[Objective] The aim of this study was to provide the theoretical basis for variety identification of carambola and pomiculture.[Method] The molecular structure of vessels in stem secondary xylem from three carambola v...[Objective] The aim of this study was to provide the theoretical basis for variety identification of carambola and pomiculture.[Method] The molecular structure of vessels in stem secondary xylem from three carambola varieties of Malaysia 8,Misi and Malaysia B17 were studied by cell image analysis system and microphotography.[Result] The molecular structure of vessels in stem secondary xylem from carambola was as follows:the first type had tails in two ends,the second type had tail in one end,and the third type had no tails in two ends.The average length of vessel elements was from 328.88 to 366.09 μm,while its average width was from 44.61 to 52.43 μm.Most of the end wall was simple perforation plates,while the alternate-opposite pitting was the major forms of pitting.[Conclusion] Most characteristics of vessel elements from carambola were evolutionary characters of vessel elements in the process of phylogeny,but there were more primitive characters,for example,both two ends of vessel had tails or just one end had tail,and end wall was inclined.The molecular structure of vessel from carambola was in accordance with its ecological adaptability,and the growth characteristics of different varieties were also in accordance with the difference of molecular structure of vessel.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the hepatoprotective activity of Averroha carambola fruit extract against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic injury.Methods:Hepatotoxicity was induced on albino mice by intraperitoneal admin...Objective:To investigate the hepatoprotective activity of Averroha carambola fruit extract against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic injury.Methods:Hepatotoxicity was induced on albino mice by intraperitoneal administration of CCl<sub>4</sub>.half an hour after the administration of the last dose of the extract of Averroha carambola fruit.Aqueous extract of the fruit of Averroha carambola was administered at a dose of 0.9 g/kg body weight once daily for seven days.The hepatic injury and its prevention was assessed by the estimation of serum activities of alanine aminotransferase（ALT）,aspartate aminotransferase（AST）,alkaline phosphates（ALP）,glutathione level and histopathological studies of liver.Results:Pre-treatment of mice with the fruit extract of Averrhoea carambola significantly reduced serum levels of ALT,AST and ALP enzyme and significantly increased the liver reduced glutathione levels 24 h after the administration of carbon tetrachloride.A marked improvement in the enzyme activities and the liver reduced glulathione level was observed in the pre-treated mice 4 days after the administration of carbon tetrachloride. Histopathological studies provided supportive evidence for the biochemical analvsis. Conclusions:The aqueous extract of the fruit of Averrhoea carambola has hepatoprotective effect against carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage in mice.展开更多
Two alkyl phenols,namely,2,5-dimethoxy-3-undecylphenol（1） and 5-methoxy-3-undecylphenol（2）,were isolated together with two known benzoquinones,5-O-methylembelin（3） and 2-dehydroxy-5-O-methylembelin（4） from the...Two alkyl phenols,namely,2,5-dimethoxy-3-undecylphenol（1） and 5-methoxy-3-undecylphenol（2）,were isolated together with two known benzoquinones,5-O-methylembelin（3） and 2-dehydroxy-5-O-methylembelin（4） from the wood of Averrhoa carambola.Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods（1D and 2D NMR）.展开更多
The acceptability and physicochemical qualities of carambola candy were evaluated in order to increase fruit consumption. The goal of this investigation was to see whether there were any techniques to preserve ca...The acceptability and physicochemical qualities of carambola candy were evaluated in order to increase fruit consumption. The goal of this investigation was to see whether there were any techniques to preserve carambola in the form of candy. Sugar in various forms (white sugar, corn syrup, icing sugar, and molasses) was employed in candy making process in this study. Moisture, protein, fat, ash, vitamin C, total sugar content, organoleptic quality and microbial status of the prepared candy were analyzed. Protein, fat, vit-C, and total sugar content of carrambola candy were found to be higher with white sugar solution but moisture and ash content was found to be higher with molasses. On the microbiological analysis, total fungal growth was tested visually at 0 to 90 days and compared with refrigeration and room temperature. Fungal growth was found at 90 days at room temperature for all types of carambola candy. Sensory attributes revealed that sample 2 (corn syrup-based candy) was most delicious and appreciated among other samples. The best characteristic of carambola candy was found with white sugar solution, with sufficient nutrient and lowest fungal growth than candy prepared with corn syrup, icing sugar solution and molasses.展开更多
