration.FSCN1,FSCN2,and FSCN3 are implicated in cancer progression through cell motility,invasion,and metastasis.However,their specific contributions across different cancer types remain unclear.Methods:We conducted a pan-cancer bioinformatics analysis of FSCN genes using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas.This included differential expression patterns,copy number variations(CNVs),mutations,methylation status,and correlations with tumor mutational burden,microsatellite instability,and immune checkpoint molecule expression.Differential expression was analyzed using DESeq2,while CNV and mutation analyses utilized GISTIC2.0 and MuTect2.Methylation data were assessed using the Illumina Human Methylation 450K BeadChip.Results:FSCN1 and FSCN2 showed significant differential expression in multiple cancers,often correlating with poor prognosis.FSCN3 exhibited less variability but a protective role in certain contexts.CNV analysis indicated frequent gene gains in FSCN genes,correlating with increased expression.FSCN3 had a higher mutation rate,suggesting genetic instability.Methylation analysis showed hypomethylation of FSCN1 and FSCN2 in tumors compared to normal tissues,whereas FSCN3 had minor changes.Significant associations were found between FSCN gene expression and tumor mutational burden,microsatellite instability,and immune checkpoint molecules,suggesting their involvement in tumor immunogenicity and the immune microenvironment.Conclusions:This pan-cancer analysis highlights the multifaceted roles of FSCN genes in cancer biology,emphasizing their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.FSCN1 and FSCN2 are associated with poor prognosis and aggressive phenotypes,while FSCN3 shows protective roles in specific contexts.These findings offer new avenues for cancer diagnosis and treatment,particularly in personalized medicine.Future studies should validate these findings and explore the underlying mechanisms to fully harness the clinical potential of FSCN family proteins in oncology.

Survey on hospice care attitude of family members of advanced cancer patients at different ages

BACKGROUND Hospice care plays an important role in improving the quality of life of advanced cancer patients,but controversy remains over whether age affects the attitudes of family members toward hospice care.AIM To investigate the attitudes of family members of advanced cancer patients of different ages toward hospice care.METHODS The study participants were 175 family members of patients with advanced cancer from January 2020 and October 2022.The participants were divided into youth(<40 years,n=65),middle-aged(40–60 years,n=59),and elderly(>60 years,n=51)groups.Researchers investigated and compared the degree of awareness regarding hospice care,attitudes,and whether the family members of patients would choose hospice care.RESULTS Among the family members of 175 patients,approximately 28%(49/175)were aware of hospice care.Awareness of hospice care,the proportion of hospice care acceptance and adaptation attitudes,and the proportion of those who chose hospice care in the youth group were higher in the middle-aged and elderly groups(P<0.05).No statistically significant difference was found in these three indicators between the middle-aged and elderly groups(P>0.05).Hospice care was chosen mainly to relieve pain and reduce unnecessary treatment,whereas the reasons for not choosing hospice care were mainly distrust and ethical concerns.CONCLUSION The family members of patients with advanced cancer had relatively low awareness of hospice care,while youth had a higher awareness of hospice care,acceptance,and adaptation attitudes,and were more willing to choose hospice care.

Effect of screening colonoscopy frequency on colorectal cancer mortality in patients with a family history of colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is a common malignant tumor in China,and its incidence in the elderly is increasing annually.Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic non-specific intestinal inflammatory diseases,including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease.We included the clinicopathological and follow-up data of patients with colorectal cancer who underwent laparoscopic colectomy or open colectomy at our Gastrointestinal Department between January 2019 and December 2022.Surgical indicators,oncological indicators,and survival rates were compared between the groups.The results of 104 patients who met the above criteria were extracted from the database(laparoscopic colectomy group=63,open colectomy group=41),and there were no statistically significant differences in the baseline data or follow-up time between the two groups.RESULTS Intraoperative blood loss,time to first ambulation,and time to first fluid intake were significantly lower in the laparoscopic colectomy group than in the open colectomy group.The differences in overall mortality,tumor-related mortality,and recurrence rates between the two groups were not statistically significant,and survival analysis showed that the differences in the cumulative overall survival,tumor-related survival,and cumulative recurrence-free rates between the two groups were not statistically significant.CONCLUSION In elderly patients with colorectal cancer,laparoscopic colectomy has better short-term outcomes than open colectomy,and laparoscopic colectomy has superior long-term survival outcomes compared with open colectomy.

