Two field experiments were conducted during the main seasons of 2021/2022 at the Research and Production Station of National Research Centre in Egypt to investigate the effects of farmyard manure(FYM)and boron on Cano...Two field experiments were conducted during the main seasons of 2021/2022 at the Research and Production Station of National Research Centre in Egypt to investigate the effects of farmyard manure(FYM)and boron on Canola growth,yield,oil yield,and quality.The results unequivocally demonstrated that the combined application of FYM at a rate of 14.4 ton ha^(-1)with a foliar spray of boron at 100 ppm positively influenced plant characteristics,leading to enhanced growth rates and higher yields compared to the control group.Moreover,this integrated approach significantly improved nutrient content by enhancing levels of oil content,carbohydrates,proteins,phenolics,flavonoids,and total soluble sugars.These findings provide compelling evidence that utilizing farm manure along with boron can effectively enhance Canola properties in newly reclaimed soils while promoting sustainable agricultural practices.展开更多
The effects of exogenous ascorbic acid and silicium on leaf fresh weigh, seed yield, photosynthesis, changes of the activities of major antioxidant enzymes, nitrate reductase activity, proline accumulation, chlorophyl...The effects of exogenous ascorbic acid and silicium on leaf fresh weigh, seed yield, photosynthesis, changes of the activities of major antioxidant enzymes, nitrate reductase activity, proline accumulation, chlorophyll content, and fatty acid composition were investigated in salt-stressed canola. A hydroponic pot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design, factorial arrangement was used with 16 combinations of salinity stress (0, 100, 200, and 300 mmol L-1 NaC1), ascorbic acid (0 and 30 mmol L-1), and silicium (2 and 4 mmol L-1 from potassium silicate) with three replicates. The results showed that salinity significantly decreased leaf area and leaf fresh weight, seed yield, photosynthesis, nitrate reductase activity, chlorophyll content, and seed protein percentage. Conversely, respiration, antioxidant enzymes activity, proline accumulation, and linolenic acid percentage increased due to salt stress. Ascorbic acid application improved photosynthesis and seed yield and mitigated antioxidant enzyme activity. In addition, nitrate reductase activity and chlorophyll a and b were positively affected by ascorbic acid. Regarding silicium application, that was found that leaf area, leaf fresh weight, seed yield and photosynthesis, ascorbate peroxidase activity, nitrate reductase activity, and chlorophyll content increased, while respiration decreased. Furthermore, silicium had not significant effect on antioxidant enzyme activity. In general, ascorbic acid and silicium were involved in the defensive mechanisms against salinity stress and it can be suggested that, ascorbic acid and silicium application had positive effect on canola growth under conditions of salt stress.展开更多
Field experiments were conducted at Cereal Crops Research Institute, Pirsabak, Nowshera, Pakistan, during winter 2003~2004 and 2004~2005 to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and sulfur levels and methods of nitrogen app...Field experiments were conducted at Cereal Crops Research Institute, Pirsabak, Nowshera, Pakistan, during winter 2003~2004 and 2004~2005 to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and sulfur levels and methods of nitrogen application on canola (Brassica napus L. cv. Bulbul-98) under rainfed conditions. Four levels of S (0, 10, 20, and 30 kg/ha) and three levels of N (40, 60, and 80 kg/ha) and a control treatment with both nutrients at zero level were included in the experiments. Sulfur levels were applied at sowing while N levels were applied by three methods (100% soil application, 90% soil+10% foliar application, and 80% soil +20% foliar application). The experiments were laid out in randomized complete block (RCB) design having four replications. Oil content increased significantly up to 20 kg S/ha but further increase in S level did not enhance oil content. Glucosinolate content increased from 13.6 to 24.6 μmol/g as S rate was increased from 0 to 30 kg/ha. Protein content increased from 22.4% to 23.2% as S rate was increased from 0 to 20 kg/ha. Oil content responded negatively to the increasing N levels. The highest N level resulted in the highest values for protein (23.5%) and glucosinolate (19.9 μmol/g) contents. Methods of N application had no significant impact on any parameters under study.展开更多