Nano particle (NP) morphology is one of the material properties at the origin of potential application base properties exploited in several engineering and technology domains, such as fuel cell, electrodes, catalysis,...Nano particle (NP) morphology is one of the material properties at the origin of potential application base properties exploited in several engineering and technology domains, such as fuel cell, electrodes, catalysis, sensing, electric, thermal, magnetic, and photovoltaic applications. The general properties and particle morphology of nickel oxide/Nickel hydroxide NPs can be modified by the introduction of impurity atoms or ions. Nano sized nickel oxide/nickel hydroxide nanocomposites were obtained from the thermal decomposition of single molecular precursors synthesized by a modified oxalate route using Carambola fruit juice as a precipitating agent. The compositional and morphological variations were studied by introducing cobalt as an impurity ion at different w/w% fractions (0%, 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 1%, 3%, 5.0%, 40.0% and 50.0%) into the microstructure of the nickel oxide/hydroxide. The precursors were characterized by FT-IR, while TGA/DTG analysis was carried out to decompose the precursors. The precursors decomposed at 400°C and were characterized by PXRD and SEM/TEM. The results revealed that Pure Nickel Oxide (NiO) and, Cobalt-doped Nickel Oxide/nickel hydroxide (Co<sub>x</sub>Ni<sub>1</sub>-<sub>x</sub>O/Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>) Nano composites have been synthesized and the synthesized samples have exhibited three distinct morphologies (porous face-centered cubic nano rods, rough and discontinuous Co<sub>x</sub>Ni<sub>1</sub>-<sub>x</sub>O/Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>) composite and, smooth and continuous mix spherical/cuboidal mixed morphological phase of (NiO/CoO). The morphology of the NPs varied with the introduction of the dopant atoms and with increase in the concentration of dopant atoms in the composite. Magnetic studies using vibrating sample magnetometry revealed superparamagnetic properties which correlated strongly with particle size, shape and morphology. Observed values of retention (4.50 × 10<sup>-3</sup> emu/g) and coercivity (65.321 Oe) were found for 0.5 w/w% corresponding to impregnated porous nanorods of Co-doped NiO, and retention (9.03 × 10<sup>-3</sup> emu/g) and coercivity (64.341 Oe), for X = 50.0%, corresponding to an aggregate network of a Nano spherical/cubic CoO/NiO mixed phase. Magnetic properties within this range are known to improve the magnetic memory and hardness of the magnetic materials. Therefore, the synthesized Cobalt-doped Nickel Oxide/nickel hydroxide (Co<sub>x</sub>Ni<sub>1</sub>-<sub>x</sub>O/Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>) Nano composites have potential applications in Magnetic memories and hardness of magnetic materials.展开更多
Nano particle (NP) morphology is one of the material properties at the origin of potential application base properties exploited in several engineering and technology domains, such as fuel cell, electrodes, catalysis,...Nano particle (NP) morphology is one of the material properties at the origin of potential application base properties exploited in several engineering and technology domains, such as fuel cell, electrodes, catalysis, sensing, electric, thermal, magnetic, and photovoltaic applications. The general properties and particle morphology of nickel oxide/Nickel hydroxide NPs can be modified by the introduction of impurity atoms or ions. Nano sized nickel oxide/nickel hydroxide nanocomposites were obtained from the thermal decomposition of single molecular precursors synthesized by a modified oxalate route using Carambola fruit juice as a precipitating agent. The compositional and morphological variations were studied by introducing cobalt as an impurity ion at different w/w% fractions (0%, 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 1%, 3%, 5.0%, 40.0% and 50.0%) into the microstructure of the nickel oxide/hydroxide. The precursors were characterized by FT-IR, while TGA/DTG analysis was carried out to decompose the precursors. The precursors decomposed at 400°C and were characterized by PXRD and SEM/TEM. The results revealed that Pure Nickel Oxide (NiO) and, Cobalt-doped Nickel Oxide/nickel hydroxide (Co<sub>x</sub>Ni<sub>1</sub>-<sub>x</sub>O/Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>) Nano composites have been synthesized and the synthesized samples have exhibited three distinct morphologies (porous face-centered cubic nano rods, rough and discontinuous Co<sub>x</sub>Ni<sub>1</sub>-<sub>x</sub>O/Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>) composite and, smooth and continuous mix spherical/cuboidal mixed morphological phase of (NiO/CoO). The morphology of the NPs varied with the introduction of the dopant atoms and with increase in the concentration of dopant atoms in the composite. Magnetic studies using vibrating sample magnetometry revealed superparamagnetic properties which correlated strongly with particle size, shape and morphology. Observed values of retention (4.50 × 10<sup>-3</sup> emu/g) and coercivity (65.321 Oe) were found for 0.5 w/w% corresponding to impregnated porous nanorods of Co-doped NiO, and retention (9.03 × 10<sup>-3</sup> emu/g) and coercivity (64.341 Oe), for X = 50.0%, corresponding to an aggregate network of a Nano spherical/cubic CoO/NiO mixed phase. Magnetic properties within this range are known to improve the magnetic memory and hardness of the magnetic materials. Therefore, the synthesized Cobalt-doped Nickel Oxide/nickel hydroxide (Co<sub>x</sub>Ni<sub>1</sub>-<sub>x</sub>O/Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>) Nano composites have potential applications in Magnetic memories and hardness of magnetic materials.展开更多