Diagnostic value of methylated branched chain amino acid transaminase 1/IKAROS family zinc finger 1 for colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND The diagnostic value of combined methylated branched chain amino acid transaminase 1(BCAT1)/IKAROS family zinc finger 1(IKZF1)in plasma for colorectal cancer(CRC)has been explored since 2015.Recently,several related studies have published their results and showed its diagnostic efficacy.AIM To analyze the diagnostic value of methylated BCAT1/IKZF1 in plasma for screening and postoperative follow-up of CRC.METHODS The candidate studies were identified by searching the PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,CNKI,and Wanfang databases from May 31,2003 to June 1,2023.Sensitivity,specificity,and diagnostic accuracy were calculated by merging ratios or means.RESULTS Twelve eligible studies were included in the analysis,involving 6561 participants.The sensitivity of methylated BCAT1/IKZF1 in plasma for CRC diagnosis was 60%[95%confidence interval(CI)53-67]and specificity was 92%(95%CI:90-94).The positive and negative likelihood ratios were 8.0(95%CI:5.8-11.0)and 0.43(95%CI:0.36-0.52),respectively.Diagnostic odds ratio was 19(95%CI:11-30)and area under the curve was 0.88(95%CI:0.85-0.91).The sensitivity and specificity for CRC screening were 64%(95%CI:59-69)and 92%(95%CI:91-93),respectively.The sensitivity and specificity for recurrence detection during follow-up were 54%CONCLUSION The detection of methylated BCAT1/IKZF1 in plasma,as a non-invasive detection method of circulating tumor DNA,has potential CRC diagnosis,but the clinical application prospect needs to be further explored.

Comprehensive analysis of distal-less homeobox family gene expression in colon cancer

BACKGROUND The distal-less homeobox(DLX)gene family plays an important role in the development of several tumors.However,the expression pattern,prognostic and diagnostic value,possible regulatory mechanisms,and the relationship between DLX family genes and immune infiltration in colon cancer have not been systematically reported.AIM We aimed to comprehensively analyze the biological role of the DLX gene family in the pathogenesis of colon cancer.METHODS Colon cancer tissue and normal colon tissue samples were collected from the Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases.Wilcoxon rank sum test and t-test were used to assess DLX gene family expression between colon cancer tissue and unpaired normal colon tissue.cBioPortal was used to analyze DLX gene family variants.R software was used to analyze DLX gene expression in colon cancer and the relationship between DLX gene family expression and clinical features and correlation heat map.The survival package and Cox regression module were used to assess the prognostic value of the DLX gene family.The pROC package was used to analyze the diagnostic value of the DLX gene family.R software was used to analyze the possible regulatory mechanisms of DLX gene family members and related genes.The GSVA package was used to analyze the relationship between the DLX gene family and immune infiltration.The ggplot2,the survminer package,and the clusterProfiler package were used for visualization.RESULTS DLX1/2/3/4/5 were significantly aberrantly expressed in colon cancer patients.The expression of DLX genes were associated with M stage,pathologic stage,primary therapy outcome,residual tumor,lymphatic invasion,T stage,N stage,age,perineural invasion,and history of colon polyps.DLX5 was independently correlated with the prognosis of colon cancer in multivariate analysis.DLX1/2/3/4/5/6 were involved in the development and progression of colon cancer by participating in immune infiltration and associated pathways,including the Hippo signaling pathway,the Wnt signaling pathway,several signaling pathways regulating the pluripotency of stem cells,and Staphylococcus aureus infection.CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest a possible role for the DLX gene family as potential diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in colon cancer.

