Defining Cities by Water: Addressing Capital Misallocation in a Race to Conserve Resources

As part of its efforts to promote a sustainable and high-quality development,China has pledged to reduce water consumption and create a water-efficient society.On the basis of identifying the institutional root causes of excessive capital allocation and excessive water consumption in China’s water-intensive industrial sectors,this study elaborates how the national water-efficient cities assessment contributes to optimized capital allocation.Our research shows that national water-efficient cities assessment has motivated local governments to compete for water efficiency.To conserve water,local governments regulated the entry and exit of water-intensive enterprises,discouraged excessive investments in water-intensive sectors,and phased out obsolete water-intensive capacities within their jurisdictions.This approach has resulted in mutually beneficial outcomes,including improved allocation of capital,enhanced water efficiency,and reduced emissions.This paper offers policy recommendations for establishing a water-efficient society throughout the 14^(th) Five-Year Plan(2021-2025)period by presenting empirical evidence on the policy effects of resource efficiency evaluation.

Audit Committee, Value Creation Efficiency and Capital Employed Efficiency

This study contributes a number of innovative and interesting empirical findings with a view of four audit committee characteristics to predict overall value creation efficiency and capital employed efficiency using value added intellectual coefficient （VAICTM） method. Using purposive sampling, 34 property, real estate, and building construction firms listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2011 were selected. Empirical findings could not provide a significant relationship between audit committee characteristics and the overall value creation efficiency as well as capital employed efficiency. This implies that currently, the number of members, number of meetings, number of independent commissioners, and accounting or finance expertise in audit committee cannot be expected as drivers of business value creation in Indonesian context, more specifically for property, real estate, and building construction industry. The overall lack of significant relationships may potentially result from limited human capacity, lack of financial expertise, and inadequate knowledge about the role of audit committee to add value to the business.

Testing the Semi-strong Form Efficiency of Islamic Capital Market With Response to Information Content of Dividend Announcement： A Study in Jakarta Islamic Index

The specific concepts of Islamic capital market are based on transparency, accountability, and no asymmetric information. A capital market is said to be efficient with respect to an information item if the prices of securities fully impound the return implication of that item. This study has two main objectives. Firstly, for testing the efficiency of Islamic capital market which focuses on Jakarta Islamic Index （JII）. Secondly, by this research finding the regulator can make a good solution to create the real Islamic capital market. This study concludes that the Islamic capital market is not efficient in information. This is proved by test, where the result for both mean adjusted model and market adjusted model shows not significant, which means that the stock price that occurred has not been able to reflect a strong relationship with the real conditions that exist within the company. The second conclusion is the magnitude of abnormal return suggests that the market still has asymmetric information that will cause the occurrence of abnormal return. This is very unfortunate because Islamic capital market should be efficient in reflecting information transparency that could create a fair price in accordance with the real condition of the company＇s stock issuance.

A Comprehensive Analysis of the Effects of Capital Regulation and Heterogeneity on Bank Efficiency

This article analyzes the impact of capital regulation on bank efficiency using panel data from 165 commercial banks in China from 2013 to 2019.The results indicate that cost efficiency changes slightly and profit efficiency fluctuates greatly.Under the pressure of capital regulation,the profit efficiency of commercial banks with sufficient capital improves,while profit efficiency of banks with insufficient capital decreases slightly,and the cost efficiency of all commercial banks increases.Based on the heterogeneity analysis of banks,it is found that the cost efficiency and profit efficiency of different types of commercial banks differ significantly in response to capital regulation.

A Literature Review of the Influence of Commercial Credit on the Efficiency of Enterprise Capital Allocation

The real economy is the main body of high-quality development,and the efficiency of capital allocation is an important manifestation of the development of the real economy.Therefore,it is very important to study the efficiency of capital allocation.As a representative of horizontal finance,commercial credit has a significant impact on the improvement of capital allocation efficiency.In view of this,this article combs the literature on commercial credit and capital allocation efficiency from the following aspects:firstly,by studying the literature,combing the literature on the macro-level,micro-level and economic effects of commercial credit;secondly,the measurement method of capital allocation efficiency And the influencing factors are systematically sorted out,and finally sorted out and evaluated the existing literature on the influence of commercial credit on the efficiency of capital allocation.

