The paper reports that Hfrio dielectric is deposited by reactive co-sputtering of Hf and Ti targets in an Ar/O2 ambience, followed by an annealing in different gas ambiences of N2, NO and NH3 at 600℃ for 2 min. Capac...The paper reports that Hfrio dielectric is deposited by reactive co-sputtering of Hf and Ti targets in an Ar/O2 ambience, followed by an annealing in different gas ambiences of N2, NO and NH3 at 600℃ for 2 min. Capacitancevoltage and gate-leakage properties are characterized and compared. The results indicate that the NO-annealed sample exhibits the lowest interface-state and dielectric-charge densities and best device reliability. This is attributed to the fact that nitridation can create strong Si≡N bonds to passivate dangling Si bonds and replace strained Si-O bonds, thus the sample forms a hardened dielectric/Si interface with high reliability.展开更多
Nanosized Ni-Mn oxide powders have been successfully citrate gel precursors. The powder materials derived from prepared by thermal decomposition of the Ni-Mn calcination of the gel precursors with various molar ratios...Nanosized Ni-Mn oxide powders have been successfully citrate gel precursors. The powder materials derived from prepared by thermal decomposition of the Ni-Mn calcination of the gel precursors with various molar ratios of nickel and manganese at different temperatures and time were characterized using thermal analysis （TG-DSC）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller （BET）. The optimized processing conditions of calcination at 400℃ for 1 h with Ni/Mn molar ratio 6 were proved to produce the nanosized Ni-Mn oxide powders with a high specific surface area of 109.62 m^2/g and nanometer particle sizes of 15-30 nm. The capacitance characteristics of the nanosized Ni-Mn oxide electrode in various concentrations of KOH solutions were studied by the cyclic voltammetry （CV） and exhibited both a doublelayer capacitance and a Faradaic capacitance which could be attributed to the electrode consisting of Ni-Mn oxides and residual carbons from the organic gel thermal decomposition. A specific capacitance of 194.8 F/g was obtained for the electrode at the sweep rate of 10 mV/s in 4 mol/L KOH electrolyte and the capacitor showed quite high cyclic stability and is promising for advanced electrochemical capacitors.展开更多
A portable and low-cost design of parallel-plate capacitor sensor is proposed and investigated for detection of heavy and alkali metal ions concentration in liquid solution.The application of a thin and long-sided par...A portable and low-cost design of parallel-plate capacitor sensor is proposed and investigated for detection of heavy and alkali metal ions concentration in liquid solution.The application of a thin and long-sided parallel PCB plate allows one to measure the dielectric response of each sample through capacitive sensing technique.The measurements were based on the peak output voltage corresponding to the capacitance of the output measured by an oscilloscope with metal ions concentration of the solution varying from 0 to 10 ppm and input frequency ranging from 1 kHz to 10 MHz.The ICF of Li,Na and K in chloride solution was 2.4,2.1 and 1.9 MHz,respectively.The ICF of Na and K in hydroxide solution was 1.5 MHz and 1.1 MHz,respectively,while the ICF of Pb(NO_(3))_(2)was 490 kHz.The detected ICF was applied to further construct the portable sensor system,which is simple in design,low-cost in fabrication and easy to operate.The finding of ICF of each chemical element is necessary to solve the selectivity challenge of the capacitance-based sensor,which will be appropriate for chemical,environmental and engineering applications.展开更多