Effectiveness of family psychosocial intervention on mental health and family function of caregivers of children with cancer:a meta-analysis

Objective:To evaluate the effect of family psychosocial intervention on the mental health and family function of caregivers of children with cancer.Methods:A comprehensive literature search of CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,CMB,PubMed,Web of Science,MEDLINE,Embase,Cochrane Library,and PsycARTICLES was conducted to retrieve randomized controlled trials of family psychosocial intervention from database inception until 19 September 2021.RevMan(version 5.4.1)was used to analyze the data.Results:A total of 894 caregivers participated in 11 studies.The analysis showed that anxiety(standardized mean difference[SMD]=−0.22,95%confidence interval[CI]=−0.37 to−0.07,P=0.004)and depression(SMD=−0.33,95%CI=−0.57 to−0.08,P=0.01)were significantly reduced,while family function(SMD=−0.86,95%CI=−1.28 to−0.45,P<0.001)was significantly improved by the family psychosocial intervention compared with the controls.According to subgroup analysis,family psychosocial interventions were found to reduce posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD)symptoms when the follow-up time was>1 month(SMD=−0.48,95%CI=0.68 to−0.27,P<0.00001).Conclusions:Current evidence supports the use of family psychological intervention to reduce depression and anxiety and improve family function.However,its effect on PTSD symptoms requires further study.Future studies should further identify the role of specific family psychosocial interventions on families and caregivers of children with cancer.

Prioritizing the efforts:lived experiences of family when taking care of people with cancer

Objective:Cancer has one of the highest disease mortality rates.Families are very important in the treatment of people with cancer.By using a phenomenological design,this study aimed to explore the experience of families in caring for a person with cancer and to identify the needs of these families.Methods:First,eight interviews were under taken with family members selected through a purposive sampling method.Then,another three interviews were conducted for data validation.The collected data were analyzed using the framework method of analysis.Results:The core theme,“Prioritizing the efforts:Being aware of the best we could do for our family,”reflected family’s experiences of caring for a person with cancer and was underpinned by five themes:“Decisions to make,”“Keeping up the good support,”“Acknowledging the others’contributions,”“Assisting my family to alleviate the disease,”and“Adapting to the current situation.”Conclusions:The results suggest that building mutual trust and communication between family and healthcare professionals is vital in decision-making for people with cancer.Family may also work with the person in fulfilling their needs,without disregarding the needs of the family.When suppor ting the needs of people with diabetes,the family requires appropriate information,and thus,healthcare professionals wisely select which information can help the family make a decision regarding the treatment.After administering the treatment and providing information for people with cancer and their family,asking for feedback is required for evaluation.

Digestive and breast cancer patients managed during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic:Short and middle term outcomes

BACKGROUND The first wave of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic in Spain lasted from middle March to the end of June 2020.Spanish population was subjected to lockdown periods and scheduled surgeries were discontinued or reduced during variable periods.In our centre,we managed patients previously and newly diagnosed with cancer.We established a strategy based on limiting perioperative social contacts,preoperative screening(symptoms and reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction)and creating separated in-hospital COVID-19-free pathways for non-infected patients.We also adopted some practice modifications(surgery in different facilities,changes in staff and guidelines,using continuously changing personal protective equipment…),that supposed new inconveniences.AIM To analyse cancer patients with a decision for surgery managed during the first wave,focalizing on outcomes and pandemic-related modifications.METHODS We prospectively included adults with a confirmed diagnosis of colorectal,oesophago-gastric,liver-pancreatic or breast cancer with a decision for surgery,regardless of whether they ultimately underwent surgery.We analysed short-term outcomes[30-d postoperative morbimortality and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection]and outcomes after 3 years(adjuvant therapies,oncological events,death,SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination).We also investigated modifications to usual practice.RESULTS From 96 included patients,seven didn’t receive treatment that period and four never(3 due to COVID-19).Operated patients:28 colon and 21 rectal cancers;laparoscopy 53.6%/90.0%,mortality 3.57%/0%,major complications 7.04%/25.00%,anastomotic leaks 0%/5.00%,3-years disease-free survival(DFS)82.14%/52.4%and overall survival(OS)78.57%/76.2%.Six liver metastases and six pancreatic cancers:no mortality,one major complication,three grade A/B liver failures,one bile leak;3-year DFS 0%/33.3%and OS 50.0%/33.3%(liver metastases/pancreatic carcinoma).5 gastric and 2 oesophageal tumours:mortality 0%/50%,major complications 0%/100%,anastomotic leaks 0%/100%,3-year DFS and OS 66.67%(gastric carcinoma)and 0%(oesophagus).Twenty breast cancer without deaths/major complications;3-year OS 100%and DFS 85%.Nobody contracted SARS-CoV-2 postoperatively.COVID-19 pandemic–related changes:78.2%treated in alternative buildings,43.8%waited more than 4 weeks,two additional colostomies and fewer laparoscopies.CONCLUSION Some patients lost curative-intent surgery due to COVID-19 pandemic.Despite practice modifications and 43.8%delays higher than 4 weeks,surgery was resumed with minimal changes without impacting outcomes.Clean pathways are essential to continue surgery safely.

