美人蕉(Canna indica Linn)镉胁迫的抗氧化机理

采用水培的方式,探讨了不同Cd2+水平(0、1、2.5、7.5、15 mg.L-1)对美人蕉生物量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、植物螯合肽(PCs)、酸溶性SH、Cd含量的影响。结果表明,1 mg.L-1的Cd显著提高了美人蕉的生物量(p<0.05),促进了美人蕉的生长。随着Cd2+浓度的提高,SOD、POD、CAT活性以及MDA含量显著增加(p<0.05),表明美人蕉受到了活性氧物质的胁迫。美人蕉中GSH、PCs、SH含量也随Cd2+含量的增加而增加,表明Cd胁迫诱导了PCs的产生,有利于降低Cd对植物体本身的毒害,且根系中的含量均高于叶片。美人蕉中Cd含量随着Cd浓度的增加而显著增加,在15 mg.L-1处理时,地上部Cd含量达到555.4 mg.kg-1,表明美人蕉对Cd有较强的富集能力。

菲胁迫下湿生植物美人蕉(Canna indica)对斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)生长的影响

多环芳烃有机污染物的环境问题日益严重,亟待需求从群落及生态系统的角度进行毒理学复合危害效应的研究。本文采用以美人蕉(Canna indica)种植根区水培养斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)的方式,观察菲胁迫下其生长的变化。结果表明,美人蕉种植根区水对斜生栅藻生长具有化感效应,且表现为"低促高抑"的现象。而在菲胁迫下,种植根区水比例为15%和30%时随着菲浓度的增加,生长促进作用增强,且在菲浓度为1 mg·L-1出现最高值;在100%种植根区水时随着菲浓度的增加生长抑制作用增强。说明,菲胁迫使美人蕉种植根区水对藻类的化感效应增强。进行逻辑斯谛生长拟合发现,30%、1 mg·L-1处理组种群内禀增长率最高,斜生栅藻种群出现暴发增长的生态风险最大。

水生美人蕉(Canna glauca)与铜钱草(Hydrocotyle vulgaris)的光合特性及其对氮磷去除效果研究

为了探讨沟渠水生植物的光合特性及其氮磷去除效果,为水生植物应用于沟渠污染水体的生态修复及物种选择提供理论依据,以生态沟渠水生美人蕉与铜钱草两种水生植物为试验材料,在晴天采用便携式CID-340光合仪测定了净光合速率(Pn)等生理生态指标(光合有效辐射(PAR),气孔导度(Gs),胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和蒸腾速率(Tr)),并测定了沟渠水体的氮磷含量。结果表明:水生美人蕉和铜钱草在自然条件下叶片净光合速率日变化均呈双峰曲线,中午光合“午休”现象明显;水生美人蕉叶片净光合速率日均值大于铜钱草,其净光合速率受气孔导度的影响也最大,而铜钱草净光合速率则受光合有效辐射和气孔导度的影响较大;另外,水生美人蕉和铜钱草的净光合速率与沟渠总氮的去除效果呈显著正相关,而与总磷去除效果无显著正相关,因此,净光合速率可作为净化沟渠水体植物选择的重要依据之一。且由于水生美人蕉总氮的去除率与铜钱草相比有较大提高,可作为净化沟渠水体的优选植物,因此研究沟渠水生植物的光合特性对氮磷去除效果具有重要意义。

Plant growth,antioxidative enzyme,and cadmium tolerance responses to cadmium stress in Canna orchioides

The cadmium tolerance capacity of Canna orchioides was evaluated using glasshouse experiment to lay a theoretical foundation to broad applications of this species in cadmium(Cd)polluted areas.The plant growth,Cd absorption,and antioxidative enzyme activities of canna plants treated with different Cd concentrations(0,100,and 200mg·kg^(-1)per dry soil)for 30 days were investigated.The results indicated that the growth of roots,leaves and stems was restricted following Cd addition.The bio-concentration factor was the highest in the roots,followed by the leaves,rhizomes,and stems.Compared with the control,the translocation factor decreased sharply after 100mg·kg^(-1)or 200mg·kg^(-1)Cd treatment,whereas the tolerance index decreased significantly under 200mg·kg^(-1)Cd exposure.The Cd accumulation rate and total Cd accumulation significantly increased under 200mg·kg^(-1)Cd treatment than the control.Themalondialdehyde content remained unchanged at different Cd concentrations,while the relative electrical conductivity of the root increased significantly following 200mg·kg^(-1)Cd treatment.Cd stress increased significantly the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),and ascorbate peroxidase(APX)in the leaves,whereas only SOD was raised in the roots.The catalase(CAT)and POD activity in the roots did not differ significantly at different Cd concentrations.Conversely,APX in the roots decreased significantly under Cd stress,which suggests that the protective mechanisms in the leaves differ from those in the roots.These results indicated that C.orchioides has a high tolerance for Cd.Furthermore,the reactive oxygen species caused by Cd stress could be effectively scavenged by the antioxidative system.The present study proved that C.orchioides constitutes a promising ornamental plant for use in the restoration of areas contaminated with Cd.