Seedling of five canola genotypes, Hyola 308, Hyola 401, Hyola 60, Option 50 and RGS003, were grown in Hoagland nutrient solution containing S1 = 0, S2 = 100, S3 = 200 and S4 = 300 mmol L-1 NaCl in controlled environm...Seedling of five canola genotypes, Hyola 308, Hyola 401, Hyola 60, Option 50 and RGS003, were grown in Hoagland nutrient solution containing S1 = 0, S2 = 100, S3 = 200 and S4 = 300 mmol L-1 NaCl in controlled environment. Proline, antioxidant activities like catalase (CAT), ascobrate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and some enzyme activities of nucleic acid metabolism were determined in shoot and root 20 days after induction of salinity stress. Results showed application of stress significantly affected plant growth components such as fresh (FW) and dry weight (DW) of canola genotypes. Among the genotypes, RGS003 had the highest reduction of FW and DW in S3 treatment. By increasing NaCl levels from 0 to 300 mmol L-1, the activity of two antioxidant enzymes (APX and CAT) in shoot and root increased but GPX in all of genotypes decreased. The increase in salinity stress, increased proline concentration in both root and shoot tissues of canola genotypes. Hyola 401 genotype had the maximum concentration of proline in root and shoot in S3 treatment. Along with increased salinity stress in all of the studied plants, salinity significantly increased the level of the total nucleic acid and the activity of DNase I in all of salinity treatments and at the S3 level, RGS003 had the maximum concentration of nucleolytic enzyme.展开更多
Canola crop is rich in plant biomass. It is considered a major cash crop in North America and a potential source for biofuel. We evaluated six strains of white rot basidiomycetes under solid state fermentation (SSF) f...Canola crop is rich in plant biomass. It is considered a major cash crop in North America and a potential source for biofuel. We evaluated six strains of white rot basidiomycetes under solid state fermentation (SSF) for their potentials to secrete oxidative and hydrolytic enzymes to biodegrade canola plant biomass (CPB), and release sugars. Fuscoporia gilva and Pleurotus tuberregium produced high amount of laccase (440.86 U/L and 480.63 U/L at day 7), as well as carboxylmethylcellulase (CMCase) (4.78 U/mL at day 21 and 3.13 U/mL at day 14) and xylanase (4.48 U/mL and 7.8 U/mL at day 21), respectively. Bjerkandera adusta showed high amount of MnP (50.4 U/L) and peroxidase (64.5 U/L), relative to the other strains. Loss of organic matter peaked after 21 days of incubation in all the tested strains;however, the best result (34.0%) was shown in P. tuberregium. The highest lignin loss was observed in Coriolopsis caperata strains. Among the sugar polymers, hemicellulose was highly degraded by P. tuberregium and P. pulmonarius (4.1% - 4.6%), while cellulose (3.3% - 4.3%) was mainly degraded by F. gilva and B. adusta. Glucose was the dominant sugar released by all the fungi tested, with the highest concentration of 1.25 mg/mL produced by B. adusta at day 14 of incubation. Results indicate that selected white rot fungi can achieve significant delignification of CPB within 14 days of solid state fermentation. Their importance in low cost pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass prior to conversion into biofuels and bio-products of economic importance is discussed.展开更多
Whether different field treatments such as straight cut, swathing, or pre-harvest aid application can influence the canola storage is the critical information for growers. The effect of these different field treatment...Whether different field treatments such as straight cut, swathing, or pre-harvest aid application can influence the canola storage is the critical information for growers. The effect of these different field treatments on the infection and development of microflora on canola seeds with 9%, 11%, and 14% moisture content at 20°C, 25°C, 30°C and 35°C was determined. To evaluate the microfloral infection and development, concentration of CO2 and O2 in 150 g canola bulks were measured every 3 d. At the beginning and end of the study (66 d), the seed moisture content, germination, visible mold, invisible fungal infection, and yellow seed count were measured. The swathed and nature ripened canola had a slightly higher respiration rate at ≥30°C and ≥ 2 wk than the seeds with other field treatments. The swathed canola had a marginally lower initial germination and higher germination at 66 d. The Glyphosate treated and nature ripened canola seeds had a slightly higher chance of visible model development. However, all these differences were not significant at α = 0.05 level and different field treatments and storage conditions did not influence the yellow seed count.展开更多
