The following are our views regarding the“letter to the editor”(Helicobacter is preserved in yeast vacuoles!Does Koch’s postulates confirm it?)by Alipour and Gaeini,and the response“letter to the editor”(Candida ...The following are our views regarding the“letter to the editor”(Helicobacter is preserved in yeast vacuoles!Does Koch’s postulates confirm it?)by Alipour and Gaeini,and the response“letter to the editor”(Candida accommodates nonculturable Helicobacter pylori in its vacuole-Koch’s postulates aren’t applicable)by Siavoshi and Saniee.Alipour and Gaeini rejected the methods,results,discussion,and conclusions summarized in a review article by Siavoshi and Saniee.The present article reviews and discusses evidence on the evolutionary adaptation of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)to thrive in Candida cell vacuoles and concludes that Candida could act as a Trojan horse,transporting potentially infectious H.pylori into the stomach of humans.展开更多
Candida auris since it discovery in 2009 is becoming a severe threat to human health due to its very quickly spread, its worldwide high resistance to systemic antifungal drugs. In resource-constrained settings where s...Candida auris since it discovery in 2009 is becoming a severe threat to human health due to its very quickly spread, its worldwide high resistance to systemic antifungal drugs. In resource-constrained settings where several conditions are met for its emergence and spread, this worrisome fungus could cause large hospital and/or community-based outbreaks. This review aimed to summarize the available data on C. auris in Africa focusing on its epidemiology and antifungal resistance profile. Major databases were searched for articles on the epidemiology and antifungal resistance profile of C. auris in Africa. Out of 2,521 articles identified 22 met the inclusion criteria. In Africa, nearly 89% of African countries have no published data on C. auris. The prevalence of C. auris in Africa was 8.74%. The case fatality rate of C. auris infection in Africa was 39.46%. The main C. auris risk factors reported in Africa were cardiovascular disease, renal failure, diabetes, HIV, recent intake of antimicrobial drugs, ICU admissions, surgery, hemodialysis, parenteral nutrition and indwelling devices. Four phylogenetic clades were reported in Africa, namely clades I, II, III and IV. Candida auris showed a pan-African very high resistance rate to fluconazole, moderate resistance to amphotericin B, and high susceptibility to echinocandins. Finally, C. auris clade-specific mutations were observed within the ERG2, ERG3, ERG9, ERG11, FKS1, TAC1b and MRR1 genes in Africa. This systematic review showed the presence of C. auris in the African continent and a worrying unavailability of data on this resilient fungus in most African countries.展开更多
Purpose: Recently, Candida haemulonii complex (Candida haemulonii, Candida duobushaemulonii and Candida haemulonii var. vulnera) and two genetically close species (Candida pseudohaemulonii and Candida auris) have emer...Purpose: Recently, Candida haemulonii complex (Candida haemulonii, Candida duobushaemulonii and Candida haemulonii var. vulnera) and two genetically close species (Candida pseudohaemulonii and Candida auris) have emerged as an opportunistic fungal pathogen associated with various infectious diseases of humans, and most of those isolates have displayed antifungal resistance. Because it is difficult to differentiate these microorganisms by a current technique, unfortunately, it is important to establish a method for identifying them accurately. The purpose of the present study was to design species-specific primers in order to identify and detect C. auris, C. pseudohaemulonii, and C. haemulonii complex, i.e. , C. haemulonii, C. duobushaemulonii and C. haemulonii var. vulnera using a multiplex PCR. Methods: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers were designed based on partial sequences of the 26S rRNA, 18S rRNA, and RPB1 genes and ITS region of five Candida species. Results: The multiplex PCR method developed in this study was able to distinguish five Candida species clearly. Conclusion: Our developed one-step multiplex PCR method is accurate, specific, cost-effective, time-saving, and works without requiring DNA extraction.展开更多