Since the invention of Leyden jar in 1746, the definitional formula for capacitance had been used for calculating the capacitance of various capacitors all along. However, a general formula reflecting this capacitive ...Since the invention of Leyden jar in 1746, the definitional formula for capacitance had been used for calculating the capacitance of various capacitors all along. However, a general formula reflecting this capacitive character had not yet come into the notice of academic circles, though all the calculations indicate that the capacitance of any capacitor depends on展开更多
三电平Buck-Boost变流器具有双向馈能和能量传输高效的特点。针对直流电容器容值衰退和IGBT开路故障两种典型失效模式,提出了一种利用变流器自身传感器同时对直流电容容值衰退和IGBT开路故障非侵入式在线监测的方法。首先,分析了三电平B...三电平Buck-Boost变流器具有双向馈能和能量传输高效的特点。针对直流电容器容值衰退和IGBT开路故障两种典型失效模式,提出了一种利用变流器自身传感器同时对直流电容容值衰退和IGBT开路故障非侵入式在线监测的方法。首先,分析了三电平Buck-Boost变流器开关运行模态及其切换顺序。然后,采用特定开关模态消除直流电容等效串联电阻(equivalent series resistance,ESR)影响,分别推导了子模块电容的容值特征解析表达式。最后,利用每个开关周期计算出的等效容值特征检测和定位IGBT开路故障。仿真和实验结果表明:利用开关模态容值特征能够同时监测三电平Buck-Boost变流器直流电容状态和IGBT开路故障,平均容值监测误差小于1%且可以消除ESR的影响,利用容值特征畸变能够在2~3个开关周期内检测出IGBT开路故障。展开更多
为研究电容式电压互感器(CVT)因主电路工作在工频谐振造成其频率特性发生畸变而导致谐波测量结果失真问题,在仿真谐振型和速饱和型两种类型CVT的频率特性曲线基础上,通过电能质量扰动装置,进行110 k V两种型号CVT的谐波测量误差试验。...为研究电容式电压互感器(CVT)因主电路工作在工频谐振造成其频率特性发生畸变而导致谐波测量结果失真问题,在仿真谐振型和速饱和型两种类型CVT的频率特性曲线基础上,通过电能质量扰动装置,进行110 k V两种型号CVT的谐波测量误差试验。试验验证了仿真模型的正确性且杂散电容也是影响CVT频率特性的原因之一。试验结果表明:通过CVT测量谐波幅值和相位存在很大的误差,某些频率下幅值最大可能达到实际值的2倍以上,最小仅为实际值的30%左右,相位也出现在某些频率下120°突变的问题;不同厂家不同型号的CVT之间的误差特性不同,而同厂家同型号CVT的谐波测量误差特性基本一致。最后针对现场大量应用CVT进行谐波测量的问题提出了应用电容式分压器测量、通过接地回路电流测量、采用带谐波测量功能的特种CVT测量以及对测量结果进行修正等改进意见。展开更多
针对电容式电压互感器(capacitor voltage transformer,CVT)的谐波传递特性,综合考虑杂散电容等因素影响,建立等效电路模型,采用逐级计算各级等效阻抗和传递函数的方法,对CVT谐波传递特性进行深入计算和分析。基于Matlab/Simulink仿真...针对电容式电压互感器(capacitor voltage transformer,CVT)的谐波传递特性,综合考虑杂散电容等因素影响,建立等效电路模型,采用逐级计算各级等效阻抗和传递函数的方法,对CVT谐波传递特性进行深入计算和分析。基于Matlab/Simulink仿真工具对CVT谐波传递特性开展了仿真验证,并针对实际CVT开展了CVT谐波传递特性和测量误差的实际物理试验研究,试验结果与仿真分析结果具有较好的一致性。发现影响CVT谐波传递特性的因素不仅是LC串联谐振回路额定工作点的偏移,中间变压器一次侧和补偿电抗器的杂散电容对CVT谐波传递特性有着重要影响,传递函数幅频特性曲线呈现尖峰和低谷效应,导致较大的测量误差。展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No 60376019）.
文摘The paper reports that Hfrio dielectric is deposited by reactive co-sputtering of Hf and Ti targets in an Ar/O2 ambience, followed by an annealing in different gas ambiences of N2, NO and NH3 at 600℃ for 2 min. Capacitancevoltage and gate-leakage properties are characterized and compared. The results indicate that the NO-annealed sample exhibits the lowest interface-state and dielectric-charge densities and best device reliability. This is attributed to the fact that nitridation can create strong Si≡N bonds to passivate dangling Si bonds and replace strained Si-O bonds, thus the sample forms a hardened dielectric/Si interface with high reliability.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.50134020.
文摘Nanosized Ni-Mn oxide powders have been successfully citrate gel precursors. The powder materials derived from prepared by thermal decomposition of the Ni-Mn calcination of the gel precursors with various molar ratios of nickel and manganese at different temperatures and time were characterized using thermal analysis （TG-DSC）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller （BET）. The optimized processing conditions of calcination at 400℃ for 1 h with Ni/Mn molar ratio 6 were proved to produce the nanosized Ni-Mn oxide powders with a high specific surface area of 109.62 m^2/g and nanometer particle sizes of 15-30 nm. The capacitance characteristics of the nanosized Ni-Mn oxide electrode in various concentrations of KOH solutions were studied by the cyclic voltammetry （CV） and exhibited both a doublelayer capacitance and a Faradaic capacitance which could be attributed to the electrode consisting of Ni-Mn oxides and residual carbons from the organic gel thermal decomposition. A specific capacitance of 194.8 F/g was obtained for the electrode at the sweep rate of 10 mV/s in 4 mol/L KOH electrolyte and the capacitor showed quite high cyclic stability and is promising for advanced electrochemical capacitors.