Does Margin Trading Enhance Information Efficiency of the Capital Market?——Evidence from China

On March 31,2010,China formally introduced a margin trading system,which announced that China's capital market has completed the transformation from a unilateral transaction model to a bilateral transaction model with a short-selling mechanism.However,the current development of China's margin trading and securities lending businesses is seriously unbalanced,and the scale of financing far exceeds the scale of securities lending.The short selling effect of securities lending exchanges is extremely limited,which to some extent violates the original intention of introducing the system.In order to help margin trading and securities lending to correct a healthy and sustainable development path,this article uses stock price synchronicity as a proxy indicator to measure the information efficiency of the capital market,explores the impact of the margin trading system on the information efficiency of the capital market,and study the detailed characteristics and economic consequences of the margin trading system.Aiming at this topic,this article analyzes the relationship between margin financing and securities lending and stock price synchronicity.Finally,it analyzes the influence of margin financing and securities lending system on stock price synchronicity from three dimensions of corporate governance,external supervision,and institutional environment mechanism.In terms of empirical research,this article takes advantage of the“quasi-natural experiment”provided by the gradual opening of margin trading and securities lending in China’s securities market,and selects listed companies on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges from 2007 to 2019 as the research objects,starting from the perspective of stock price synchronicity,and passing The DID-FE model studies the impact of the margin trading and securities lending system on the information efficiency of the capital market.It uses three methods:parallel trend and dynamic testing,PSM-DID analysis,and placebo testing for robustness testing to solve the endogeneity problem of the experiment.This article also conducts deeper research on the subject based on the two dimensions of the impact mechanism of margin financing and securities lending and the size of the company,and finally discusses the economic impact of margin financing and securities lending on the level of company innovation.

The Return on Capital in China and Its Determinants~

This paper first estimates the overall return on capital in China between 1978 and 2013. It then identifies the determinants of return on capital by analyzing provincial panel data and breaks down the causes of swerves in capital return after the eruption of the global financial crisis in 2008. It finds that： （1） there is significant inertia in the return on capital,＂ （2） government intervention has significantly negative impact on capital return; （3） a significantly negative correlation is observed between investment rate and return on capital,＂ and （4） the increases in the shares of secondary and tertiary industries in the economy have significantly positive impact on return on capital. This paper concludes that the growth in investment rate and the expansion of government size are both important contributors to the recent decline in China＇s return on capital since the financial crisis.

Human Capital Structural Upgrade in Catch-Up Economies: An International Comparison

Based on international comparison, this paper arrives at the following conclusions:(1) with the progress of industrialization and rising per capita GDP, successful catch-up countries will experience an upgrade from low-level human capital to highlevel human capital;(2) the leap phenomenon exists in the deepening of high-level human capital and the universalization of tertiary education is normally completed within a relatively short period of time, which has cumulative causation with high productivity;(3) most developing countries face the critical mass of human capital upgrade, excessive lowlevel human capital and slow improvement of efficiency;(4) problems of China's human capital structure are mainly reflected in the excessive secondary human capital with poor quality and insufficient accumulation of tertiary human capital. According to the patterns of human capital deepening, the fostering of human capital in the current stage determines whether China's economic transition can succeed in the coming couple of decades. In order to mitigate the potential risks of belated transition, China must proactively seek the path of human capital upgrade.

Structural Characteristics and Risks of China's Economic Transformation and Paths to Efficiency Improvement

Based on the expanded growth accounting framework,this paper discussed the structural characteristics of China's economic transformation and its related issues and came up with the following conclusions:(1) China's economic growth has six structural characteristics-- demographic transition,industrial productivity redistribution,income distribution adjustments,increasing urbanization,decreasing capital efficiency and little room for total factor productivity improvement.These factors together may cause a slowdown in economic growth.(2) The risk of economic slowdown in China's economic transformation may be due to the readjustment of income distribution,excessive ineffective investment,increasing economic leverage ratio and fast growing service sector of industrial structure.(3) In response to the potential risks of China's economic slowdown,improving capital efficiency should be the focus of our policy.To establish an inefficient-enterpriseclearing mechanism as well as deepening the reform of corresponding system is the only way to a steady economic growth in the future.

Intellectual Capital and Business Performance in Professional Football Clubs： Evidence From a Longitudinal Analysis

This paper aims to explore the impact of intellectual capital efficiency （ICE） on firm performance in the context of professional football clubs. In particular, our aim is twofold： （1） to provide measures of ICE specifically tailored to professional football businesses; and （2） to empirically investigate whether some dimensions of ICE, namely, human capital and relational capital efficiency, are positively associated with sporting performance, here used as a proxy for business performance. This paper develops a quantitative analysis of club-level panel data using the statistical technique known as mixed-effects linear regression for longitudinal analysis. The research spans a time period of five years and specifically the sporting seasons from 2007/2008 up to 2011/2012. The empirical findings of this study provide tentative evidence that ICE, especially as far as relational capital is concerned, is positively associated with on-pitch performance of professional football businesses. On the counterpart, results for the impact of human capital efficiency （HCE） do not consistently come out with the （positive） expected signs. More specifically, our findings suggest that relational capital efficiency, meaning the ability to develop and nurture positive business relationship with relevant external stakeholders, is a significant consideration for football club managers; on the other, they might shed light on the actual business model of professional football clubs that, in our analysis, does not appear consistent with the long-held hypothesis of winning maximization. The main limitation of this study lies in the fact that our indicators do not fully capture all relevant dimensions of the intellectual capital （IC） construct.