The rise in incidence rates of invasive candidiasis warrants an increase in atten-tion and efforts toward preventing and treating this virulent infection.Cardiac involvement is one of the most feared sequelae and has ...The rise in incidence rates of invasive candidiasis warrants an increase in atten-tion and efforts toward preventing and treating this virulent infection.Cardiac involvement is one of the most feared sequelae and has a poor prognosis.Despite the introduction of several novel antifungal agents over the past quarter century,complications and mortality rates due to Candida endocarditis have remained high.Although fungal endocarditis has a mechanism similar to bacterial endocar-ditis,no specific diagnostic criteria or algorithm exists to help guide its manage-ment.Furthermore,recent data has questioned the current guidelines recommen-ding a combined approach of antifungal agents with surgical valve or indwelling prostheses removal.With the emergence of multidrug-resistant Candida auris,a focus on improved prophylactic measures and management strategies is nece-ssary.展开更多
We described a novel polymer-lipase conjugate for high-efficient esterification of vitamin E using vitamin E and succinic anhydride as the substrates in nonaqueous media.In this work,the monomer,N-isopropylacrylamide(...We described a novel polymer-lipase conjugate for high-efficient esterification of vitamin E using vitamin E and succinic anhydride as the substrates in nonaqueous media.In this work,the monomer,N-isopropylacrylamide(NIPAM),was grafted onto Candida rugosa lipase(CRL)to synthesize poly(NIPAM)(pNIPAM)-CRL conjugate by atom transfer radical polymerization via the initiator coupled on the surface of CRL.The result showed that the catalytic efficiencies of pNIPAM-CRL conjugates(19.5-30.3 L·s^(-1)·mmol^(-1))were at least 7 times higher than that of free CRL(2.36 L·s^(-1)·mmol^(-1))in DMSO.It was attributed to a significant increase in Kcat of the conjugates in nonaqueous media.The synthesis catalyzed by pNIPAM-CRL co njugates was influenced by the length and density of the grafted polymer,water content,solvent polarity and molar ratio of the substrates.In the optimal synthesis,the reaction time was shortened at least 7 times,and yields of vitamin E succinate by pNIPAM-g-CRL and free CRL were obtained to be 75.4%and 6.6%at 55℃after the reaction for 1.5 h.The result argued that conjugation with pNIPAM induced conformational change of the lid on CRL based on hydrophobic interaction,thus providing a higher possibility of catalysis-favorable conformation on CRL in nonaqueous media.Moreover,pNIPAM conjugation improved the thermal stability of CRL greatly,and the stability improved further with an increase of chain length of pNIPAM.At the optimal reaction conditions(55℃and 1.5 h),pNIPAM-g-CRL also exhibited good reusability in the enzymatic synthesis of vitamin E succinate and kept~70%of its catalytic activity after ten consecutive cycles.The research demonstrated that pNIPAM-g-CRL was a more competitive biocatalyst in the enzymatic synthesis of vitamin E succinate and exhibited good application potential under harsh industrial conditions.展开更多
The prevalence of oral candidiasis has increased over recent years in patients with the compromised general condition. There are a large number of plant species that have been traditionally used for oral diseases by t...The prevalence of oral candidiasis has increased over recent years in patients with the compromised general condition. There are a large number of plant species that have been traditionally used for oral diseases by the Moroccan population. These species could provide a source for discovering new active principles of natural origin against Candida albicans involved in the appearance of candidiasis infections. Information was acquired using the electronic databases Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed. In the first part, this review presents the medicinal plants used by the Moroccan population for the treatment of oral disorders (Toothaches, gingivitis, ulcers, stomatitis, abscesses, ...). The second part describes different studies regarding the antifungal activity of essential oils and organic extracts of some Moroccan species against Candida albicans. Inhibition zone diameter (IZD), Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values of essential oils and plant’s extracts were noted. The third part concerns Moroccan plants with the antifungal activity that can be used in medical and agricultural fields. Several species of Moroccan plant proved their effectiveness against Candida albicans and can be used for the treatment of oral candidiasis. Further research should be undertaken in the future to investigate the toxicity of essential oils and plant extracts with antifungal properties for clinical use. This review provided an update on Moroccan plants presenting antifungal activity and especially those active against Candida albicans.展开更多
