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Low-Level Antibiotic Resistance among Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-Negative Pathogens from Infected Skin and Soft Tissues in Rural Kenya
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作者 Justin Nyasinga Zubair Munshi +3 位作者 Lillian Musila Ephantus Mbugua Geoffrey Omuse Gunturu Revathi 《Open Journal of Medical Microbiology》 2024年第1期23-38,共16页
Introduction: Bacterial skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are a cause of frequent inpatient and outpatient care visits whose causative agents are associated with a high antimicrobial resistance burden. For insig... Introduction: Bacterial skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are a cause of frequent inpatient and outpatient care visits whose causative agents are associated with a high antimicrobial resistance burden. For insights on antimicrobial susceptibilities in a rural setting, we examined specimens from suspected SSTIs from two public health facilities in Kenya. We additionally assessed antibiotic use, appropriateness of empiric therapy and risk factors for SSTI. Methodology: Between 2021 and 2023, 265 patients at Kisii and Nyamira County Referral hospitals were enrolled. Wound swabs/aspirates were collected and processed following standard microbiological procedures. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility were performed using the VITEK 2 Compact platform. Demographic, clinical, and microbiological data were analyzed with R Statistical software. Results: S. aureus was isolated in 16.2% (43/265) of patients with a methicillin resistance (MRSA) proportion of 14% (6/43). While 13/15 drugs elicited susceptibilities ranging from 84% - 100%, penicillin (16%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole [TMP-SXT] (23%) yielded the lowest susceptibilities. Escherichia coli (n = 33), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 8), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 8), and Citrobacter species (n = 4) were the most commonly isolated gram-negative species. Gram-negative strains showed high susceptibilities to most of the tested drugs (71% - 100%) with the exception of ampicillin (18%), TMP-SXT (33%), and first and second generation cephalosporins. Conclusions: The low MRSA prevalence and generally high antibiotic susceptibilities for S. aureus and gram-negative bacteria present opportunities for antibiotic stewardship in the study setting. Diminished susceptibilities against penicillin/ampicillin and TMP-SXT accord with prevailing local data and add a layer of evidence for their cautious empiric use. 展开更多
关键词 S. aureus MRSA gram-negative bacteria Antimicrobial resistance SSTIs Kenya
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Risk factors and mortality rates of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections in intensive care units
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作者 Tulay Orhan Kuloglu Gamze Kalin Unuvar +2 位作者 Fatma Cevahir Aysegul Ulu Kilic Emine Alp 《Journal of Intensive Medicine》 CSCD 2024年第3期347-354,共8页
Background The prevalence of hospital-acquired infections caused by carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria(CRGNB)is increasing worldwide.Several risk factors have been associated with such infections.The present ... Background The prevalence of hospital-acquired infections caused by carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria(CRGNB)is increasing worldwide.Several risk factors have been associated with such infections.The present study aimed to identify risk factors and determine the mortality rates associated with CRGNB infections in intensive care units.Methods This retrospective case-control study was conducted at Erciyes University Hospital(Kayseri,Turkey)between January 2017 and December 2021.Demographic and laboratory data were obtained from the Infection Control Committee data and record system.Patients who had CRGNB infection 48–72 h after hospitalization were assigned to the case group,while those who were not infected