Adobe Captive 3软件在信息技术教学中的应用

随着教育信息化的发展,如何设计制作出合适的带有交互功能的课件或者演示类的教程成了教师备课普遍存在的问题。本文介绍了信息技术的好帮手——AdobeCaptive3软件,并以Flash为例介绍了该软件使用的前期准备、录制过程、后期编辑等。该软件使用简便、功能强大,是教师制作演示类课件的首选。

Captive Breeding of the Four-eyed Turtle(Sacalia quadriocellata)

In 1998,a study on forty-five four-eyed turtles(Sacalia quadriocellata) was initiated to gather preliminary biological data of this species and to investigate the feasibility of its captive reproduction.In the following six years,no courtship behavior was found occurring in males and no oviposition in females.From 2004 to 2007,two successful techniques were applied to initiate reproductive behavior:1) injecting exogenous reproductive hormones; and 2) reducing the stress of living in captivity.As a result of the hormone treatments,courtship behavior and copulation were observed during September and October,2005.However,no courtship displays were seen from the CK males,which were not treated with hormones.Ovulation occurred between December and March,and the correlation was not significant between behavior of ovulation and food intake.Females laid only one clutch of eggs each year,with 2.47 eggs(n=34,range=1–4) at average,and 84 eggs were totally obtained,of which 13 were damaged,52 were infertile and 19 fertile.Of the fertile eggs,nine were hatched with mean incubation period of 105.9 days(n=9,range=89–122 days) at temperature ranging from 24 to 27℃.

A growing captive population erodes the wild Red-crowned Cranes(Grus japonensis) in China

Background: The Red-crowned Crane(Grus japonensis) is an endangered bird species and while the wild population continues to decrease in China, the captive population has dramatically increased over the last two decades. We hypothesized that some of the captive Red-crowned Cranes originated from the wild and that a growing captive population is eroding the wild population in China.Methods: We surveyed the size of the population and determined the average annual growth rate, reproductive success rate and mortality rate of captive Red-crowned Cranes in 2013 in China. We assessed this erosion effect through mathematical models, in which the size of the captive Red-crowned Crane population was determined from the annual growth rate, the reproductive success rate and the rate of mortality.Results: We found there were a total of 1520 captive Red-crowned Cranes in 2013 in China, with an average annual gro-wth rate of 7.46%, a reproductive success rate of 9.17% and a mortality rate of 3.6%. We found that approximately 1027 supplementary Red-crowned Cranes per year and a total of 244, over the 14 year period from 1999 to 2013, were needed to account for the growing captive population in China.Conclusion: We conclude that the 244 birds probably came from the wild by taking eggs and capturing juveniles or adults and hence accepted the hypothesis. Perhaps more surprisingly, our annual estimate of the number of supplementary Red-crowned Cranes in captive populations is very conservative, with the erosion effect substantially underestimated, because the total number of captive Red-crowned Cranes in 2013 was underestimated, with the annual reproductive success rate in zoos overestimated. The existence of an erosion effect provides a new perspective for the interpretation of why the Red-crowned Crane population in the wild continues to decrease. In our opinion, it is important to understand the consequences of this erosion effect on the management and conservation of this endangered bird species in China.

Occurrence of gastrointestinal(GI)parasites in captive Olive Baboon and Common Langur in Bangladesh

Non-human primates(NHPs)serve as necessary reservoir hosts of parasites that create diseases to human.A close interaction between human and NHP can make a pathway for transmission of zoonotic diseases.To prevent zoonotic infection of zoo keepers,park visitors as well as keeping the captive NHPs in healthy state,it is necessary to carry out regular parasitological examination and treatment.A total of 72 fecal samples of Olive Baboon(n=39)and Common Langur(n=33)irrespective of their age and sex were collected from two zoological gardens of Bangladesh.Eggs and oocysts of seven gastrointestinal(GI)parasites were observed and identified in samples of both host species.The prevalence of GI parasites recorded was 100%.In case of Olive Baboon,the protozoan prevalence was higher(53.83%)than that of helminths,but opposite scenario was seen in case of Common Langur.Besides,higher intensity of coccidian oocysts in both hosts was recorded in the study.