BACKGROUND Warts are common in recipients of kidney transplantation(KT).Resistant warts which are not amenable to conventional therapies may lead to significant morbidity.Limited data exists on safety and efficacy of ...BACKGROUND Warts are common in recipients of kidney transplantation(KT).Resistant warts which are not amenable to conventional therapies may lead to significant morbidity.Limited data exists on safety and efficacy of local immunotherapy among immunocompromised KT recipients.CASE SUMMARY We report a seven-year-old child who presented with recalcitrant plantar periungual warts in the early KT period.Immunosuppression consisted of tacrolimus,mycophenolate and steroid.Due to failure of conventional anti-wart therapies,he was treated with two sessions of intralesional(IL)candida immunotherapy along with liquid nitrogen cryotherapy leading to complete resolution of the warts.Interestingly,de novo BK viremia was seen about three weeks following the last candida immunotherapy.This required reduction of immunosuppression and other anti-BK viral therapies.Allograft function remained stable but there were donor specific antibodies detected.There also was elevated level of plasma donor derived cell-free DNA.A pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia occurred ten months following completion of immunotherapy that was successfully treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.During this ten-month follow-up period,there have been no recurrence of warts,and transplant kidney function has remained stable.CONCLUSION Stimulation of cell-mediated immunity against the human papilloma virus induced by the IL candida immunotherapy is thought to be a cause for wart resolution.With this therapy,whether it is necessary to augment the immunosuppression to prevent rejection is unclear as that may come with a risk of infectious complications.Larger,prospective studies in pediatric KT recipients are needed to explore these important issues.展开更多
Samaranayake L. Commensal Oral Candida in Asian Cohorts. International Journal of Oral Science, 1 （1）： 2-5, 2009The oral carriage rate of Candida in healthy humans ranges from 40% to 60%. However for a prolonged pe...Samaranayake L. Commensal Oral Candida in Asian Cohorts. International Journal of Oral Science, 1 （1）： 2-5, 2009The oral carriage rate of Candida in healthy humans ranges from 40% to 60%. However for a prolonged period, the oral candidal prevalence in humans was documented essentially using data from studies in the West as their prevalence in inhabitants in different regions of the world,including Asia was not known. Yet, recent reports from a number of studies indicate the quality, quantity and prevalence of oral yeasts differ between Asia and other regions for reason that are still unclear. This mini review on such data from Asian studies on oral carriage of Candida provides another intriguing facet of the behavior of this ubiquitous yeast.展开更多
We studied some factors affecting the lipase production from candida rugosa, they mainly included medium compositions and culture condition.The result showed that the optimal medium compositions for lipase production ...We studied some factors affecting the lipase production from candida rugosa, they mainly included medium compositions and culture condition.The result showed that the optimal medium compositions for lipase production are 0.1% glucose 4.0% olive oil (carbon source),0.3% NH 4NO 3(nitrogen source),1.2%K 2HPO 4 and 0.4%MgSO 4·7H 2O.And the optimal culture condition is initial pH6.5,temperature 30℃,agitation 180r/min and time 60h. As a result, and the lipase activity could reach 19.5u/mL.Meanwhile we found that the surfactant could be helpful to the lipase production, and the optimal surfactant concentration was 0.03% GPE.The lipase activity was improved by more than 170% after we optimized the medium compositions and culture condition.While in a 5L fermentator, the lipase activity of fermentation broth could reach 33.5u/mL within 48 hours.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82260402Basic Research Program of Guizhou Science and Technology Plan,No.ZK[2022]341Foundation of Key Laboratory of Education Department of Guizhou province,No.[2022]019.
文摘The following are our views regarding the“letter to the editor”(Helicobacter is preserved in yeast vacuoles!Does Koch’s postulates confirm it?)by Alipour and Gaeini,and the response“letter to the editor”(Candida accommodates nonculturable Helicobacter pylori in its vacuole-Koch’s postulates aren’t applicable)by Siavoshi and Saniee.Alipour and Gaeini rejected the methods,results,discussion,and conclusions summarized in a review article by Siavoshi and Saniee.The present article reviews and discusses evidence on the evolutionary adaptation of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)to thrive in Candida cell vacuoles and concludes that Candida could act as a Trojan horse,transporting potentially infectious H.pylori into the stomach of humans.