Clinical and prognostic significance of expression of phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5 and Parkin in advanced colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND Drugs targeting mitochondria can induce mitophagy and restrain proliferation in colorectal cancer(CRC)cells.Phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5(PGAM5)activates serine/threonine PTEN-induced putative kinase 1/Parkin pathway-mediated mitophagy.However,there are few studies on the clinical and prognostic significance of expression of PGAM5 protein and mitophagy-related protein Parkin in patients.AIM To assess the clinical significance of PGAM5 and Parkin proteins,as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of CRC,by studying their expression in advanced CRC tissues and their association with clinicopathological parameters.METHODS The expression of PGAM5 and Parkin in CRC tissues from 100 patients was determined by immunohistochemistry.Each case was evaluated by using a combined scoring method based on signal intensity staining(scored 0-3)and the proportion of positively stained cancer cells(scored 0-4).The final staining score was calculated as the intensity score multiplied by the proportion score.Specimens were categorized as either high or low expression according to the Youden index,and the association between the expression of PGAM5 or Parkin and clinicopathological factors was ascertained.Additionally,we employed western blot to measure PGAM5 and Parkin protein expression in six matched pairs of CRC and adjacent non-tumor tissues.RESULTS Immunohistochemical and western blot findings showed that both PGAM5 and Parkin protein expression in tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in the adjacent tissues:PGAM5 and Parkin were mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of colonic epithelial cells.PGAM5 and Parkin protein levels were significantly positively correlated in advanced CRC tissues.Moreover,reduced Parkin protein expression was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival and progression-free survival in CRC patients as evinced by multivariate analysis.CONCLUSION The expression of PGAM5 protein and mitophagy-related protein Parkin has diagnostic significance for CRC and may become new biomarkers.Parkin may be a potential marker for the survival of CRC patients.

Potential role of transmembrane 9 superfamily member 1 as a biomarker in urothelial cancer

Bladder cancer is a urological tumor with high rates of recurrence despite recent advances in novel therapies.Many proteins involved in the molecular mechanisms are currently an enigma,especially the transmembrane 9 superfamily member 1 which has an unclear function.Wei et al published the function and mechanism of this protein,and showed that it could participate in the proliferation,migration and invasion of tumor cells in bladder cancer,therefore treatments directed against this protein may be beneficial in avoiding this condition.

Diagnostic value evaluation of trefoil factors family 3 for the early detection of colorectal cancer