with CRGNB during hospitalization formed the control group.Risk factors,comorbidity,demographic data,and mortality rates were compared between the two groups.Results Approximately 1449 patients(8.97%)were monitored during the active follow-up period;of those,1171 patients were included in this analysis.CRGNB infection developed in 14 patients(70.00%)who had CRGNB colonization at admission;in 162(78.26%)were colonized during hospitalization,whereas 515(54.56%)were not colonized.There was no significant difference in age,sex(male/female)or comorbidities.The total length of hospital stay was statistically significantly longer(P=0.001)in the case group(median:24[interquartile range:3–378]days)than the control group(median:16[interquartile range:3–135]days).The rates of colonization at admission(25.5%;vs.10.6%,P=0.001)and mortality(64.4%vs.45.8%,P=0.001)were also significantly higher in the cases than in the control group,respectively.In the univariate analysis,prolonged hospitalization,the time from intensive care unit admission to the development of infection,presence of CRGNB colonization at admission,transfer from other hospitals,previous antibiotic use,enteral nutrition,transfusion,hemodialysis,mechanical ventilation,tracheostomy,reintubation,central venous catheter,arterial catheterization,chest tube,total parenteral nutrition,nasogastric tube use,and bronchoscopy procedures were significantly associated with CRGNB infections(P<0.05).Multivariate analysis identified the total length of stay in the hospital(odds ratio[OR]=1.02;95%confidence interval[CI]:1.01 to 1.03;P=0.001),colonization(OR=2.19;95%CI:1.53 to 3.13;P=0.001),previous antibiotic use(OR=2.36;95%CI:1.53 to 3.62;P=0.001),intubation(OR=1.59;95%CI:1.14 to 2.20;P=0.006),tracheostomy(OR=1.42;95%CI:1.01 to 1.99;P=0.047),and central venous catheter use(OR=1.62;95%CI:1.20 to 2.19;P=0.002)as the most important risk factors for CRGNB infection.Conclusions Colonization,previous use of antibiotics,and invasive interventions were recognized as the most important risk factors for infections.Future research should focus on measures for the control of these parameters. 展开更多
关键词 Multidrug resistance gram-negative bacteria INFECTION Intensive care units
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Seafood as a Reservoir of Gram-negative Bacteria Carrying Integrons and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Japan 被引量:4
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作者 Ashraf M.Ahmed Akito Maruyama +2 位作者 Hazim O.Khalifa Toshi Shimamoto Tadashi Shimamoto 《Biomedical and Environmental Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2015年第12期924-927,共4页
PCR and DNA sequencing were used to screen and characterize integrons and resistance genes in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from seafood products in Japan.A total of 215 Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from loc... PCR and DNA sequencing were used to screen and characterize integrons and resistance genes in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from seafood products in Japan.A total of 215 Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from local and imported seafood samples collected from retail markets in Hiroshima Prefecture.Class 1 integrons containing gene cassettes encoding resistance to trimethoprim 展开更多
关键词 gene Seafood as a Reservoir of gram-negative bacteria Carrying Integrons and Antimicrobial resistance Genes in Japan STR CMY
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Impact of Polymyxin Resistance on Virulence and Fitness among Clinically Important Gram-Negative Bacteria 被引量:1
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作者 Yuan Wang Qixia Luo +2 位作者 Tingting Xiao Yunying Zhu Yonghong Xiao 《Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS 2022年第6期178-185,共8页