Research on Labor Reallocation Efficiency of State-owned Industries

This article,which is based on panel data of Chinese state-owned industrial enterprises over the period 2006-2011,analyzes Labor reallocation Efficiency of State-Owned Enterprises with Syrquin＇s analysis of the total Reallocation effect of Resources. The results show that：①Labor allocation efficiency keeps a high level all the time;②The contribution that labor Reallocation efficiency makes to the growth of labor productivity has been at a low rate. Therefore, our government had better deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises and the evolvement of marketization

Study on the Interior Market Network Structure and Its Efficiency in a Knowledge Based Company

A knowledge based company is the microcosmic foundation of the knowledge economy, the design of its organization structure should amplify the company competence to be agile to the knowledge elements. This paper expounds an interior market network structure which is fit for the company intellectual capital operation, and analyses this organization pattern about the reasons of existence, the effectiveness of growing up in scale, the economies of knowledge distribution and the efficiency of operation, and it will provide some beneficial theoretical guidance about how can a company improve its competition competence in the knowledge environment through organization innovation.

数字化转型对制造业企业创新效率的门槛效应研究

数字化转型可以突破研发资源配置时空边界,赋能制造业企业创新发展,但潜在的数字鸿沟问题也可能会加剧企业创新的不确定性。鉴于此,利用文本挖掘技术构造数字化转型指数,系统考察数字化转型对制造业企业创新效率的影响效应及作用机制,并选取2007—2022年中国A股制造业上市公司的微观数据进行实证分析。研究发现:数字化转型对制造业企业创新效率具有显著的门槛效应;对于大多数制造业企业来说,其数字化转型水平低于门槛值,数字化转型是提升制造业企业创新效率的助力,而非阻力;人力资本和公司治理是数字化转型影响制造业企业创新效率的传导路径。进一步研究发现,数字化转型对创新效率的门槛效应在国有企业和资本技术密集型制造业企业中更明显。研究结论为合理评估中国制造业推进数字化转型战略的实施效果提供了新视角,对国家充分发挥数字化转型战略与创新驱动发展战略的合力效应也具有政策启示意义。

数字化转型能提升国有企业资本配置效率吗?

进入数字经济时代,数字化转型已成为国有企业高质量发展的必经之路。在此背景下,探究数字化转型与资本配置效率之间的内在逻辑关系,对增强国有企业活力和提升国有企业资本效率具有重要理论和实践意义。以2009-2021年沪深A股上市的非金融国有企业为样本,从外部成本以及内部治理两个层面实证检验数字化转型对国有企业资本配置效率的影响效果及作用机制。结论说明:1)数字化转型能够显著改善国有企业资本要素错配,提升国企资本配置效率。2)机制分析表明,数字化转型能通过缓解信息不对称、降低代理成本以及改善融资约束,优化国有企业资本要素配置。3)从市场、政府以及国有企业自身层面来看,首先数字化转型在一定程度上能替代外部不完备的资本市场。在资本市场发育程度较低环境中,数字化转型更能改善国有企业资本要素错配。其次较高的财政补贴隐含过多的政策性负担,弱化数字化转型对国有企业资本效率提升效果。最后在较高水平内部控制环境中,数字化赋能显著提升国企资本配置效率。研究有助于深化数字化转型赋能国有企业资本配置效率的效果和机制,为探究我国国有企业高质量发展提供学理依据及决策参考。

数字金融发展与“两业”融合——经济高质量发展背景下的机制识别与效应检验

先进制造业和现代服务业融合是高质量发展实体经济的内在要求。数字金融作为传统金融业和数字信息技术融合的重要创新产品,对制造业与服务业融合有着重要影响。研究利用286个地级及以上城市2011—2019年的面板数据,并通过面板门槛模型等回归方式,考察了数字金融发展对“两业”深度融合的影响和传导机理。研究发现:(1)数字金融发展对提升“两业”融合水平具有显著影响,技术创新和资本配置效率是数字金融影响“两业”融合的主要机制;(2)数字金融对“两业”融合的影响具有明显的非线性特征,在数字金融发展的不同阶段具有不同的作用效果;(3)异质性检验发现数字金融发展对“两业”融合的促进作用在经济发展水平较高、工业化程度适中和国家政策试点的城市更为显著;(4)数字金融提升“两业”融合水平会巩固产业基础,提高产业核心竞争力,最终促进经济高质量发展。

