Capacity planning of hydro-wind-solar hybrid power systems considering hydropower forbidden zones

In the capacity planning of hydro-wind-solar power systems(CPHPS),it is crucial to use flexible hydropower to complement the variable wind-solar power.Hydropower units must be operated such that they avoid specific restricted operation zones,that is,forbidden zones(FZs),to avoid the risks associated with hydropower unit vibration.FZs cause limitations in terms of both the hydropower generation and flexible regulation in the hydro-wind-solar power systems.Therefore,it is essential to consider FZs when determining the optimal wind-solar power capacity that can be compensated by the hydropower.This study presents a mathematical model that incorporates the FZ constraints into the CPHPS problem.Firstly,the FZs of the hydropower units are converted into those of the hydropower plants based on set theory.Secondly,a mathematical model was formulated for the CPHPS,which couples the FZ constraints of hydropower plants with other operational constraints(e.g.,power balance constraints,new energy consumption limits,and hydropower generation functions).Thirdly,dynamic programming with successive approximations is employed to solve the proposed model.Lastly,case studies were conducted on the hydro-wind-solar system of the Qingshui River to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.

Optimal Configuration Method for the Installed Capacity of the Solar-Thermal Power Stations

Because of the randomness of wind power and photovoltaic(PV)output of new energy bases,the problem of peak regulation capability and voltage stability of ultra-high voltage direct current(UHVDC)transmission lines,we proposed an optimum allocation method of installed capacity of the solar-thermal power station based on chance constrained programming in this work.Firstly,we established the uncertainty model of wind power and PV based on the chance constrained planning theory.Then we used the K-medoids clusteringmethod to cluster the scenarios considering the actual operation scenarios throughout the year.Secondly,we established the optimal configuration model based on the objective function of the strongest transient voltage stability and the lowest overall cost of operation.Finally,by quantitative analysis of actual wind power and photovoltaic new energy base,this work verified the feasibility of the proposed method.As a result of the simulations,we found that using the optimal configuration method of solar-thermal power stations could ensure an accurate allocation of installed capacity.When the installed capacity of the solar-thermal power station is 1×106 kW,the transient voltage recovery index(TVRI)is 0.359,which has a strong voltage support capacity for the system.Based on the results of this work,the optimal configuration of the installed capacity of the solar-thermal power plant can improve peak shaving performance,transient voltage support capability,and new energy consumption while satisfying the Direct Current(DC)outgoing transmission premise.

Problems of Planning for Power Industry in China

On the basis of summing up the development of electric power industry in the 10th Five-Year Plan period, the idea of electric power development planning from 2006 to 2020 is presented. The authors analyzed ten main problems that existed in electric development during the 10th Five-Year Plan period, forecasted the electricity generation from 2006 to 2020, put forward the development strategy of power industry, discussed the component and development program of hydropower, thermal power, nuclear power, natural gas power and renewable power, outlined the present situations of six regional power grids, power transmission from western to eastern regions, UHV AC/DC power transmission and nationwide power grid interconnections, and finally gave out seven suggestions about electric power development in the future.

Analysis on Regional Power Grid Load Characteristics and Rational Allocation of Capacity Load Ratio

The reasonability of the adopted capacity load ratio numerical value in urban power grid planning determines the economy of planning level yearly power grid.Too large capacity load ratio will result in the increasing investment in the early period of power grid construction, however, too small capacity load ratio will make the power grid have poor adaptability, affecting the power supply. Reasonably determining the adopted regional power grid capacity load ratio quantitative numerical value in planning has a strong guiding significance for constructing reliable and economic power grid and preventing power grid from excessive advance or lagging behind the load development. This paper, through the statistics and analysis of a certain regional power grid 2010-2012 three years＇ power grid daily load characteristics and the investment benefit evaluation of three years＇ 220KV power grid individual project, makes a preliminary analysis and puts forwards the specific advice on the reasonable values of power ~rid 35-220KV power transformation capacity load ratio.

Study of future power interconnection scheme in ASEAN

The current energy supply trajectory in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN)region is not sustainable.Factors such as rising standards of living and demographic patterns,including population growth,lead to continuous increase in power demand,which is difficult to meet using limited fossil fuel resources.Thus,a transition toward clean energy sources is needed in the region.While ASEAN member countries are rich in clean energy resources,such resources are located far from demand centers;thus,allocation of clean energy is necessary to increase its utilization.In this study,power demand is forecasted using a combination of prediction methods.A model to evaluate the installed capacity and power exchange potential is proposed to deal with mismatch between the location of the clean energy base and the load center.Furthermore,the concept of cross-regional allocation of clean energy between the ASEAN region,China,and South Asia is presented.A power interconnection scheme among the ASEAN member countries as well as neighboring countries is proposed based on the power exchange potential.The proposed grid interconnection scheme contributes to the utilization of clean energy in the ASEAN region,increasing the proportion of clean energy in the generation mix,which ensures that the region becomes a sustainable and resilient society with a clean and low carbon development route.Furthermore,the proposed power interconnection scheme will generate valuable economic,social,environmental,and resource allocation benefits.