AIM The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of trefoil factor family 3(TFF3) for the early detection of colorectal cancer(CC). METHODS Serum TFF3 and carcino-embryonic antigen(CEA) were detected in 527 individuals, including 115 healthy control(HC), 198 colorectal adenoma(CA), and 214 CC individuals in the training group. RESULTS Serum TFF3 showed no significant correlation with age, gender, or tumor location but showed significant correlation with the tumor stage. Serum TFF3 in the CC group was significantly higher than in the HC or CA group. The AUC values of TFF3 for discriminating between HC and CC and between CA and CC were 0.930(0.903, 0.958) and 0.834(0.796, 0.873). A multivariate model combining TFF3 and CEA was built. Compared to TFF3 or CEA alone, the multivariate model showed significant improvement(P < 0.001). For discriminating between HC and CC, HC and early stage CC, HC and advanced stage CC, CA and CC, CA and early stage CC, and CA and advanced stage CC in the training group, the sensitivities were 92.99%, 91.46%, 93.18%, 73.83%, 76.83%, and 81.82%, and the specificities were 91.30%, 91.30%, 93.91%, 88.38%, 77.27%, and 88.38%, respectively. After validation, the sensitivities were 89.39%, 85.71%, 90.79%, 72.73%, 71.43%, and 78.95%, and the specificities were 87.85%, 87.85%, 2.52%, 87.85%, 80.77%, and 87.50%, respectively. CONCLUSION The multivariate diagnostic model that included TFF3 and CEA showed significant improvement over the conventional biomarker CEA and might provide a potential method for the early detection of CC.

CMTM family proteins 1–8:roles in cancer biological processes and potential clinical value

The CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing(CMTM)family of genes comprises CKLF and CMTM1–8(previously called chemokine-like factor superfamily 1–8,CKLFSF1–8).The CMTM family proteins contain a structurally conserved MAL and related proteins for vesicle trafficking and membrane linking(MARVEL)domain.Dysregulated expression of multiple CMTM family members is a common feature in many human cancer types.CMTM proteins control critical biological processes in cancer development,including growth factor receptor activation and recycling,cell proliferation,apoptosis,metastasis,and immune evasion.Emergingin vivo andin vitro evidence indicates that the mechanisms of action of most CMTM proteins are complex and multifactorial.This review highlights new findings regarding the roles of CMTM1–8 in cancer,particularly in tumor growth,metastasis,and immune evasion.Additionally,the potential clinical value of CMTMs as novel drug targets or biomarkers is discussed.

Comparison of patients by family history with gastric and non-gastric cancer

AIM:To compare the gastric cancer(GC) patients by their family history with gastric and non-GC.METHODS:Positive family histories within seconddegree relatives and clinicopathological features were obtained for 256 patients.RESULTS:Of the 256 probands,112(76 male,36 female) were incorporated into familial GC(FGC) group:at least two GC members;144(98 male,46 female) were included in the non-FGC group(relatives only affected with non-GCs).Of 399 tumors in relatives(181 from FGC against 212 from non-FGC),GC was the most frequent,followed by esophageal,hepatocellular,and colorectal cancer.Nasopharyngeal cancer was next to lung cancer but prior to breast and urogenital cancers.Most affected members aggregated within first-degree relatives(FGC:66 siblings,48 fathers,31 mothers,four offspring;non-FGC:56 fathers,55 siblings,43 mothers,and 15 offspring).The ratio of males to females in affected first-degree relatives was usually higher in male probands.Paternal history of GC was a slight risk for GC in males(OR = 1.19,95% CI:0.53-2.69),while risk of GC by maternal history of non-GCs was increased in females(OR = 0.46,95% CI:0.22-0.97).Diffuse-GC was the major histological type in all subgroups.Difference in tumor sites between thetwo groups was derived from an excess of upper sites in non-FGC female probands.CONCLUSION:Distribution of associated non-GCs in a family history of GC may vary with geographic areas.GC may have different genetic and/or environmental etiology in different families,and a certain subtype may be inherited in a female-influenced fashion.

Input of microenvironmental regulation on colorectal cancer: Role of the CCN family

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a major health problem causing significant morbidity and mortality.Previous results from various studies indicate that CRC tumorigenicity encompasses tumor microenvironment,emphasizing the complex interacting network between cancer cells and nearby host cells,which triggers diverse signaling pathways to promote the growth and spread ofcancer cells.The CCN family proteins share a uniform modular structure,mediating a variety of physiological functions,including proliferation,apoptosis,migration,adhesion,differentiation,and survival.Furthermore,CCN proteins are also involved in CRC initiation and development.Many studies have shown that CCN members,such as CCN1,CCN2,CCN3,Wnt-induced secreted protein(WISP)-1,WISP-2,and WISP-3,are dysregulated in CRC,which implies potential diagnostic markers or therapeutic targets clinically.In this review,we summarize the research findings on the role of CCN family proteins in CRC initiation,development,and progression,highlighting their potential for diagnosis,prognosis,and therapeutic application.