资本账户开放对企业投资效率的影响研究

依据2001—2017年95个国家的上市企业数据,考量资本账户开放对企业投资效率的作用。结果显示:资本账户开放能提高企业投资效率,缓解投资不足,抑制过度投资;机制检验表明,资本账户开放通过提高市场竞争、缓解融资约束以及提高风险承担水平三个渠道提高企业投资效率。异质性检验显示,流入方向的资本账户开放对企业投资效率的提升更大,资本账户开放主要提高了金融市场发展程度高的国家、外部融资依赖度高的行业以及高杠杆率企业的投资效率。鉴于此,建议有序开放资本账户,加快金融市场建设,积极融入全球资本市场发展。

数字化转型、资本结构与投资效率——基于制造业上市公司数据分析

依据2015—2022年沪深A股制造业上市公司数据,运用文本分析方法,构建企业数字化转型指标,考量数字化转型、资本结构与投资效率之间的关系。结果显示:企业数字化转型通过优化资本结构抑制企业非效率投资行为,对国有企业和过度投资企业的作用更明显,且企业非债务税盾在过度投资和投资不足两种状态下作用效果相反。鉴于此,加快数字化转型进程,做好目标资本结构测算模型设计,实施差异化优惠政策,提升行业投资效率,提高制造业全球竞争力。

知识产权保护对数字产业创新效率的影响

知识产权保护是提升数字产业创新效率的有力支撑,也是助推创新型国家建设的重要抓手。本文借助渐进式双重差分模型,使用2010~2022年我国上市公司数据考察知识产权保护对数字产业创新效率的影响。结果显示:(1)知识产权保护能够正向提升数字产业创新效率,且随着数字产业创新效率持续提升,知识产权保护的正向驱动效应呈边际递增特征;(2)机制检验结果显示,知识产权保护可通过促进知识溢出、提升技术创新和人力资本水平驱动数字产业创新效率提升;(3)异质性检验结果显示,相较于西部及东北部地区、传媒服务业和国有企业,知识产权保护更能推动东、中部地区、软件开发及信息技术服务业和非国有数字企业创新效率提升。基于此,提出多管齐下健全知识产权保护机制、多路并进提升数字产业创新效率、因地制宜推动数字产业协同发展的对策建议,希冀为提高数字产业创新效率提供相关理论经验。

数字化转型对工业企业创新效率的影响研究

本文就数字化转型对工业企业创新效率的影响进行实证检验。其中,以工业企业创新效率为因变量,数字化转型为自变量,企业规模、企业产权结构、对外开放程度、资产负债率、创新氛围、政府支持为控制变量,通过多重共线性分析、回归分析、异质性检验和稳健性分析,验证了因变量和自变量之间的相关性。结果表明,我国工业企业数字化转型显著提高了工业企业创新效率;不同行业类型的工业企业中,数字化转型对工业企业创新效率的影响不同,在资源密集型和劳动密集型产业中,数字化转型对工业企业创新效率存在线性促进作用;在资本密集型产业中,数字化转型对工业企业创新效率存在非线性影响,呈倒U型;在技术密集型产业中,数字化转型对工业企业创新效率存在非线性影响,呈U型。在此基础上,为提高工业企业创新效率,分别从企业层面和政府层面提出了针对性建议与政策,充分发挥数字化转型对工业企业创新效率的促进作用。

减税激励、企业投资与资本配置效率——来自小微企业的证据

小微企业是我国社会主义市场经济的重要参与主体,在促进经济发展、改善民生、增加就业等方面具有不可替代的作用。本文基于2010—2018年全国税收调查数据,采用双重差分方法,检验了企业所得税减半征收政策对小微企业投资行为的影响。研究表明,所得税减半征收通过增强小微企业的“投资动机”和“投资能力”促进企业固定资产投资的增加,并且所得税减半征收政策对非制造业、未享受政府补助企业和融资约束较强的小微企业投资的促进作用更为明显。进一步分析表明,所得税减半征收政策提升了小微企业的资本配置效率,增强了小微企业吸纳就业的能力,但并未增强小微企业的研发创新能力。总体而言,本文肯定了所得税减半征收政策对小微企业的积极影响,为完善小微企业税收优惠政策、推动经济社会高质量发展提供了有益参考。