Humanity is facing an enormous and growing worldwide threat from the emergence of multi-drug-resistant(MDR)Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,and Acinetobacter baumannii.Polymyxin B ... Humanity is facing an enormous and growing worldwide threat from the emergence of multi-drug-resistant(MDR)Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,and Acinetobacter baumannii.Polymyxin B and E(colistin)constitute the last-line therapies for treating MDR Gram-negative bacteria.Polymyxin is a cationic antibacterial peptide that can destroy the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.With the increasing clinical application of polymyxin,however,there have been many reports of the occurrence of polymyxin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria.This resistance is mainly mediated by the modification or complete loss of lipopolysaccharide(LPS).LPS is also a virulence factor of Gram-negative bacteria,and alterations of LPS may correlate with virulence.Although it is generally believed that the biological costs associated with drug resistance may enable benign susceptible bacteria to overcome resistant bacteria when antibiotic pressure is reduced,some studies have shown that polymyxin-resistant bacteria are associated with higher virulence and greater fitness compared with their susceptible counterparts.To predict the development of polymyxin resis-tance and evaluate interventions for its mitigation,it is important to understand the relative biological cost of polymyxin resistance compared with susceptibility.The impact of polymyxin resistance mecha-nisms on the virulence and fitness of these three Gram-negative bacteria are summarized in this review. 展开更多
关键词 POLYMYXIN resistANCE VIRULENCE FITNESS gram-negative bacteria Acinetobacter baumannii Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumoniae
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Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolates in Shellfish Samples from Two River Estuaries in South-South Nigeria
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作者 Nsikan Samuel Udoekong Bassey Enya Bassey +2 位作者 Anne Ebri Asuquo Otobong Donald Akan Casmir Ifeanyichukwu Cajetan Ifeanyi 《Advances in Microbiology》 2021年第9期428-443,共16页
Antibiotic resistant bacteria pathogens remain the leading cause of shellfish borne diseases and a major health threat to humans worldwide. The objectives of this study were to isolate, identify, and determine the ant... Antibiotic resistant bacteria pathogens remain the leading cause of shellfish borne diseases and a major health threat to humans worldwide. The objectives of this study were to isolate, identify, and determine the antibiotic resistance patterns of Gram-negative bacteria from shellfish. We analyzed a total of 540 shellfish (117 clams, 88 oysters, and 136 periwinkles) samples collected from different vendors at Iko and Douglas Creeks in Akwa Ibom State, South-South Nigeria. Conventional cultural techniques, morphological, biochemical characteristics, and PCR amplification were used to identify the bacterial isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility tests (Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method) and ESBL phenotype (disk) of the isolates were performed. One hundred and thirty-five (135) Gram-negative bacteria comprising 5 genera and 14 species were detected at a prevalence of: <i>Alcaligenes faecalis</i> <i><b>TRB</b></i>-7 38 (28.2%), <i>Pseudomonas oryzihabitans strain <b>KCB</i>005</b> 16 (11.9%), <i>Paenalcaligenes retgerii strain <b>B</i>5</b> 12 (8.9%) <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa <b>JB</i>2</b> 10 (7.4%), <i>Providencia stuartii <b>DMC</i>-28b</b> 9 (6.7%), <i>Alcaligenes species <b>TLT</i>151</b> 8 (5.9%), <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa <b>CIFRI DTSB</i>1</b> 7 (5.2%), <i>Paenalcaligenes species <b>UN</i>24</b> 7 (5.2%), <i>Alcaligenes faecalis <b>BT</i>10</b> 7 (5.2%), <i>Vibrio species strain <b>PrVy</i>108</b> 6 (4.4%), <i>Pseudomonas xiamenensis <b>C</i>10-2</b> 5 (3.7%), <i>Providencia vemicola <b>Bu</i>15_38</b> 4 (2.9%), <i>Pseudomonas anguillisceptica</i> <b>4029</b> 3 (2.2%), and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa <b>N</i>15-01092</b> 3 (2.2%). All tested isolates showed various degrees of resistance to the thirteen antimicrobials evaluated. High levels of resistance (100%) to cefepime and imipenem were expressed by all isolates except the <i>Providencia</i> species. For the EBSL indicators, all isolates apart from <i>Alcaligenes</i> species were resistant (100%) to ceftriaxone. All <i>Vibrio</i> species were susceptible to norfloxacin, nalidixic acid, and ceftazidime. The identification of antibiotic resistant Gram-negative bacteria (GNARB) from shellfish in this study highlights the risk of disseminated multi-drug resistance—a serious public health concern. 展开更多