Novel MLH1 frameshift mutation in an extended hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer family

AIM： To present novel frameshift mutation c.31delC [p.L11X] in the MLH1 gene identified in an extended Bulgarian hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer （HNPCC） family and to analyze the molecular and clinical findings within the pedigree concerning the proposal of adequate individual prophylactic strategy for all mutation carriers.METHODS： The pedigree of the family consists of 42 members in four generations. Search for mutations in the MLH1 and hMSH2 genes was performed in the proband. After PCR amplification of all exons including flanking intronic regions, amplicons were directly sequenced.RESULTS： The mutation was found in nine from the thirteen pedigree members who signed informed consent to participate in the study. In three adenocarcinomas, microsatellite instability and lack of the MLH1 protein expression were detected. The only one tubulovillous adenoma analyzed was microsatellite stable and the MLH1 protein showed an intact staining.CONCLUSION： The newly described mutation c.31delC is HNPCC causative. Besides the typical clinical features of the syndrome, we found a specific pathologic manifestation such as moderate to high differentiated adenocarcinomas of the colon. One of the mutation carriers developed a benign giant cell soft tissue tumor, The primary tumor Iocalizatlons were frequently extracolonic and detailed yearly gastrointestinal and gynecological examinations have been proposed to the mutation carriers. We emphasize the importance of including the HNPCC genetic counseling and testing as well in the following surveillance of all patients at risk in the services covered by the health insurance in Bulgaria.

Treatment of Precancerous Lesions of the Cervix of the Uterus by Leep: Experience of the Principal Clinic of the Togolese Association of Family Well-Being Planning Center (ATBEF)

Objectives: Describe the socio-demographic characteristics, describe the main indications for LEEP and present the main complications. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study with consecutive recruitment of the study population through cervical cancer screening campaigns throughout the country during the period July 1, 2017 to April 30, 2019. Included were all patients eligible for LEEP and having benefited from this therapeutic method during our study period. Data were collected from a registry and recorded on a questionnaire developed for this study. These data were analyzed using Epi info 3.5.1 software. The following parameters were studied: patient age, indication for LEEP, intraoperative and postoperative complications, histological examination of the specimens, and postoperative surveillance and screening follow-up one year after LEEP. Results: During the study period, 12,595 women were screened for precancerous cervical lesions. A total of 474 women had precancerous lesions. Of these women, 227 had undergone loop resection, a rate of 47.9%. The main indications for LEEP were extensive lesions (68.7%), lesions penetrating the internal cervical os (12.8%). Incidents occurred in 7.5% of patients during the procedure. Post-operative complications occurred in 14.7% of cases. Conclusion: LEEP is a better way to treat precancerous lesions but is not well known by medical staff. The equipment of health facilities and the training of medical staff will make it possible to popularize the practice throughout the country. This extension will contribute to the fight against cervical cancer.

Family resilience of cancer patients:a concept analysis

Objective:The concept of family resilience of cancer patients was discussed through literature review,which provided reference for nursing of cancer patients.Methods:China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Database,SinoMed,PubMed,Web of Science,and Embase were systematically searched,and the concept analysis method proposed by Walker and Avant was adopted.Results:In this study,we defined the concept of family resilience,identified attributes,and analyzed the antecedents and consequences.The proposed operational definition of family resilience was:After a family member is diagnosed with cancer,the whole family can actively explore its own unique internal and external resources and advantages,strengthen self-regulation,jointly cope with the crisis by establishing close family relationships,providing mutual support to family members,and interacting with the outside world.Conclusions:The definition of family resilience of cancer patients is conducive to the development of measurement tools and the improvement of family outcomes of adult cancer patients by intervening family resilience factors.