蕉藕(Canna edulis)淀粉理化性质研究

对蕉藕(Canna edulis)淀粉的理化性质研究表明,蕉藕淀粉呈椭圆形或长蚌壳形,直径15～75μm,表面具轮纹,顶端有明显的偏光十字,糊化温度为60～85℃,粘度较高,直链淀粉含量39.46％。

Optimization of clear liquid fermentation condition for ethanol production from Canna edulis Kerl

In this paper, clear liquid fermentation condition for ethanol production from Canna edulis Kerl with orthogonal design was studied. We have studied five factors that influenced clear liquid fermentation condition for ethanol production from Canna edulis Kerl by the single-factor test. The five factors were α-amylase amount, glu-coamylase amount, pH, nitrogen and auxiliary materials amount. Selected the best amounts of α-amylase, glucoamylase, pH, nitrogen source and auxiliary materials by means of the singe- factors test. And then, we used the Orthogonal test to optimize the fermentation process. The study showed that the best fermentation condi-tions were α-amylase amount 7 u/g C.eduli, glu-coamylase amount 145u/g C. edulis, pH 4.4 and the amount of urea 0.08%, 1% of rice bran as auxiliary materials. The rate of alcohol which was produced by the best fermentation conditions is 21.5% that increased by 1.3% than the rate of alcohol by the single-factor test.

Integration of physical and chemical treatment on the extraction of starch from Canna edulis Ker. rhizome

The extraction ofCannaedulisKer. starch from its rhizome was performed using 2 different types of press (hydraulic press and screw press) and with the addition of Na-metabisulphite and NaOH (in the range of concentration 100 - 5000ppm each). The optimum condition for thisprocess was determined by Central Composite Design of experiment and the statistical calculation was solved by Design-Expert7.0.0. The targets of the observed responses were high starch yield, low ash, low fiber, and high carbohydrate content. The results showed that the starch yield and the reduction of fiber were only influenced by the physical treatment whereas ash content in the product was influenced byboth the NaOH concentration and physical treatment. The carbohydrate content in the extraction product was affected by NaOH, by the interaction between the concentrations of NaOH and Na2S2O5 and also by the physical treatment. The hydraulic press gives much better responses compared to the screw press.But in the selected range of additives concentrations,the screw press gives a higher starch yield(30%-52%).

美人蕉(Canna indica)内生细菌促生能力及其强化水体的净化作用

从美人蕉(Canna indica)植物体内分离内生细菌.通过测定内生细菌产吲哚乙酸(IAA)、铁载体、固氮、溶磷能力筛选出3株内生细菌C01、C16、C20.本试验的目的为评价接种内生细菌能否促进美人蕉种子萌发和幼苗生长,并通过小型浮床水质净化试验,评价接种内生细菌后的美人蕉对水体中营养物质的去除效果.结果表明:C01、C16、C20促进了美人蕉种子的萌发、生长,C16试验组萌发率为83.3%,显著高于对照组31.1%;C16显著提高了植株的株高和根长,分别比对照组高出23.33%、40.44%.水质净化实验阶段,C16试验组总磷、总氮的去除率分别达到88.4%、96.9%,分别比对照组高出26.4%、15.6%.最终,C01、C16试验组生物量、根长都显著高于对照组.C16试验组植株体内可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白显著高于对照组317.3%、97.8%.经鉴定,C01为荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens),C16为肠杆菌(Enterobacter sp.),C20为欧文氏菌(Erwinia sp.).