文摘Candida auris since it discovery in 2009 is becoming a severe threat to human health due to its very quickly spread, its worldwide high resistance to systemic antifungal drugs. In resource-constrained settings where several conditions are met for its emergence and spread, this worrisome fungus could cause large hospital and/or community-based outbreaks. This review aimed to summarize the available data on C. auris in Africa focusing on its epidemiology and antifungal resistance profile. Major databases were searched for articles on the epidemiology and antifungal resistance profile of C. auris in Africa. Out of 2,521 articles identified 22 met the inclusion criteria. In Africa, nearly 89% of African countries have no published data on C. auris. The prevalence of C. auris in Africa was 8.74%. The case fatality rate of C. auris infection in Africa was 39.46%. The main C. auris risk factors reported in Africa were cardiovascular disease, renal failure, diabetes, HIV, recent intake of antimicrobial drugs, ICU admissions, surgery, hemodialysis, parenteral nutrition and indwelling devices. Four phylogenetic clades were reported in Africa, namely clades I, II, III and IV. Candida auris showed a pan-African very high resistance rate to fluconazole, moderate resistance to amphotericin B, and high susceptibility to echinocandins. Finally, C. auris clade-specific mutations were observed within the ERG2, ERG3, ERG9, ERG11, FKS1, TAC1b and MRR1 genes in Africa. This systematic review showed the presence of C. auris in the African continent and a worrying unavailability of data on this resilient fungus in most African countries.
文摘Purpose: Recently, Candida haemulonii complex (Candida haemulonii, Candida duobushaemulonii and Candida haemulonii var. vulnera) and two genetically close species (Candida pseudohaemulonii and Candida auris) have emerged as an opportunistic fungal pathogen associated with various infectious diseases of humans, and most of those isolates have displayed antifungal resistance. Because it is difficult to differentiate these microorganisms by a current technique, unfortunately, it is important to establish a method for identifying them accurately. The purpose of the present study was to design species-specific primers in order to identify and detect C. auris, C. pseudohaemulonii, and C. haemulonii complex, i.e. , C. haemulonii, C. duobushaemulonii and C. haemulonii var. vulnera using a multiplex PCR. Methods: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers were designed based on partial sequences of the 26S rRNA, 18S rRNA, and RPB1 genes and ITS region of five Candida species. Results: The multiplex PCR method developed in this study was able to distinguish five Candida species clearly. Conclusion: Our developed one-step multiplex PCR method is accurate, specific, cost-effective, time-saving, and works without requiring DNA extraction.
文摘The rise in incidence rates of invasive candidiasis warrants an increase in atten-tion and efforts toward preventing and treating this virulent infection.Cardiac involvement is one of the most feared sequelae and has a poor prognosis.Despite the introduction of several novel antifungal agents over the past quarter century,complications and mortality rates due to Candida endocarditis have remained high.Although fungal endocarditis has a mechanism similar to bacterial endocar-ditis,no specific diagnostic criteria or algorithm exists to help guide its manage-ment.Furthermore,recent data has questioned the current guidelines recommen-ding a combined approach of antifungal agents with surgical valve or indwelling prostheses removal.With the emergence of multidrug-resistant Candida auris,a focus on improved prophylactic measures and management strategies is nece-ssary.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFC2102801)National Natural Science Foundation of China (21878221)+1 种基金the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21621004)the Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations for financial support.
文摘We described a novel polymer-lipase conjugate for high-efficient esterification of vitamin E using vitamin E and succinic anhydride as the substrates in nonaqueous media.In this work,the monomer,N-isopropylacrylamide(NIPAM),was grafted onto Candida rugosa lipase(CRL)to synthesize poly(NIPAM)(pNIPAM)-CRL conjugate by atom transfer radical polymerization via the initiator coupled on the surface of CRL.The result showed that the catalytic efficiencies of pNIPAM-CRL conjugates(19.5-30.3 L·s^(-1)·mmol^(-1))were at least 7 times higher than that of free CRL(2.36 L·s^(-1)·mmol^(-1))in DMSO.It was attributed to a significant increase in Kcat of the conjugates in nonaqueous media.The synthesis catalyzed by pNIPAM-CRL co njugates was influenced by the length and density of the grafted polymer,water content,solvent polarity and molar ratio of the substrates.In the optimal synthesis,the reaction time was shortened at least 7 times,and yields of vitamin E succinate by pNIPAM-g-CRL and free CRL were obtained to be 75.4%and 6.6%at 55℃after the reaction for 1.5 h.The result argued that conjugation with pNIPAM induced conformational change of the lid on CRL based on hydrophobic interaction,thus providing a higher possibility of catalysis-favorable conformation on CRL in nonaqueous media.Moreover,pNIPAM conjugation improved the thermal stability of CRL greatly,and the stability improved further with an increase of chain length of pNIPAM.At the optimal reaction conditions(55℃and 1.5 h),pNIPAM-g-CRL also exhibited good reusability in the enzymatic synthesis of vitamin E succinate and kept~70%of its catalytic activity after ten consecutive cycles.The research demonstrated that pNIPAM-g-CRL was a more competitive biocatalyst in the enzymatic synthesis of vitamin E succinate and exhibited good application potential under harsh industrial conditions.