关键词 SHELLFISH gram-negative bacteria ESBL-Indicators Multi-Drug resistance Calabar
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Mechanisms of tigecycline resistance in Gram-negative bacteria:A narrative review
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作者 Wenya Su Wenjia Wang +5 位作者 Ling Li Mengge Zhang Hai Xu Chengzhang Fu Xiuhua Pang Mingyu Wang 《Engineering Microbiology》 2024年第3期54-61,共8页
Tigecycline serves as a critical“final-resort”antibiotic for treating bacterial infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria for which treatment options are severely limited.The increasing prevalence of tigecyc... Tigecycline serves as a critical“final-resort”antibiotic for treating bacterial infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria for which treatment options are severely limited.The increasing prevalence of tigecycline resistance,particularly among Gram-negative bacteria,is a major concern.Various mechanisms have been iden-tified as contributors to tigecycline resistance,including upregulation of nonspecific Resistance Nodulation Divi-sion(RND)efflux pumps due to mutations in transcriptional regulators,enzymatic modification of tigecycline by monooxygenase enzymes,and mutations affecting tigecycline binding sites.This review aims to consolidate our understanding of tigecycline resistance mechanisms in Gram-negative bacteria and offer insights and perspectives for further drug development. 展开更多
关键词 gram-negative bacteria TIGECYCLINE Tigecycline resistance resistance mechanisms RND efflux pump
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Immunogenomics for identification of disease resistance genes in pigs: a review focusing on Gram-negative bacilli
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作者 Shuhong Zhao Mengjin Zhu Hongbo Chen 《Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology》 SCIE CAS 2013年第1期5-17,共13页
Over the past years, infectious disease has caused enormous economic loss in pig industry. Among the pathogens, gram negative bacteria not only cause inflammation, but also cause different diseases and make the pigs m... Over the past years, infectious disease has caused enormous economic loss in pig industry. Among the pathogens, gram negative bacteria not only cause inflammation, but also cause different diseases and make the pigs more susceptible to virus infection. Vaccination, medication and elimination of sick pigs are major strategies of controlling disease. Genetic methods, such as selection of disease resistance in the pig, have not been widely used. Recently, the completion of the porcine whole genome sequencing has provided powerful tools to identify the genome regions that harboring genes controlling disease or immunity. Immunogenornics, which combines DNA variations, transcriptorne, immune response, and QTL mapping data to illustrate the interactions between pathogen and host immune system, will be an effective genomics tool for identification of disease resistance genes in pigs. These genes will be potential targets for disease resistance in breeding programs. This paper reviewed the progress of disease resistance study in the pig focusing on Gram-negative bacilli. Major porcine Gram-negative bacilli and diseases, suggested candidate genes/pathways against porcine Gram-negative bacilli, and distributions of QTLs for immune capacity on pig chromosomes were summarized. Some tools for immunogenomics research were described. We conclude that integration of sequencing, whole genome associations, functional genomics studies, and immune response information is necessary to illustrate molecular mechanisms and key genes in disease resistance. 展开更多