Dietary oils have critical influences on human health,and thermally cooking or frying modify the components and nutritional functions of oils.Palm oil was the most widely used oil in food processing industry,but its h...Dietary oils have critical influences on human health,and thermally cooking or frying modify the components and nutritional functions of oils.Palm oil was the most widely used oil in food processing industry,but its health effects remain debatable.In the current study,we aimed to compare the effects of thermally oxidized palm oil and canola oil on gut microbiota.Palm oil or canola oil were heated at 180°C for 10 h to prepare high-fat diets.Rats were fed high-fat diets for 3 months,and hematological properties,gut microflora composition and intestinal gene expression were examined.The results indicated that heated canola oil consumption elevated plasma total cholesterol and LDL-c levels compared with unheated canola oil,but heated palm oil do not had these effects;and consumption of heated palm oil significantly elevated the relative abundance of Lactobacillucs and Roseburia in gut,compared with non-heated palm oil or two canola oil groups.Moreover,intestinal expression of IL-22 was increased in heated palm oil fed animal,though ZO-1 and GPR41 were reduced.In conclusion,heating process may enhance the effects of palm oil on proliferation of probiotics Lactobacillucs,and weaken the effects of canola oil on cholesterol transport and metabolism.展开更多
Canola plants were fumigated in open-top chambers with ozone(O3)(120 ppb)under well-watered(WW)and water-stressed(WS)conditions for 4 weeks.Non-fumigated plants were also studied to facilitate comparison betwe...Canola plants were fumigated in open-top chambers with ozone(O3)(120 ppb)under well-watered(WW)and water-stressed(WS)conditions for 4 weeks.Non-fumigated plants were also studied to facilitate comparison between treatments for the same week and over time.Therefore,the treatments were:WW,WW-O3,WS and WS-O3.The fast chlorophyll a fluorescence transients OJIP for the four treatments emitted upon illumination of dark-adapted leaves were measured after week 1,2,3,4 and analysed by the JIP-test to evaluate the resulting changes in photosynthetic performance.Ozone fumigation led to a decline of total performance index(PI(total))in well-watered plants.The effect of O3 was minor under drought conditions,as revealed by a decrease of PI(total) by 3%.The PI(total) decreased as the treatment was prolonged,due to leaf ageing for all cases and the decline was more pronounced under WW-O3.Taking the average of all weeks,WW had the highest PI(total)and the lowest WW-O3(decrease by 27%),while in WS and WS-O3,it was lower than WW(14 and 17%,respectively).We found that the absorption(ABS)/reaction centre(RC)increases,while the maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry(φ(Po))undergoes slight changes,and trapping(TR0)/RC closely followed the increase in ABS/RC.This indicates that O3and drought caused an increase in the functional antenna size.The maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry showed slight differences for all treatments and over time,suggesting that this parameter is less sensitive to drought and O3 stress.Therefore,the more sensitive components of the photosynthetic electron transport chain appeared to be the probability that an electron from the intersystem electron carriers is transferred to reduce end electron acceptors at the PSI acceptor side(δ(Ro))and the RC density on a chlorophyll basis(RC/ABS).展开更多
Annual legumes have been shown to enhance the growth and phosphorus (P) uptake by following rotational crops. However, there is lack of information on the effect of perennial forage legumes included in rotation for a ...Annual legumes have been shown to enhance the growth and phosphorus (P) uptake by following rotational crops. However, there is lack of information on the effect of perennial forage legumes included in rotation for a short duration on yield and P uptake of crops like wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and canola (Brassica napus L.) grown after the forage legume. A field study was conducted in four soil zones of Saskatchewan, Canada to assess: 1) the effect of two years of forage legume versus annual cereal, oilseed and grain legume on yield and P uptake of wheat and canola grown in the two subsequent years and 2) the effect of the complete four-year rotation on soil P dynamics and P balance. Four different crop sequences (alfalfa-alfalfa, red clover-red clover, barley-pea and barley-flax) employed over the first two years of crop rotation were compared as treatments followed by wheat and canola. Wheat grain yield was improved 32% - 60% by alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and red clover (Trifolium pretense L.) rotations at three of the four sites (P = 0.008, P = 0.001, P < 0.0001) compared to annual grains, while grain P uptake was enhanced 38% - 43% by red clover and alfalfa rotation at two sites (P = 0.013, P = 0.033). In the following year, positive yield benefits (55% - 64%) of having two years of alfalfa and red clover were observed at three sites. Four years of continuous cropping with a limited addition of fertilizer P resulted in a negative soil P balance and significant depletion of soil P fertility at all locations.展开更多