一种适合BRAS的Captive Portal方案

随着我国“互联网+”战略的推进,大型宽带网络发展迅速。BRAS设备在宽带网络中得到广泛使用,并通过IPoE方案组网,Portal认证是常用的网络准入解决方案。如何提升Portal系统性能,业界进行了广泛的研究。针对BRAS设备组建的宽带网,文中提出一种使用终端识别+网址判断的二元过滤方案,可有效地进行Portal的前置过滤,从而大幅降低无关的Portal请求,提升Portal认证系统的性能。

Captives Abuse Scandal Not Accidental

After the abuse of POWs and prisoners by US army in Iraq was brought to the day light in May, the worldwide denunciation silenced what the US was bragging about its support for human rights. The inhumane and brutal means used by the US army to torture Iraqi POWs and prisoners have gone to an alarming proportion. Photographs published show American soldiers—men and women—smiling, laughing or giving thumbs-up signs alongside naked Iraqi prisoners, exposing the sadistic and brutal methods employed by American forces and providing more evi-

Freeing Captive Animals

Even though theymight not haveenough food intheir own stom-achs,Tibetan peasantswould feed their draughtcattle with the best food,asthey depended on them forplowing. Such good treat-ment lasted until the ani-mals died,after which,some peasants would burythem in their own fields,

Predictors of dominance rank and agonistic interactions in captive Livingstone's fruit bats

Male dominance hierarchies have been studied in many animals but rarely in bats(Chiroptera).The dominance rank of social animals may dictate access to resources and mates;therefore,it has important implications for an individual's fitness and is crucial for successful captive man-agement.Between January and December 2018,at both Bristoi Zoo Gardens(Bristol,UK)and Jersey Zoo(Jersey,British Isles),we observed 19 male Livingstone's fruit bats Pteropus livingstonii using focal follows for 345 h overall,noting the outcome of all agonistic interactions.We recorded instigators of interactions,along with winners and losers,and analyzed these data using the R-package"EloRating"to create Elo-rating temporal plots of dominance ranks.We used generalized linear mixed models and multiple linear regression to analyze interaction data and test hypotheses regarding predictors of dominance rank,frequency of agonistic interaction,and choice of interaction partner.Age was positively correlated with dominance rank up to around year 9,when an asymptote was attained.Highly ranked bats instigated the most agonistic interac-tions,and largely directed these interactions at bats with much lower rankings than themselves.Hierarchies were extremely stable throughout the data collection period at both sites.We conclude that Livingstone's fruit bats have a stable linear dominance hierarchy,with high-ranking,typ-ically older males instigating the most interactions with lowest ranking males to secure dominance rank.This study adds to the limited discourse on Pteropus social behaviors,indicating that some bat species may have social systems similar in complexity to some nonhuman primates.

滤过型固相萃取柱净化-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鸡蛋中15种全氟化合物的含量

提出了滤过型固相萃取柱净化-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定鸡蛋中全氟丁酸、全氟戊酸、全氟己酸、全氟庚酸、全氟辛酸、全氟壬酸、全氟癸酸、全氟十一酸、全氟十二酸、全氟十三酸、全氟十四酸、全氟丁烷磺酸、全氟己烷磺酸、全氟庚烷磺酸、全氟辛烷磺酸等15种全氟化合物含量的方法。鸡蛋样品(2 g)中加入0.1 mL 20.0μg·L^(-1)同位素内标混合溶液,经10 mL 80%(体积分数)乙腈溶液振荡和超声提取后,离心;分取5 mL滤液,直接过滤过型Captive EMR-Lipid柱净化,收集流出液,氮吹至近干,加入500μL甲醇复溶,经涡旋、离心处理后测定。采用Agilent Eclipse Plus C_(18)RRHD色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm)分离,以不同体积比的2 mmol·L^(-1)乙酸铵溶液和甲醇的混合溶液梯度洗脱,在电喷雾离子源负离子扫描模式下,以多反应监测模式检测,同位素内标法定量。结果表明:15种全氟化合物标准曲线的线性范围均为0.125~20.0μg·L^(-1),测定下限(10S/N)为0.05~0.16μg·kg^(-1);在0.500,4.00,16.0μg·kg^(-1)加标浓度水平下,15种目标物的回收率为78.0%~111%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为0.87%~14%。

Metagenomics reveals contrasting energy utilization efficiencies of captive and wild camels(Camelus ferus)

Captive conditions can affect the symbiotic microbiome of animals.In this study,we compared the structural and functional differences of the gastrointestinal microbiomes of wild Bactrian camels(Camelus ferus)between wild and captive populations,as well as their different host energy utilization performances through metagenomics.The results showed that wild-living camels harbored more microbial taxa related to the production of volatile fatty acids,fewer methanogens,and fewer genes encoding enzymes involved in methanogenesis,leading to higher energy utilization efficiency compared to that of captive-living camels.These findings suggest that the wild-living camel fecal microbiome demonstrates a series of adaptive characteristics that enable the host to adjust to a relatively barren field environment.Our study provides novel insights into the mechanisms of wildlife adaptations to habitats from the perspective of the microbiome.