关键词 PIG gram-negative bacteria Immunogenomics Disease resistance breeding
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Isolation and Antibiotic-Resistant Pattern of Opportunistic Infectious Microbes from the Infected Sites of Oral Cancer Patients Compared to That of Healthy People Oral Microbiota 被引量:1
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作者 Zareen Nawar Samiha Ashreen +1 位作者 M. Mahboob Hossain Akash Ahmed 《Advances in Microbiology》 2021年第8期343-359,共17页
<b>Introduction:</b> Oral cancer is the third most prominent type of cancer in Bangladesh. During or after oral cancer treatment, immune-compromised cancer patients may be susceptible to an infection by mu... <b>Introduction:</b> Oral cancer is the third most prominent type of cancer in Bangladesh. During or after oral cancer treatment, immune-compromised cancer patients may be susceptible to an infection by multi-drug-resistant opportunistic microbes. This study aims to identify the prevalent microorganisms from the infected site of oral cancer patients and observe their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Clinical samples were collected from the infected sites of oral cancer patients and healthy people. The swabs collected were placed on nutrient agar slant, then incubated for 24 hours at 37ºC. Bacteria from the slant were inoculated in several selective media (Mannitol Salt Agar Media, KF Streptococcus Agar media, Cetrimide Agar, Eosin Methylene Blue Agar). Several biochemical tests identified opportunistic microorganisms. Finally, the antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. <b>Results:</b> The study found that 65.4% of microbes isolated from the patients’ oral cavities were Gram-negative bacteria, and 34.6% were Gram-positive bacteria. Among the patient group isolates (n = 55), the most prevalent organism was <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. (30;54.54%). Others were <i>Klebsiella</i> spp. (27;49.09%), <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. (24;43.63%), <i>E. coli</i> (14;25.45%), <i>Streptococcus</i> spp. (14;25.45%), <i>Proteus</i> spp. (12;21.8%) and <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. (6;10.90%). Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative microbes from the patient group have shown high resistance to the commonly used antibiotics. In the control group (n = 50), the most prevalent organism was <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. (15;30%). Other organisms were <i>Streptococcus</i> spp. (6;12%), <i>Klebsiella</i> spp. (11;22%), <i>E. coli</i> (3;6%), <i>Streptococcus</i> spp. (14;25.45%), <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. (8;16%). The microbes of the control group showed less resistance to the antibiotics and rather showed sensitivity to them. <b>Conclusion:</b> The study revealed a high prevalence of multi-drug-resistant opportunistic microbes on immune-compromised oral cancer patients compared to microbes isolated from healthy people’s oral cavity. 展开更多
关键词 Antibiotic resistance gram-negative bacteria Gram-Positive bacteria Immuno-Compromised Oral Cancer
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The Five Years Surveillance and Trends of Antibiotic Resistance in Some Common Gram Negative Bacteria at the Vietnam Military Hospital
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作者 Ha Thi Thu Van Hoang Xuan Quang +1 位作者 Vo Thi Bich Thuy Nguyen Thai Son 《Advances in Microbiology》 2020年第12期730-741,共12页