基金supported and funded by National Research Centre,Egypt
文摘Two field experiments were conducted during the main seasons of 2021/2022 at the Research and Production Station of National Research Centre in Egypt to investigate the effects of farmyard manure(FYM)and boron on Canola growth,yield,oil yield,and quality.The results unequivocally demonstrated that the combined application of FYM at a rate of 14.4 ton ha^(-1)with a foliar spray of boron at 100 ppm positively influenced plant characteristics,leading to enhanced growth rates and higher yields compared to the control group.Moreover,this integrated approach significantly improved nutrient content by enhancing levels of oil content,carbohydrates,proteins,phenolics,flavonoids,and total soluble sugars.These findings provide compelling evidence that utilizing farm manure along with boron can effectively enhance Canola properties in newly reclaimed soils while promoting sustainable agricultural practices.
基金carried out in the frame work of the project(2-033-180000-03-0000-85013) funded by Iranian Ministry of Jahade Agriculture, Agricultural Extension, Education and Research Organization
文摘The effects of exogenous ascorbic acid and silicium on leaf fresh weigh, seed yield, photosynthesis, changes of the activities of major antioxidant enzymes, nitrate reductase activity, proline accumulation, chlorophyll content, and fatty acid composition were investigated in salt-stressed canola. A hydroponic pot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design, factorial arrangement was used with 16 combinations of salinity stress (0, 100, 200, and 300 mmol L-1 NaC1), ascorbic acid (0 and 30 mmol L-1), and silicium (2 and 4 mmol L-1 from potassium silicate) with three replicates. The results showed that salinity significantly decreased leaf area and leaf fresh weight, seed yield, photosynthesis, nitrate reductase activity, chlorophyll content, and seed protein percentage. Conversely, respiration, antioxidant enzymes activity, proline accumulation, and linolenic acid percentage increased due to salt stress. Ascorbic acid application improved photosynthesis and seed yield and mitigated antioxidant enzyme activity. In addition, nitrate reductase activity and chlorophyll a and b were positively affected by ascorbic acid. Regarding silicium application, that was found that leaf area, leaf fresh weight, seed yield and photosynthesis, ascorbate peroxidase activity, nitrate reductase activity, and chlorophyll content increased, while respiration decreased. Furthermore, silicium had not significant effect on antioxidant enzyme activity. In general, ascorbic acid and silicium were involved in the defensive mechanisms against salinity stress and it can be suggested that, ascorbic acid and silicium application had positive effect on canola growth under conditions of salt stress.
基金the Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan
文摘Field experiments were conducted at Cereal Crops Research Institute, Pirsabak, Nowshera, Pakistan, during winter 2003~2004 and 2004~2005 to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and sulfur levels and methods of nitrogen application on canola (Brassica napus L. cv. Bulbul-98) under rainfed conditions. Four levels of S (0, 10, 20, and 30 kg/ha) and three levels of N (40, 60, and 80 kg/ha) and a control treatment with both nutrients at zero level were included in the experiments. Sulfur levels were applied at sowing while N levels were applied by three methods (100% soil application, 90% soil+10% foliar application, and 80% soil +20% foliar application). The experiments were laid out in randomized complete block (RCB) design having four replications. Oil content increased significantly up to 20 kg S/ha but further increase in S level did not enhance oil content. Glucosinolate content increased from 13.6 to 24.6 μmol/g as S rate was increased from 0 to 30 kg/ha. Protein content increased from 22.4% to 23.2% as S rate was increased from 0 to 20 kg/ha. Oil content responded negatively to the increasing N levels. The highest N level resulted in the highest values for protein (23.5%) and glucosinolate (19.9 μmol/g) contents. Methods of N application had no significant impact on any parameters under study.