Five Major Concerns about China’s Wind Power Development

Economic issue is the very focus of China's wind power development.Although all the security problems can be dealt with through technical measures,the compensation for supportive thermal power units and the subsidy from economically developed regions to resource-outputting regions would require a higher level of strategic considerations.The core purpose of developing wind energy is to reduce pollutant emissions,so planners should take into account the overall cost of all sides,without touching the bottom of social affordability.

考虑灵活性供需平衡的新型电力系统长短期 储能联合规划

随着可再生能源渗透率的不断提高,以电化学储能为代表的短期储能技术将难以满足新型电力系统消纳可再生能源的需求,与此同时,灵活性也将成为系统运行特性的核心和关键。因此,提出了一种考虑灵活性供需平衡的长短期储能联合规划方法。首先,针对不同时间尺度储能技术的特点,统筹短时功率和长期能量的双重调节,考虑灵活性供需平衡并结合价格型需求响应机制,建立了以系统年化综合成本最低为优化目标的长短期储能联合规划模型。其次,为简化问题规模,利用深度卷积嵌入聚类算法在各月份提取典型场景重新刻画全年时序,并通过风光储容量规划和灵活性校验2个阶段的迭代优化求解模型。最后,以中国东部某地区为算例,验证了所提规划方法在兼顾未来可再生能源高渗透的新型电力系统规划经济性和运行灵活性方面的有效性。

面向电量-调频-容量市场的数据中心园区算力及电力资源规划

数据中心广泛建设是智能时代的发展趋势。如何在保证数据中心服务质量的前提下,考虑数据中心负荷转移特性,并对其进行合理规划,对降低数据中心规划总成本及提升新型电力系统灵活性均有显著意义。为此,提出一种考虑多元电力市场引导下的数据中心园区算力及电力资源优化规划方法。首先,通过多面体定界收缩法建立虚拟发电机和虚拟储能模型,描述数据中心园区的聚合可调特性。然后,根据不同电力市场的结算规则,研究了数据中心园区参与电量-调频-容量市场的方式和经济收益。在此基础上,以综合成本最小化为目标,优化数据中心园区发电机、储能的建设容量以及服务器的建设数量。最后,以阿里巴巴公开运行数据为例,证明考虑多元电力市场能够大大降低数据中心规划成本,激励数据中心园区投资建设更多灵活性资源,为电网提供有效的调频服务和容量支撑。

双碳目标下新型电力系统规划与省域减排路径——以中国南方某省为例

省域作为地方行政主体和上下联动纽带,亟需依托地方资源禀赋构建省级以新能源为主体的新型电力系统模型,规划省域减排路径。耦合电力系统扩容规划与小时级高分辨率运行模拟,给出地方电力系统低碳转型路径,并以中国南方某省为例进行分析,以期为中国能源系统转型、新型电力系统建设与地方电力系统减排路径规划提供科学支撑,助力双碳目标实现。研究结果表明:省域电力系统转型需要把握新能源与传统能源配合发展的节奏和强度:(1)该省电力系统在2030年碳达峰,2060碳中和,峰值为约3亿吨。(2)2060年该省电力系中非化石能源装机占比86.40%,将达到17102.72万千瓦。其中,核能装机占比26.18%,其次为光伏和气电,煤电仍然保留1.26%。(3)2060年该省新型电力系统总成本为2.8万亿元,是2022年投资的33倍。其中,运维成本和投资成本占比分别为29.53%、21.54%。建议从优化可再生能源、外调电力和储能的部署、探索建立容量市场机制、完善电力跨省跨区交易等方面开展部署,以实现在2060年前碳中和的目标。

基于场景线性化重塑的用户侧储能容量高效规划方法

推进用户侧分布式光储一体化发展是提高新型电力系统新能源消纳能力的重要举措。然而,储能高昂的投资成本阻碍了用户侧光储系统的推广进程,亟需合理的储能容量优化配置方案为用户提供更加理性的决策依据,以提升系统经济性和环境友好性。现有容量规划方法往往基于典型场景进行储能运行模拟,未考虑全年每个典型场景之间的功率波动特征以及某些极端场景对于容量配置结果的影响,难以保证规划结果的准确性。为此,文中提出了一种基于场景线性化重塑的用户侧储能容量高效规划方法。首先,以聚类结果中的典型场景为基,通过最小二乘法近似地线性表示全年中的极端场景;其次,将场景线性化结果嵌入储能全年运行约束中,并通过重新构造决策变量来减小优化问题的规模;最后,通过实际算例分析了用户侧配置储能的经济效益,并将所提出的规划方法与已有方法进行仿真结果对比。结果表明,所提出的规划方法能够减小精确模型运行所需的决策变量规模,在提升计算效率的同时取得比已有近似方法更准确的规划结果。