文摘A portable and low-cost design of parallel-plate capacitor sensor is proposed and investigated for detection of heavy and alkali metal ions concentration in liquid solution.The application of a thin and long-sided parallel PCB plate allows one to measure the dielectric response of each sample through capacitive sensing technique.The measurements were based on the peak output voltage corresponding to the capacitance of the output measured by an oscilloscope with metal ions concentration of the solution varying from 0 to 10 ppm and input frequency ranging from 1 kHz to 10 MHz.The ICF of Li,Na and K in chloride solution was 2.4,2.1 and 1.9 MHz,respectively.The ICF of Na and K in hydroxide solution was 1.5 MHz and 1.1 MHz,respectively,while the ICF of Pb(NO_(3))_(2)was 490 kHz.The detected ICF was applied to further construct the portable sensor system,which is simple in design,low-cost in fabrication and easy to operate.The finding of ICF of each chemical element is necessary to solve the selectivity challenge of the capacitance-based sensor,which will be appropriate for chemical,environmental and engineering applications.
文摘Since the invention of Leyden jar in 1746, the definitional formula for capacitance had been used for calculating the capacitance of various capacitors all along. However, a general formula reflecting this capacitive character had not yet come into the notice of academic circles, though all the calculations indicate that the capacitance of any capacitor depends on
文摘三电平Buck-Boost变流器具有双向馈能和能量传输高效的特点。针对直流电容器容值衰退和IGBT开路故障两种典型失效模式,提出了一种利用变流器自身传感器同时对直流电容容值衰退和IGBT开路故障非侵入式在线监测的方法。首先,分析了三电平Buck-Boost变流器开关运行模态及其切换顺序。然后,采用特定开关模态消除直流电容等效串联电阻(equivalent series resistance,ESR)影响,分别推导了子模块电容的容值特征解析表达式。最后,利用每个开关周期计算出的等效容值特征检测和定位IGBT开路故障。仿真和实验结果表明:利用开关模态容值特征能够同时监测三电平Buck-Boost变流器直流电容状态和IGBT开路故障,平均容值监测误差小于1%且可以消除ESR的影响,利用容值特征畸变能够在2~3个开关周期内检测出IGBT开路故障。
文摘为研究电容式电压互感器(CVT)因主电路工作在工频谐振造成其频率特性发生畸变而导致谐波测量结果失真问题,在仿真谐振型和速饱和型两种类型CVT的频率特性曲线基础上,通过电能质量扰动装置,进行110 k V两种型号CVT的谐波测量误差试验。试验验证了仿真模型的正确性且杂散电容也是影响CVT频率特性的原因之一。试验结果表明:通过CVT测量谐波幅值和相位存在很大的误差,某些频率下幅值最大可能达到实际值的2倍以上,最小仅为实际值的30%左右,相位也出现在某些频率下120°突变的问题;不同厂家不同型号的CVT之间的误差特性不同,而同厂家同型号CVT的谐波测量误差特性基本一致。最后针对现场大量应用CVT进行谐波测量的问题提出了应用电容式分压器测量、通过接地回路电流测量、采用带谐波测量功能的特种CVT测量以及对测量结果进行修正等改进意见。
文摘针对电容式电压互感器(capacitor voltage transformer,CVT)的谐波传递特性,综合考虑杂散电容等因素影响,建立等效电路模型,采用逐级计算各级等效阻抗和传递函数的方法,对CVT谐波传递特性进行深入计算和分析。基于Matlab/Simulink仿真工具对CVT谐波传递特性开展了仿真验证,并针对实际CVT开展了CVT谐波传递特性和测量误差的实际物理试验研究,试验结果与仿真分析结果具有较好的一致性。发现影响CVT谐波传递特性的因素不仅是LC串联谐振回路额定工作点的偏移,中间变压器一次侧和补偿电抗器的杂散电容对CVT谐波传递特性有着重要影响,传递函数幅频特性曲线呈现尖峰和低谷效应,导致较大的测量误差。