Behavioural responses of ex-situ captive hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) in lactation season: Maternal investment and plasticity of infant self-independence

In order to promote hippopotamus manage-ment in the captive and ex-situ environment,especially the control of behavioural and physiological status during breeding and lactation seasons,we conducted a prelimin-ary study on behavioural responses of a pair of hippos including both mother and infant in Hangzhou Wildlife Park,China.The study of the captive hippos for about 1-month in the lactation season was carried out during August and September,2009.The behavioural patterns were identified by all occurrence sampling and instanta-neous scanning sampling methods with 5–10 min inter-vals.As a result,mother-offspring conflicts and interactions did occur throughout the whole study period.Early maternal investment showed a positive trend in activity rhythms(slope=0.0014,Z=0.3027,P<0.001)and a negative trend(slope=–0.0066,Z=0.8807,P<0.001)in territorial occupation of water,all of which supported our hypotheses that the mother hippo might exert less care for the infant and cut down on her own obligations in nursing.For infant self-independence,during the whole lactation season,the primary trends of activities and territorial occupation dynamics of the infant hippo were slightly different from before,judging from linear models(slope=–0.0017,Z=0.3309,P<0.001).However,the frequencies of activities were not stable,especially at around 12 days of age.The trends of territorial occupation(slope=–0.0071,Z=0.904,P<0.001)also showed negative dynamics in water body occupation by the time the infant hippo grew up.The general trend(slope=–0.005,Z=0.06,P<0.001)of suckling dynamics was demonstrably negative,with an upwardsfluctuation at period 3(10–15th day).This also illustrated that as the infant developed,the dependency on the mother was reduced at the end of the lactation season.In addition,a sharp decline between P3 and P4 also supported the mother-offspring conflict theory.In general,time budgets of hippos in active behaviour were(31.8�2.1)%for the mother and(32.1�2.6)%for the infant.Spatial distribu-tions in water within temporal limitations were(80.1�2.7)%for the mother and(81.8�2.7)%for the infant.Behavioural dynamics showed strong synchronous relations between maternal investment and infant inde-pendence.Our current short-term investigation proves to be a key in management and conservation of hippopotami during the lactation season.

Ship maneuvering prediction based on virtual captive model test and system dynamics approaches

The maneuvering simulation is carried out through the continuous captive model test and the system dynamics approach.The mathematical maneuvering group(MMG)model is implemented in the virtual captive model tests by using the computational fluid dynamics(CFD)techniques.The oblique towing test(OTT),the circular motion test(CMT),the rudder force test and the open water test are performed to obtain the hydrodynamic derivatives of the hull,the rudder and the propeller,and the results are validated by experimental data.By designing the tests,the number of cases is reduced to a low level,to allow us to evaluate the maneuverability with a low cost and in a short time.Using these obtained coefficients,the system-based maneuvering simulations are conducted to calculate the position and the attitude of the ship,with results in agreement with the free running test results.This procedure can also be used for other hull forms,with reduced workload and with convenience for maneuvering simulation tasks.

Establish a special conservation zone for the captive giant panda

The giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)is recognized worldwide as an icon for wildlife conservation.Since the introduction in 1992 of reliable methods for artificial insemination,the population of captive pandas has grown to approximately 350 individuals in 2013.However,ca ptive panda populations are harmed by environmental pollution,diseases trans-mitted from domestic animals,and other anthropologenic activities.Although the Chinese government has proposed the creation of a Giant Panda National Park,there are at least three reasons that suggest that it is premature to reintroduce captive pandas into this proposed national park.First,habitat fragmentation remains the greatest threat to survival of giant pandas;second,most captive pandas are hybrids of the Sichuan and Qinling subspecies and release of hybrids may lead to further introgression between the two subspecies;and third,captive pandas may be competitively inferior to wild pandas in the region,and may not survive fights for food or mates.As an alternative,we suggest establishing a special con-servation zone in the Shennongjia National Nature Reserve for wild training of captive pandas prior to their reintroduction into the National Park.

Underwater video cameras allow for detection of North American giant salamanders (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis alleganiensis) in both captive and wild streams

Captive propagation and translocation are becoming vital components of conservation and management strategies for Eastern hellbender(Cryptobranchus a.alleganiensis)populations.Zoos,aquaria,universities,and state and federal agencies are concomitantly collaborating on the protection,education,and maintenance of captive populations of this unusual,cryptic salamander.Conservation strategies include the use of artificial nesting structures,collection of eggs from the wild,and head-starting individuals in zoos or hatcheries.The effects of these strategies need to be monitored,however,traditional survey and monitoring methods for the species in the wild involves rock-lifting,which has the potential to both harm habitat and alter reproductive behavior.Therefore,there is a need to develop effective,non-invasive and non-destructive methods of monitoring both wild and captive populations of Eastern hellbenders.Herein,we compare two simple,affordable,underwater video and camera systems(borescope and Aqua-Vu cameras)in their ability to 1)facilitate detection of adults under potential cover items and 2)facilitate nest detection and monitoring in both wild and captive environments.Both cameras were successful in detecting individual hellbender presence,albeit with different resolutions and detection times.The borescope was better at accessing deep cavities given its large flexible attachment which allowed for greater flexibility of scanning crevices of adult shelters.However,search time increased and even low levels of suspended sediment reduced visibility with the borescope.The Aqua-Vu camera provided greater overall visibility and faster detection of individuals under both natural and artificial shelters.There was a significant difference in the amount of time required to detect hellbenders with each camera design when searching under natural rocks(borescope:median=67.8 s,Aqua-Vu:median=39.1 s;Kruskal Wallis Test H=15.62,p<0.001)and artificial shelters(borescope:median=30.9 s,Aqua-Vu:median=13 s;Kruskal Wallis Test H=25.23,p<0.0001).We detected 8 natural nests with actively guarding males and only one individual using a wild artificial shelter.We recommend hellbender researchers utilize a combination of underwater video cameras to suit their specific survey goals in both captive and field settings.Moreover,we recommend zoo staff incorporate these methods to not only monitor captive populations but also to potentially record breeding behavior in zoos and aquariums.