面向风光储系统的多时空尺度容量置信度评估方法

随着新能源逐渐成为主体电源并且通过跨省跨区互济,广域新能源系统供电能力刻画对保障电力系统可靠供应具有重要意义。储能可有效平抑新能源波动性,从而有效提升其供电能力,容量置信度是刻画新能源-储能系统供电能力的重要指标。因此,首先提出了面向跨省跨区风光储系统的多时空尺度容量置信度评估指标体系和计算方法,将容量置信度评估周期拓展到短期运行态、中期运行态和规划态等多时间尺度,以更好地支撑关键场景下的电力系统保供电需求;并研究了面向风光场站、省级电网、跨区电网等多空间尺度的容量置信度评估方法,从而支撑广域风光储系统的供电能力刻画。此外,从时间和空间2个维度提出了将运行模拟加速算法用于广域风光储系统容量置信度评估。结合RTS-GMLC跨区算例验证了所提评估方法的有效性,研究结果表明:净负荷高峰关键场景对新能源储能系统的容量置信度影响较大,通过广域源荷互补和储能接入可有效提升新能源系统的容量置信度。

抽水蓄能与风电、光伏联合发电系统容量配置研究

为促进新能源消纳和风光蓄多能互补新能源基地建设,解决抽水蓄能与新能源合理容量配置问题,深入分析风电、太阳能开发条件及规模,在抽水蓄能电站装机规模、风光规模、新能源直接上网容量均未确定的情况下,构建联合互补运行双层嵌套规划模型,并提出了求解流程。上层模型以风光蓄多能互补新能源基地规模最大为原则,确定系统抽水蓄能电站与风电、光伏容量配置方案,下层模型以联合发电出力波动性最小为目标,旨在输出一个尽量平稳的外送出力过程,以尽量提高电网安全可靠性,解决风光间歇性电源并网带来的不稳定、调峰调频难度大、限电等问题。以日喀则市新能源和湘河抽水蓄能电站为例进行模拟计算分析,验证模型与算法的有效性。研究结果表明:所构建的双层嵌套规划模型可以科学地提出湘河抽水蓄能电站装机容量1800 MW、新能源开发规模5700 MW(风电2000 MW、光伏3700 MW)的容量配置方案,并能够改善风电、光伏并网条件实现电力稳定送出。

计及灵活性和源荷不确定性的储能优化配置方法

提出一种计及灵活性和源荷不确定性的储能容量优化配置方法,考虑火电机组和储能对灵活性的影响,并采用模糊机会约束描述源荷不确定性,综合考虑储能投资成本、系统运行成本、灵活性约束和源荷不确定性,建立双层储能配置模型,采用粒子群算法和CPLEX商业求解器进行求解。基于改进的IEEE 30节点系统进行对比验证,结果表明所提模型较传统模型的储能配置结果更合理,系统运行成本更低。

计及源-荷匹配的多区域多类型新能源系统优化规划方法

合理利用新能源出力互补性可平抑其出力波动性,在新能源规划中考虑互补性可令新能源规划布局更为合理。基于此,文中考虑新能源出力互补性,研究计及源-荷匹配的新能源系统优化规划方法,利用新能源总出力与负荷的正相关特性,保持新能源总出力与负荷的动态平衡。首先,基于源-荷匹配思想,提出描述新能源出力与负荷贴近程度的均衡度指标以及描述新能源出力与基准负荷一致程度的一致性指标。然后,建立计及源-荷匹配的多区域新能源系统优化规划模型,并通过引入新能源出力与负荷匹配均衡度约束来保证两者变化特性一致。最后,以我国北方4个区域的电网为例进行算例分析。研究结果表明,计及源-荷匹配的新能源系统优化规划可以综合考虑新能源消纳率和渗透率,为考虑新能源出力互补性的新能源规划布局提供解决方案。

微电网的氢-氨混合储能系统容量优化配置研究

随着我国分布式可再生能源装机规模的爆发式增长,对微电网高渗透率可再生能源消纳的需求逐渐提高。为了提高微电网的风光消纳能力,构建含氢氨混合储能系统(hydrogen-ammonia hybrid energy storage system,hydrogen-ammonia HESS)的微电网结构,提出氢氨混合储能系统的容量优化模型,以微电网的综合成本最小为目标函数,以风电消纳率为重要指标,并对氢氨混合储能系统的容量优化模型进行求解。通过算例分析,验证所构建的含氢氨混合储能系统的微电网在经济性和风电消纳两方面,均比仅含氢储能系统或氨储能系统的微电网更加有效。