B.Canna创造与手造精神并存

打开B.Canna独创的实用好玩小玩意网站,粉粉嫩嫩的少女气息扑面而来,调皮可爱的手机座、另类个性的耳环、栩栩如生的即时贴、简洁独特的环保袋……你能想到的任何女孩子会喜欢的小玩意儿,在这里都可以找得到这就是B.Canna,带着Roxanna和Popcorn这两个志同道合的女孩子"创造与手造精神并存"梦想的B.Canna。

Optimisation of Adventitious Shoot Regeneration and Agrobacterium-mediated Transformation in Canna × generalis(Canna Lily)

Canna being ornamental plants has a significant role in agriculture, medical, economy and food industry. Canna has a limited vase life due to the rapid loss of moisture from its perianth. For improving its market value, cuticularisation of the perianth can be achieved by the expression of a heterologous cutin producing gene, using the tissue culture and transformation protocol developed in this study. Efficient, rapid and direct adventitious shoot regeneration was successfully established in Canna × generalis using recalcitrant rhizome explants. The explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine(6-BA), thidiazuron(TDZ), and kinetin. Among the four genotypes taken for tissue culture, the ‘Trinacria variegata' was the best responding cultivar. And 2 mg · L^(-1)6-BA or 1.5 mg · L^(-1) TDZ along with 0.1 mg · L^(-1) IAA was optimum for their regeneration. The highest regeneration was achieved in ‘Trinacria variegata'(36%) on 6-BA, 33% on TDZ while kinetin failed to evoke any regenerative responses. Regeneration was enhanced by supplementation of 100 mg · L^(-1) ascorbic acid(AsA), while, 100 mg · L^(-1) of l-cysteine or 100 mg · L^(-1) dithiothreitol(DTT), inhibited regeneration. Shoots were observed to develop 3–5 fibrous roots on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg · L^(-1) indole-3-butyric acid(IBA). The plantlets were transplanted into pots and acclimatised in glasshouse with 100%survival. For transformation of Canna, rhizome explants were co-cultivated for 60 min in Agrobacterium suspension. The explants were washed with 500 mg · L^(-1) cefotaxime solution, subjected to 100 mg · L^(-1) kanamycin selection followed by excision of the shoots and culturing them on IBA-supplemented media for root development. Transgene integration in the putative transformants was confirmed by PCR assay and copy number by Southern blot hybridisation analysis.

Microbial community variation in phytoremediation of triazophos by Canna indica Linn. in a hydroponic system

Phytoremediation of triazophos （O,O-diethyl-O-（1-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-base） sulfur phosphate, TAP） pollution by Canna indica Linn. in a hydroponic system has been well studied, whereas the microbial mechanism on TAP degradation is still unknown. The variation in microbial community compositions was investigated by analyzing phospholipid fatty acids （PLFAs） profiles in microbes under TAP exposure. The TAP exposure resulted in an increase in proportions of fatty acid 16：0 and decrease in fatty acid 18：2ω9,12c, indicating that TAP may stimulate the reproduction of microorganisms and inhibit the growth of fungi to some degree. Significant correlation was found between the ratio of fungi to bacteria and TAP removal （r 2 = 0.840, p 0.01）. In addition, the microbial community in the phytoremediation system with C. indica was dominated by Gram negative bacteria, which possibly contributed to the degradation of TAP. These results indicated that TAP might induce the colonization of bacteria in the hydroponic system planted with C. indica, and lead to a discrimination of microbial community, which might be one of the mechanisms on TAP dissipation in phytoremediation system.

Phosphate uptake and translocation in a tropical Canna-based constructed wetland

Introduction:Considering the problem of eutrophication of the water bodies,phosphate removal from water has emerged as a research of topical interest.The present study aims to investigate the efficacy of Canna lily-based constructed wetland to remove phosphate from wastewater.The translocation of phosphate in plant tissue and its biochemical transformation in sediments is also studied to understand its accumulation and recirculation within the system.Results:The removal of phosphate stabilized at around 50%in the present study and plant uptake was found to be the major removal mechanism.Average removal was 167 mg/m2 day for total phosphate and 84 mg/m2 day for available phosphate for an initial loading rate of 200 mg/m2 day and 85 mg/m2 day,respectively,at a HRT of 24 h.Most of the phosphate concentrated in above ground tissue of plant and its relative accumulation was maximum in flowers.Fractionation of phosphate in sediments confirmed removal by sediments with an accumulation of apatite phosphate(Ca and Mg bound),but release of non-apatite form(Fe and Al bound).Conclusion:The study concludes that Canna-based constructed wetland can be an effective tool for phosphate removal from wastewater and sediments particularly under tropical conditions.Regular harvesting of above ground tissue of Canna can result in nutrient export from the system,whereas autochthonous addition may result in recirculation.