文摘The prevalence of oral candidiasis has increased over recent years in patients with the compromised general condition. There are a large number of plant species that have been traditionally used for oral diseases by the Moroccan population. These species could provide a source for discovering new active principles of natural origin against Candida albicans involved in the appearance of candidiasis infections. Information was acquired using the electronic databases Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed. In the first part, this review presents the medicinal plants used by the Moroccan population for the treatment of oral disorders (Toothaches, gingivitis, ulcers, stomatitis, abscesses, ...). The second part describes different studies regarding the antifungal activity of essential oils and organic extracts of some Moroccan species against Candida albicans. Inhibition zone diameter (IZD), Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values of essential oils and plant’s extracts were noted. The third part concerns Moroccan plants with the antifungal activity that can be used in medical and agricultural fields. Several species of Moroccan plant proved their effectiveness against Candida albicans and can be used for the treatment of oral candidiasis. Further research should be undertaken in the future to investigate the toxicity of essential oils and plant extracts with antifungal properties for clinical use. This review provided an update on Moroccan plants presenting antifungal activity and especially those active against Candida albicans.
文摘BACKGROUND Warts are common in recipients of kidney transplantation(KT).Resistant warts which are not amenable to conventional therapies may lead to significant morbidity.Limited data exists on safety and efficacy of local immunotherapy among immunocompromised KT recipients.CASE SUMMARY We report a seven-year-old child who presented with recalcitrant plantar periungual warts in the early KT period.Immunosuppression consisted of tacrolimus,mycophenolate and steroid.Due to failure of conventional anti-wart therapies,he was treated with two sessions of intralesional(IL)candida immunotherapy along with liquid nitrogen cryotherapy leading to complete resolution of the warts.Interestingly,de novo BK viremia was seen about three weeks following the last candida immunotherapy.This required reduction of immunosuppression and other anti-BK viral therapies.Allograft function remained stable but there were donor specific antibodies detected.There also was elevated level of plasma donor derived cell-free DNA.A pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia occurred ten months following completion of immunotherapy that was successfully treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.During this ten-month follow-up period,there have been no recurrence of warts,and transplant kidney function has remained stable.CONCLUSION Stimulation of cell-mediated immunity against the human papilloma virus induced by the IL candida immunotherapy is thought to be a cause for wart resolution.With this therapy,whether it is necessary to augment the immunosuppression to prevent rejection is unclear as that may come with a risk of infectious complications.Larger,prospective studies in pediatric KT recipients are needed to explore these important issues.
文摘Samaranayake L. Commensal Oral Candida in Asian Cohorts. International Journal of Oral Science, 1 （1）： 2-5, 2009The oral carriage rate of Candida in healthy humans ranges from 40% to 60%. However for a prolonged period, the oral candidal prevalence in humans was documented essentially using data from studies in the West as their prevalence in inhabitants in different regions of the world,including Asia was not known. Yet, recent reports from a number of studies indicate the quality, quantity and prevalence of oral yeasts differ between Asia and other regions for reason that are still unclear. This mini review on such data from Asian studies on oral carriage of Candida provides another intriguing facet of the behavior of this ubiquitous yeast.
文摘We studied some factors affecting the lipase production from candida rugosa, they mainly included medium compositions and culture condition.The result showed that the optimal medium compositions for lipase production are 0.1% glucose 4.0% olive oil (carbon source),0.3% NH 4NO 3(nitrogen source),1.2%K 2HPO 4 and 0.4%MgSO 4·7H 2O.And the optimal culture condition is initial pH6.5,temperature 30℃,agitation 180r/min and time 60h. As a result, and the lipase activity could reach 19.5u/mL.Meanwhile we found that the surfactant could be helpful to the lipase production, and the optimal surfactant concentration was 0.03% GPE.The lipase activity was improved by more than 170% after we optimized the medium compositions and culture condition.While in a 5L fermentator, the lipase activity of fermentation broth could reach 33.5u/mL within 48 hours.