文摘Seedling of five canola genotypes, Hyola 308, Hyola 401, Hyola 60, Option 50 and RGS003, were grown in Hoagland nutrient solution containing S1 = 0, S2 = 100, S3 = 200 and S4 = 300 mmol L-1 NaCl in controlled environment. Proline, antioxidant activities like catalase (CAT), ascobrate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and some enzyme activities of nucleic acid metabolism were determined in shoot and root 20 days after induction of salinity stress. Results showed application of stress significantly affected plant growth components such as fresh (FW) and dry weight (DW) of canola genotypes. Among the genotypes, RGS003 had the highest reduction of FW and DW in S3 treatment. By increasing NaCl levels from 0 to 300 mmol L-1, the activity of two antioxidant enzymes (APX and CAT) in shoot and root increased but GPX in all of genotypes decreased. The increase in salinity stress, increased proline concentration in both root and shoot tissues of canola genotypes. Hyola 401 genotype had the maximum concentration of proline in root and shoot in S3 treatment. Along with increased salinity stress in all of the studied plants, salinity significantly increased the level of the total nucleic acid and the activity of DNase I in all of salinity treatments and at the S3 level, RGS003 had the maximum concentration of nucleolytic enzyme.
文摘Canola crop is rich in plant biomass. It is considered a major cash crop in North America and a potential source for biofuel. We evaluated six strains of white rot basidiomycetes under solid state fermentation (SSF) for their potentials to secrete oxidative and hydrolytic enzymes to biodegrade canola plant biomass (CPB), and release sugars. Fuscoporia gilva and Pleurotus tuberregium produced high amount of laccase (440.86 U/L and 480.63 U/L at day 7), as well as carboxylmethylcellulase (CMCase) (4.78 U/mL at day 21 and 3.13 U/mL at day 14) and xylanase (4.48 U/mL and 7.8 U/mL at day 21), respectively. Bjerkandera adusta showed high amount of MnP (50.4 U/L) and peroxidase (64.5 U/L), relative to the other strains. Loss of organic matter peaked after 21 days of incubation in all the tested strains;however, the best result (34.0%) was shown in P. tuberregium. The highest lignin loss was observed in Coriolopsis caperata strains. Among the sugar polymers, hemicellulose was highly degraded by P. tuberregium and P. pulmonarius (4.1% - 4.6%), while cellulose (3.3% - 4.3%) was mainly degraded by F. gilva and B. adusta. Glucose was the dominant sugar released by all the fungi tested, with the highest concentration of 1.25 mg/mL produced by B. adusta at day 14 of incubation. Results indicate that selected white rot fungi can achieve significant delignification of CPB within 14 days of solid state fermentation. Their importance in low cost pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass prior to conversion into biofuels and bio-products of economic importance is discussed.
文摘Whether different field treatments such as straight cut, swathing, or pre-harvest aid application can influence the canola storage is the critical information for growers. The effect of these different field treatments on the infection and development of microflora on canola seeds with 9%, 11%, and 14% moisture content at 20°C, 25°C, 30°C and 35°C was determined. To evaluate the microfloral infection and development, concentration of CO2 and O2 in 150 g canola bulks were measured every 3 d. At the beginning and end of the study (66 d), the seed moisture content, germination, visible mold, invisible fungal infection, and yellow seed count were measured. The swathed and nature ripened canola had a slightly higher respiration rate at ≥30°C and ≥ 2 wk than the seeds with other field treatments. The swathed canola had a marginally lower initial germination and higher germination at 66 d. The Glyphosate treated and nature ripened canola seeds had a slightly higher chance of visible model development. However, all these differences were not significant at α = 0.05 level and different field treatments and storage conditions did not influence the yellow seed count.
基金Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2017CFB275)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31271855 and 81402669)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Wuhan Polytechnic University(2019J04).