贮藏温度对广西旱藕采后重要品质的影响

贮藏温度的变化会影响旱藕块茎品质的变化。为探究不同贮藏温度下旱藕块茎重要品质的变化规律,以广西天峨旱藕为试验材料,分析旱藕块茎在3个温度处理(低温6℃、常温25℃和高温35℃)下的营养品质指标变化。结果表明:贮藏0~9 d,3个温度处理的旱藕块茎含水量均显著降低,可溶性糖和还原糖含量均显著上升;贮藏9~15 d,低温和常温处理的旱藕含水量上升,可溶性糖和还原糖含量显著下降;贮藏15 d内,低温处理的旱藕可溶性蛋白含量总体随贮藏时间延长呈下降趋势,常温和高温处理样品可溶性蛋白含量呈无规律性变化;贮藏0~3 d,3个温度处理的旱藕总黄酮含量显著上升,淀粉含量显著下降,此后随贮藏时间延长低温处理样品的总黄酮含量呈显著下降趋势,但淀粉含量变化无规律性;贮藏0~12 d,低温处理的旱藕块茎淀粉得率显著上升,此后缓慢下降,但得率值仍高于未处理前样品。结合主成分和相关性分析结果,低温处理后的旱藕块茎更适合用于淀粉提取。研究结果可为广西旱藕贮藏、淀粉提取制备标准制定和企业加工工艺优化提供参考依据。

超声波辅助提取美人蕉叶总黄酮工艺及其抗氧化活性研究

为开发利用美人蕉资源,探究超声波对美人蕉叶总黄酮提取率的影响,采用响应面法优化了提取工艺,并评价了总黄酮的抗氧化活性。先通过单因素实验考察超声时间、超声温度、液料比和乙醇体积分数对美人蕉叶总黄酮提取率的影响,确定4个单因素的参数范围,再通过Design Expert 8.0.6进行4因素3水平的响应面设计及优化,最后通过美人蕉叶总黄酮对O_(2)^(-)、OH、DPPH自由基的清除能力确定了其抗氧化活性。结果表明,当超声时间为48 min、超声温度为66℃、液料比为61 mL/g和乙醇体积分数为75%时,美人蕉叶总黄酮的提取率最高,为37.53 mg/g,与预测值的相对误差为0.79%,表明该实验模型合理,适合于美人蕉叶总黄酮提取工艺的优化。美人蕉叶总黄酮对O_(2)^(-)、OH、DPPH自由基均表现出较强的清除能力,其IC_(50)值分别为423.90、203.40、78.28 mg/L。该研究为具生物活性的美人蕉叶总黄酮的开发与利用提供方向。

超声波辅助提取美人蕉叶多酚工艺及其抗氧化活性研究

以美人蕉叶为原料,通过单因素试验并结合响应面法,对超声波辅助乙醇溶液提取美人蕉叶多酚的工艺条件进行研究.选择乙醇浓度、液料比、超声温度和超声时间作为响应面因素,多酚提取率为响应值,确定了能够用于美人蕉叶多酚提取率进行分析和预测的二次多项式回归模型方程.结果表明,在乙醇浓度为57%、液料比为43 mL/g、超声温度为72℃、超声时间为50 min时,测得的美人蕉叶多酚提取率最高,达到18.89 mg/g,与理论上的美人蕉叶多酚提取率(19.15 mg/g)相对误差仅为1.36%,证实了该模型合理,预测可靠.所提取的美人蕉叶多酚对DPPH自由基和OH自由基具有一定的清除能力并呈现正相关关系,其IC50分别为49.99 mg/L和315.55 mg/L,证明了美人蕉叶多酚的抗氧化能力.

美人蕉黄条病毒扬州、长沙分离物全基因组的测定与序列分析

【目的】解析我国美人蕉黄条病毒(Canna yellow streak virus,CaYSV)的全基因组序列及遗传进化地位,为指导病害防控提供科学指导。【方法】通过反转录-聚合酶链式反应(Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,RT-PCR)技术和快速扩增cDNA末端(Rapid amplification of cDNA ends,RACE)技术从江苏扬州和湖南长沙采集到的美人蕉病样中,扩增获得CaYSV全基因组序列,并利用MegAlign、Mega11和RDP5软件对全基因组序列分别进行核苷酸一致率分析、系统进化分析和重组分析。【结果】除poly(A)外,扬州分离物和长沙分离物全基因序列均为9501 nt,开放阅读框(Open reading fragment,ORF)均为9123 nt,编码3040个氨基酸组成的多聚蛋白。序列分析表明,CaYSV扬州分离物和长沙分离物与已报道的CaYSV分离物全基因组核苷酸序列一致率分别为93.9%~99.4%和94.0%~99.5%。根据外壳蛋白(Coat protein,CP)氨基酸序列构建系统进化树,CaYSV可以分为A和B 2个大组,其中A组又分为3个亚组。重组分析表明,CaYSV扬州和长沙分离物中均存在1个重组事件。【结论】CaYSV存在于我国江苏扬州和湖南长沙的美人蕉上。根据CaYSV的CP蛋白氨基酸构建系统进化树,扬州分离物和长沙分离物聚类到A1亚组,与泰国分离物K2、PHC478及俄罗斯分离物KS等亲缘关系较近。