基金Supported by Guangdong Natural Science Foundation(04300850)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim of this study was to provide the theoretical basis for variety identification of carambola and pomiculture.[Method] The molecular structure of vessels in stem secondary xylem from three carambola varieties of Malaysia 8,Misi and Malaysia B17 were studied by cell image analysis system and microphotography.[Result] The molecular structure of vessels in stem secondary xylem from carambola was as follows:the first type had tails in two ends,the second type had tail in one end,and the third type had no tails in two ends.The average length of vessel elements was from 328.88 to 366.09 μm,while its average width was from 44.61 to 52.43 μm.Most of the end wall was simple perforation plates,while the alternate-opposite pitting was the major forms of pitting.[Conclusion] Most characteristics of vessel elements from carambola were evolutionary characters of vessel elements in the process of phylogeny,but there were more primitive characters,for example,both two ends of vessel had tails or just one end had tail,and end wall was inclined.The molecular structure of vessel from carambola was in accordance with its ecological adaptability,and the growth characteristics of different varieties were also in accordance with the difference of molecular structure of vessel.
文摘Objective:To investigate the hepatoprotective activity of Averroha carambola fruit extract against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic injury.Methods:Hepatotoxicity was induced on albino mice by intraperitoneal administration of CCl<sub>4</sub>.half an hour after the administration of the last dose of the extract of Averroha carambola fruit.Aqueous extract of the fruit of Averroha carambola was administered at a dose of 0.9 g/kg body weight once daily for seven days.The hepatic injury and its prevention was assessed by the estimation of serum activities of alanine aminotransferase（ALT）,aspartate aminotransferase（AST）,alkaline phosphates（ALP）,glutathione level and histopathological studies of liver.Results:Pre-treatment of mice with the fruit extract of Averrhoea carambola significantly reduced serum levels of ALT,AST and ALP enzyme and significantly increased the liver reduced glutathione levels 24 h after the administration of carbon tetrachloride.A marked improvement in the enzyme activities and the liver reduced glulathione level was observed in the pre-treated mice 4 days after the administration of carbon tetrachloride. Histopathological studies provided supportive evidence for the biochemical analvsis. Conclusions:The aqueous extract of the fruit of Averrhoea carambola has hepatoprotective effect against carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage in mice.
基金support from the Commission on Higher Education(CHE-RES-RG)
文摘Two alkyl phenols,namely,2,5-dimethoxy-3-undecylphenol（1） and 5-methoxy-3-undecylphenol（2）,were isolated together with two known benzoquinones,5-O-methylembelin（3） and 2-dehydroxy-5-O-methylembelin（4） from the wood of Averrhoa carambola.Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods（1D and 2D NMR）.
文摘The acceptability and physicochemical qualities of carambola candy were evaluated in order to increase fruit consumption. The goal of this investigation was to see whether there were any techniques to preserve carambola in the form of candy. Sugar in various forms (white sugar, corn syrup, icing sugar, and molasses) was employed in candy making process in this study. Moisture, protein, fat, ash, vitamin C, total sugar content, organoleptic quality and microbial status of the prepared candy were analyzed. Protein, fat, vit-C, and total sugar content of carrambola candy were found to be higher with white sugar solution but moisture and ash content was found to be higher with molasses. On the microbiological analysis, total fungal growth was tested visually at 0 to 90 days and compared with refrigeration and room temperature. Fungal growth was found at 90 days at room temperature for all types of carambola candy. Sensory attributes revealed that sample 2 (corn syrup-based candy) was most delicious and appreciated among other samples. The best characteristic of carambola candy was found with white sugar solution, with sufficient nutrient and lowest fungal growth than candy prepared with corn syrup, icing sugar solution and molasses.