文摘Dietary oils have critical influences on human health,and thermally cooking or frying modify the components and nutritional functions of oils.Palm oil was the most widely used oil in food processing industry,but its health effects remain debatable.In the current study,we aimed to compare the effects of thermally oxidized palm oil and canola oil on gut microbiota.Palm oil or canola oil were heated at 180°C for 10 h to prepare high-fat diets.Rats were fed high-fat diets for 3 months,and hematological properties,gut microflora composition and intestinal gene expression were examined.The results indicated that heated canola oil consumption elevated plasma total cholesterol and LDL-c levels compared with unheated canola oil,but heated palm oil do not had these effects;and consumption of heated palm oil significantly elevated the relative abundance of Lactobacillucs and Roseburia in gut,compared with non-heated palm oil or two canola oil groups.Moreover,intestinal expression of IL-22 was increased in heated palm oil fed animal,though ZO-1 and GPR41 were reduced.In conclusion,heating process may enhance the effects of palm oil on proliferation of probiotics Lactobacillucs,and weaken the effects of canola oil on cholesterol transport and metabolism.
基金supported by the Cuomo Foundation through the partnership with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Scholarship Programmeby the Applied Centre for Climate and Earth Systems Science (ACCESS), South Africa
文摘Canola plants were fumigated in open-top chambers with ozone(O3)(120 ppb)under well-watered(WW)and water-stressed(WS)conditions for 4 weeks.Non-fumigated plants were also studied to facilitate comparison between treatments for the same week and over time.Therefore,the treatments were:WW,WW-O3,WS and WS-O3.The fast chlorophyll a fluorescence transients OJIP for the four treatments emitted upon illumination of dark-adapted leaves were measured after week 1,2,3,4 and analysed by the JIP-test to evaluate the resulting changes in photosynthetic performance.Ozone fumigation led to a decline of total performance index(PI(total))in well-watered plants.The effect of O3 was minor under drought conditions,as revealed by a decrease of PI(total) by 3%.The PI(total) decreased as the treatment was prolonged,due to leaf ageing for all cases and the decline was more pronounced under WW-O3.Taking the average of all weeks,WW had the highest PI(total)and the lowest WW-O3(decrease by 27%),while in WS and WS-O3,it was lower than WW(14 and 17%,respectively).We found that the absorption(ABS)/reaction centre(RC)increases,while the maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry(φ(Po))undergoes slight changes,and trapping(TR0)/RC closely followed the increase in ABS/RC.This indicates that O3and drought caused an increase in the functional antenna size.The maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry showed slight differences for all treatments and over time,suggesting that this parameter is less sensitive to drought and O3 stress.Therefore,the more sensitive components of the photosynthetic electron transport chain appeared to be the probability that an electron from the intersystem electron carriers is transferred to reduce end electron acceptors at the PSI acceptor side(δ(Ro))and the RC density on a chlorophyll basis(RC/ABS).
文摘Annual legumes have been shown to enhance the growth and phosphorus (P) uptake by following rotational crops. However, there is lack of information on the effect of perennial forage legumes included in rotation for a short duration on yield and P uptake of crops like wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and canola (Brassica napus L.) grown after the forage legume. A field study was conducted in four soil zones of Saskatchewan, Canada to assess: 1) the effect of two years of forage legume versus annual cereal, oilseed and grain legume on yield and P uptake of wheat and canola grown in the two subsequent years and 2) the effect of the complete four-year rotation on soil P dynamics and P balance. Four different crop sequences (alfalfa-alfalfa, red clover-red clover, barley-pea and barley-flax) employed over the first two years of crop rotation were compared as treatments followed by wheat and canola. Wheat grain yield was improved 32% - 60% by alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and red clover (Trifolium pretense L.) rotations at three of the four sites (P = 0.008, P = 0.001, P < 0.0001) compared to annual grains, while grain P uptake was enhanced 38% - 43% by red clover and alfalfa rotation at two sites (P = 0.013, P = 0.033). In the following year, positive yield benefits (55% - 64%) of having two years of alfalfa and red clover were observed at three sites. Four years of continuous cropping with a limited addition of fertilizer P resulted in a negative soil P balance and significant depletion of soil P fertility at all locations.