基于商用芭蕉芋RS3型抗性淀粉碳源的菌株筛选、分离与功能性评价

目的筛选、鉴定和功能性评价优势酵解商用芭蕉芋RS3型抗性淀粉的健康人体肠道菌,为商用芭蕉芋RS3型抗性淀粉合生元制剂提供高价值菌种。方法采用商用芭蕉芋RS3型抗性淀粉改良BHI固体培养基,筛选并鉴定优势酵解肠道菌,用DPPH自由基清除实验和ABTS自由基清除实验考察菌株抗氧化能力,用溶血性实验和药敏实验评价其安全性。结果菌株1-6和菌株S1能够发酵商用芭蕉芋RS3型抗性淀粉并显著降低体系pH值(P<0.05),经鉴定均为蜡样芽孢杆菌。两种菌株无细胞提取上清液对DPPH自由基清除率分别79.63%和51.56%,对ABTS自由基清除率分别为63.79%和39.39%。两种菌株均无溶血性且对抗菌药物敏感。结论菌株1-6与菌株S1具有抗氧化潜力且安全性高,可作为健康食品市场应用的高价值候选菌株。

芭蕉芋根部营养物质及化学成分的研究

试验旨在提高芭蕉芋在动物生产实践中的经济价值。按照国家标准测定芭蕉芋根营养物质、微量元素和氨基酸含量,使用液相色谱串联高分辨质谱仪定性和定量检测芭蕉芋根的活性物质。结果显示,芭蕉芋根中检测出营养物质有8种、微量元素7种、氨基酸15种及活性物质37种。芭蕉芋根营养物质中淀粉含量最高,达到44.90%,微量元素、氨基酸及活性物质含量较丰富。研究表明,芭蕉芋根是较好的饲料资源,其根部活性物质在动物生产中具有重要作用。

饲喂青贮芭蕉芋对肉牛生长性能及经济效益的影响

为研究青贮芭蕉芋对肉牛生长性能及经济效益的影响,将芭蕉芋进行青贮后饲喂肉牛,设置添加青贮芭蕉芋为试验组,未添加的为对照组,试验周期90 d,试验前后分别测量牛的体尺、体重,记录采食量,并计算平均日增重和料重比。试验结果显示,添加青贮芭蕉芋组的末重、平均日增重、体斜长、胸围、腹围显著高于对照组,料重比显著低于对照组。结果表明,添加青贮芭蕉芋饲喂肉牛可提高肉牛平均日增重,降低料重比,提高其生长性能,从而达到降低饲养成本,提高经济效益的目的。

几种湿地植物对重金属镉胁迫的生理生化响应

通过水培试验研究了不同质最浓度的重金属镉（0、20、30、40、50、60mg·L^-1）胁迫对水牛美人蕉（Canna glauca）、红蛋（Eehinodorus osiris）、风车草（Cyperus alternifolius）、彩叶草（Coleus blumeibenth）等湿地植物体内丙二醛、脯氨酸、镉的含量以及细胞膜的透性变化的影响，探讨了镉胁迫下不同湿地植物对镉的生理生化响应和耐受能力，为应用人工湿地处理含镉废水提供依据。研究结果表明，在镉胁迫下4种供试植物叶片的丙二醛含量和膜透性增加，并且试验条件下，培养液中镉质量浓度越高植物叶片中丙二醛细胞膜透性也越高；植物叶片中脯氨酸质量分数变化则有所不同，培养液中镉质量浓度处于0-40mg·L^-1时，脯氨酸质量分数随着镉质量浓度增加而增加，镉质量浓度高于40mg·L^-1，脯氨酸质量分数随着镉质量浓度的增加而降低。不同湿地植物对镉胁迫响应也显著不同，丙二醛含量、脯氨酸质量分数和细胞膜透性大小为：彩叶草〉风车草〉红蛋〉美人蕉。由此可见，4种供试植物耐受镉害的能力依次为：美人蕉〉红蛋〉风车草〉彩叶草。美人蕉和红蛋在含镉废水人工湿地生态工程修复中具有很好的应用前景。