基于毕达哥拉斯模糊—累积前景理论的抽水蓄能容量规划综合决策

针对含新能源接入的电网中抽蓄电站容量规划问题,提出一种综合考虑定量、定性指标及决策者主观偏好的综合决策方法,旨在达到经济、技术性最优,生态影响最小的目的。首先构造了抽蓄容量规划评价指标体系,建立了火—风—抽蓄联合出力模型,优化抽蓄电站出力;然后采用毕达哥拉斯模糊数描述专家主观判断的模糊性;最后利用累积前景理论处理模糊数矩阵,考虑决策者的风险偏好类型。针对改进的IEEE30节点联合出力系统中不同的规划方案进行决策。结果表明,所提方法可体现决策者主观偏好对方案支持度的影响,为抽蓄容量规划的综合决策问题提供了参考。

基于经济成本目标的综合能源系统容量规划方法研究

综合能源系统能够协同规划多种能源,提升可再生能源的消纳能力,从而实现系统的低碳高效运行。基于此,本研究提出了一种集成光伏发电系统、蓄热水箱和内燃机的综合能源系统。考虑冷、热、电三种形式能量平衡约束,采用遗传算法以系统的年总成本最小为优化目标,并以年总碳排放量和年总一次能源消耗量为评价指标建立了综合能源系统规划优化模型。结果表明:与分产系统相比,所提出的综合能源系统的年总成本节约率、年二氧化碳减排率和年一次能源节约率分别为30.67%、33.26%和8.93%。此外,综合能源系统中光伏发电系统承担了全年用户电负荷的14.58%,有效提升了系统的经济性以及能效性。

面向碳中和的区域供冷系统和海上风电的协同规划分析

城市区域供冷系统要实现碳中和,需要从区域外输入零碳可再生能源。该文对带有大规模蓄冷的区域供冷系统与海上风电的源荷储一体化协同规划做分析,探索区域供冷系统实现碳中和的路径,以及区域供冷系统如何更好消纳海上风电。根据区域供冷系统供冷负荷与海上风电发电负荷率各自的时间规律,提出了制冷机、海上风电、谷段蓄冷时长等装机容量匹配和源荷储能量平衡的数学模型,并对区域供冷系统能耗100%采用海上风电和100%消纳夜间谷段风电两个场景进行分析,得出不同场景的装机容量匹配,以及全年海上风电消纳比例变化和区域供冷系统利用可再生能源比例变化。随着制冷机装机容量的增加,夜间谷段风电消纳比例与区域供冷系统蓄冷量占比均增加。随着风电装机的增加,区域供冷系统电力供应中风电的比例逐渐增加。增加谷段蓄冷小时数、增加制冷机装机容量、增加风电装机容量均可以提高风电蓄冷占比,该文对上述影响因素做了量化分析。

基于HC-MOPSO的储能电站两阶段选址定容方法

针对大规模储能规划难以兼顾电网有功功率与节点电压耦合影响的问题,提出一种基于层次聚类(hierarchical clustering,HC)-多目标粒子群(multi objective particle swarm optimization,MOPSO)算法的储能电站规划方法。首先,基于系统有功功率与节点电压间的耦合作用,建立其灵敏度模型,并采用HC算法得到电网区域划分结果,根据灵敏度指标排序选取各次区域内的电压主导节点作为储能电站接入点;其次,以系统静态电压稳定裕度最大、总投资与运行成本以及总有功网损最小为目标,建立储能电站容量配置模型,并设计嵌入潮流计算的MOPSO算法对模型进行求解。最后,以IEEE39节点电力系统网络为例,验证所提方法和模型的可行性与有效性。仿真结果表明,本文提出的规划方法相较于传统方法可以进一步降低系统有功线损,并提高静态电压稳定裕度。

基于电源优化规划的河南省抽蓄电站规模分析

河南电网目前调峰电源所占比重少,主要依靠火电机组深度调节来满足调峰需要,影响电网的安全经济运行。抽水蓄能电站具有削峰填谷双倍调峰作用,是电网中经济可行的调峰电源。采用电源优化扩展规划模型,对规划水平年不同电源方案进行优化比选,分析满足电网电力电量和调峰需求的抽蓄装机规模。结果表明:建设抽水蓄能电站能够有效减小火电机组调峰深度,减少系统煤炭消耗,保障电网安全经济运行。