文摘Nano particle (NP) morphology is one of the material properties at the origin of potential application base properties exploited in several engineering and technology domains, such as fuel cell, electrodes, catalysis, sensing, electric, thermal, magnetic, and photovoltaic applications. The general properties and particle morphology of nickel oxide/Nickel hydroxide NPs can be modified by the introduction of impurity atoms or ions. Nano sized nickel oxide/nickel hydroxide nanocomposites were obtained from the thermal decomposition of single molecular precursors synthesized by a modified oxalate route using Carambola fruit juice as a precipitating agent. The compositional and morphological variations were studied by introducing cobalt as an impurity ion at different w/w% fractions (0%, 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 1%, 3%, 5.0%, 40.0% and 50.0%) into the microstructure of the nickel oxide/hydroxide. The precursors were characterized by FT-IR, while TGA/DTG analysis was carried out to decompose the precursors. The precursors decomposed at 400°C and were characterized by PXRD and SEM/TEM. The results revealed that Pure Nickel Oxide (NiO) and, Cobalt-doped Nickel Oxide/nickel hydroxide (Co<sub>x</sub>Ni<sub>1</sub>-<sub>x</sub>O/Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>) Nano composites have been synthesized and the synthesized samples have exhibited three distinct morphologies (porous face-centered cubic nano rods, rough and discontinuous Co<sub>x</sub>Ni<sub>1</sub>-<sub>x</sub>O/Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>) composite and, smooth and continuous mix spherical/cuboidal mixed morphological phase of (NiO/CoO). The morphology of the NPs varied with the introduction of the dopant atoms and with increase in the concentration of dopant atoms in the composite. Magnetic studies using vibrating sample magnetometry revealed superparamagnetic properties which correlated strongly with particle size, shape and morphology. Observed values of retention (4.50 × 10<sup>-3</sup> emu/g) and coercivity (65.321 Oe) were found for 0.5 w/w% corresponding to impregnated porous nanorods of Co-doped NiO, and retention (9.03 × 10<sup>-3</sup> emu/g) and coercivity (64.341 Oe), for X = 50.0%, corresponding to an aggregate network of a Nano spherical/cubic CoO/NiO mixed phase. Magnetic properties within this range are known to improve the magnetic memory and hardness of the magnetic materials. Therefore, the synthesized Cobalt-doped Nickel Oxide/nickel hydroxide (Co<sub>x</sub>Ni<sub>1</sub>-<sub>x</sub>O/Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>) Nano composites have potential applications in Magnetic memories and hardness of magnetic materials.
文摘Nano particle (NP) morphology is one of the material properties at the origin of potential application base properties exploited in several engineering and technology domains, such as fuel cell, electrodes, catalysis, sensing, electric, thermal, magnetic, and photovoltaic applications. The general properties and particle morphology of nickel oxide/Nickel hydroxide NPs can be modified by the introduction of impurity atoms or ions. Nano sized nickel oxide/nickel hydroxide nanocomposites were obtained from the thermal decomposition of single molecular precursors synthesized by a modified oxalate route using Carambola fruit juice as a precipitating agent. The compositional and morphological variations were studied by introducing cobalt as an impurity ion at different w/w% fractions (0%, 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 1%, 3%, 5.0%, 40.0% and 50.0%) into the microstructure of the nickel oxide/hydroxide. The precursors were characterized by FT-IR, while TGA/DTG analysis was carried out to decompose the precursors. The precursors decomposed at 400°C and were characterized by PXRD and SEM/TEM. The results revealed that Pure Nickel Oxide (NiO) and, Cobalt-doped Nickel Oxide/nickel hydroxide (Co<sub>x</sub>Ni<sub>1</sub>-<sub>x</sub>O/Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>) Nano composites have been synthesized and the synthesized samples have exhibited three distinct morphologies (porous face-centered cubic nano rods, rough and discontinuous Co<sub>x</sub>Ni<sub>1</sub>-<sub>x</sub>O/Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>) composite and, smooth and continuous mix spherical/cuboidal mixed morphological phase of (NiO/CoO). The morphology of the NPs varied with the introduction of the dopant atoms and with increase in the concentration of dopant atoms in the composite. Magnetic studies using vibrating sample magnetometry revealed superparamagnetic properties which correlated strongly with particle size, shape and morphology. Observed values of retention (4.50 × 10<sup>-3</sup> emu/g) and coercivity (65.321 Oe) were found for 0.5 w/w% corresponding to impregnated porous nanorods of Co-doped NiO, and retention (9.03 × 10<sup>-3</sup> emu/g) and coercivity (64.341 Oe), for X = 50.0%, corresponding to an aggregate network of a Nano spherical/cubic CoO/NiO mixed phase. Magnetic properties within this range are known to improve the magnetic memory and hardness of the magnetic materials. Therefore, the synthesized Cobalt-doped Nickel Oxide/nickel hydroxide (Co<sub>x</sub>Ni<sub>1</sub>-<sub>x</sub>O/Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>) Nano composites have potential applications in Magnetic memories and hardness of magnetic materials.