Comparative study of gut microbiota from captive and confiscatedrescued wild pangolins

Pangolins are among the most critically endangered animals due to widespread poaching and worldwide trafficking. Captive breeding is considered to be one way to protect them and increase the sizes of their populations. However, comparative studies of captive and wild pangolins in the context of gut microbiota are rare. Here, the gut microbiome of captive and confiscated-rescued wild pangolins is compared, and the effects of different periods of captivity and captivity with and without antibiotic treatment are considered.We show that different diets and periods of captivity, as well as the application of antibiotic therapy, can alter gut community composition and abundance in pangolins. Compared to wild pangolins, captive pangolins have an increased capacity for chitin and cellulose/hemicellulose degradation, fatty acid metabolism, and short-chain fatty acid synthesis, but a reduced ability to metabolize exogenous substances. In addition to increasing the ability of the gut microbiota to metabolize nutrients in captivity, captive breeding imposes some risks for survival by resulting in a greater abundance of antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors in captive pangolins than in wild pangolins. Our study is important for the development of guidelines for pangolin conservation, including health assessment, disease prevention, and rehabilitation of wild pangolin populations.

Tropical Climates May Be Suitable for Endangered Desert Tortoise Exhibits, Rescues, Adoptions

Governmental, educational, environmental and other nonprofit organizations have placed efforts on conservation action for the threatened Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii). While federal and state institutions have focused on the desert tortoise in its native habitat of the southwestern United States, there are other conservation groups whose work has been dedicated to the rescue, rehabilitation, rescue, placement and adoption of the desert tortoise in civilian homes and neighborhoods as well as sanctuaries, reserves and exhibits. AWAKE Community (AWAKE), a nonprofit organization dedicated to natural wildlife habitats and endangered species, has focused its research on desert tortoises in captivity. The California Turtle and Tortoise Club (CTTC), the official adoption arm of California’s Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW), has provided instruction on methods of care for desert tortoises raised in captivity including housing, feeding, sexing, health and hibernation for both adults and hatchlings. AWAKE’s research has been aimed at benefiting and supplementing the guidelines provided by CTTC, specifically for coastal climates. AWAKE’s research has also aimed to provide insight to be considered for expanding adoption possibilities to other locations, specifically tropical climates, as adoption needs for desert tortoises have increased. This manuscript presents an analysis of one coastal and one tropical climate that can serve as a basis for: 1) understanding and evaluating climate in both existing and potential habitats for desert tortoise adoptions, rescues and exhibits, 2) providing insight and special instruction for desert tortoise adoptions in coastal communities, and 3) expanding awareness around desert tortoise needs in captivity.

基于Captivate的网络多媒体课件制作技术研究

课件制作是现代远程教育发展中的重要一环,课件质量的优劣直接影响到远程教育的质量。针对传统多媒体课件开发技术和平台存在功能太简单、使用复杂、网络传输与播放不方便等方面的不足,本文着重探讨了Cap-tivate技术的特点和对教育培训业的影响,探讨了其在网络多媒体课件制作中的应用,介绍了用Captivate技术制作多媒体课件的方法,旨在高效便捷地进行多媒体教学课件的开发和网络课程的开发。

计算机基础课程改革的探索与实践

计算机基础课是提高学员信息素质,培养适应信息化战争所需高素质人才的核心课程,对我军信息化人才的培养起着关键作用。从教学内容的组织、教学方法的改进、教学手段的采用和灵活的考核机制等方面进行了改革和探索,为计算机基础课程改革提供了新的思路和方法。

信息技术能力培训中视频教程的制作---Macromedia Captivate的介绍与使用

该文简单介绍了屏幕录制软件Macromedia Captivate的主要功能和特点,并对利用Captivate制作演示型课件和交互型课件做了详细的介绍。信息技术培训者可以利用该软件轻松地制作出高质量的视频教程,从而实现对信息技术学习者的远程交互性指导。