The study is to identify trends and levels of antibiotic resistance of some common Gram-negative strains over time. The samples were collected from Vietnam Military Hospital 103 between 2014 and 2019. A total of 405 &... The study is to identify trends and levels of antibiotic resistance of some common Gram-negative strains over time. The samples were collected from Vietnam Military Hospital 103 between 2014 and 2019. A total of 405 <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>., 528 <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, 741 <i>Escherichia coli</i>, and 352 <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> strains were identified and antimicrobial susceptibility was by Vitek system and Etest method. The multi-drug resistance (MDR) was major proportion of four common bacteria. In particular, there is a tendency to shift from MDR to Extended drug resistance (XDR) or possibly Pan drug resistant (pPDR). <i>A. baumannii</i> had the highest level of antibiotic resistance, namely, carbapenem (61.5% - 82.5%) and cephalosporin (72.7% - 88.7%). <i>P. aeruginosa</i> resisted most of commonly antibiotics, ranging from 50% to 70%. <i>E. coli</i> had a high resistance with antibiotics like ampicillin (87.2% - 97.6%) and the 3rd generation cephalosporins (up to 79.6%). <i>K. pneumoniae</i> resisted carbapenem from 14.7% to 44.4%, and other antibiotics with the higher rate of 40%. The collected data will be a prerequisite for further studies on mechanisms and factors related to antibiotic resistant bacteria, in order to find out a rational and effective using strategy of antibiotics. 展开更多
关键词 gram-negative bacteria Antibiotic resistance Multi-Drug resistance
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湖南省细菌耐药监测网2012-2021年ICU分离细菌耐药性监测报告
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作者 陈丽华 付陈超 +12 位作者 李晨 李艳明 刘君 宁兴旺 石国民 邬靖敏 杨怀德 袁红霞 郑铭 任南 黄勋 吴安华 周建党 《中国感染控制杂志》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第8期942-953,共12页
目的了解2012—2021年湖南省细菌耐药监测网网点医院重症监护病房(ICU)患者临床分离菌株分布情况及对抗菌药物的敏感性。方法按照全国细菌耐药监测网方案,应用WHONET 2022软件对所有湖南省耐药监测网成员单位上报的ICU临床分离细菌及药... 目的了解2012—2021年湖南省细菌耐药监测网网点医院重症监护病房(ICU)患者临床分离菌株分布情况及对抗菌药物的敏感性。方法按照全国细菌耐药监测网方案,应用WHONET 2022软件对所有湖南省耐药监测网成员单位上报的ICU临床分离细菌及药敏结果数据进行分析。结果2012—2021年各年份湖南省细菌耐药监测网成员单位ICU分离细菌总数为5777~22369株,其中革兰阴性菌每年占比为76.1%~78.0%。金黄色葡萄球菌一直稳居每年分离的革兰阳性菌之首。革兰阴性菌中,居前5位的细菌分别为鲍曼不动杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌和嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌。耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌检出率呈逐年下降趋势,未发现对万古霉素、替考拉宁及利奈唑胺耐药的葡萄球菌属细菌。耐万古霉素粪肠球菌检出率为0.6~1.1%,耐万古霉素屎肠球菌检出率为0.6%~2.2%。大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌对亚胺培南的耐药率分别为3.1%~5.7%、7.7%~20.9%。铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌对亚胺培南耐药率分别为24.6%~40.1%、76.1%~80.9%,耐碳青霉烯类铜绿假单胞菌检出率呈逐年下降趋势,鲍曼不动杆菌对多黏菌素B保持了较高的敏感性,耐药率<10%。结论ICU临床分离菌对常见抗菌药物的耐药形势较严峻,尤其是耐碳青霉烯类肠杆菌目细菌在2019年后有升高趋势,需要加强细菌耐药监测,开展多学科联动。 展开更多
关键词 病原菌 耐药性 重症监护病房 耐碳青霉烯类革兰阴性菌 湖南省细菌耐药监测网
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耐碳青霉烯类革兰阴性菌致泌尿系结石患者并发尿源性脓毒血症6例报告及文献复习
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作者 王志 阿斯木江·阿不拉 +2 位作者 哈木拉提·吐送 林筱琦 王捷 《现代泌尿外科杂志》 CAS 2024年第8期680-684,共5页
目的探讨泌尿系结石患者耐碳青霉烯类革兰阴性菌(CRGNB)感染致尿源性脓毒血症的临床特点与治疗策略。方法回顾性分析新疆医科大学第一附属医院收治的6例因CRGNB感染致尿源性脓毒血症的泌尿系结石患者的临床数据,结合近几年国内外治疗该... 目的探讨泌尿系结石患者耐碳青霉烯类革兰阴性菌(CRGNB)感染致尿源性脓毒血症的临床特点与治疗策略。方法回顾性分析新疆医科大学第一附属医院收治的6例因CRGNB感染致尿源性脓毒血症的泌尿系结石患者的临床数据,结合近几年国内外治疗该疾病的指南和相关文献重点分析其临床感染特征和临床抗感染用药。结果6例患者均为院内获得性感染,具有输尿管支架管置入史及侵入性操作史,均进行细菌培养实验,并检出CRGNB共7株,采用单药或多药联合的治疗方案,经抗感染治疗均好转。其中病例3、4、6依据药敏试验最小抑制浓度(MIC)值选择用药,疗效良好。结论泌尿系结石患者CRGNB感染致尿源性脓毒血症多发于细菌培养阳性、侵入性操作患者,抗感染治疗有效,需根据患者具体情况和细菌耐药性变化灵活调整用药策略,以达到最佳治疗效果。 展开更多
关键词 耐碳青霉烯类革兰阴性菌 泌尿系结石 尿源性脓毒血症 尿培养 血培养 感染
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某院肺炎克雷伯菌的临床分布和耐药性分析
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作者 郑远明 毕艺馨 周杰 《国外医药(抗生素分册)》 CAS 2024年第4期265-270,共6页
目的分析大连市友谊医院2017年—2022年分离肺炎克雷伯菌的临床分布特征以及耐药性,为临床治疗肺炎克雷伯菌感染提供理论依据。方法收集大连市友谊医院2017年—2022年间分离的1865株肺炎克雷伯菌临床株,采用Whonet 5.6软件分析肺炎克雷... 目的分析大连市友谊医院2017年—2022年分离肺炎克雷伯菌的临床分布特征以及耐药性,为临床治疗肺炎克雷伯菌感染提供理论依据。方法收集大连市友谊医院2017年—2022年间分离的1865株肺炎克雷伯菌临床株,采用Whonet 5.6软件分析肺炎克雷伯菌临床分布和药敏情况,采用SPSS22.0软件对细菌耐药率进行分析。结果肺炎克雷伯菌在痰液标本中的分离率最高(956株,51.26%);临床科室检出率最多的是重症医学科(734株,39.36%)。肺炎克雷伯菌对青霉素类、头孢菌素类和喹诺酮类药物耐药率相对较高,最高是头孢唑啉(69.8%);其次是氨基糖苷类、碳青霉烯类和四环素类药物,最低的是阿米卡星(17.6%)。所有20类监测药物的耐药率2019年较低(<60%),在2022年较高,耐药率大于70%有哌拉西林(75.6%)、氨苄西林/舒巴坦(72.8%)和环丙沙星(72.7%)。六年间有18种抗菌药物变化显著(P<0.05):2017年—2018年,有8类药物耐药率变化显著(P<0.05),头孢替坦和头孢他啶耐药率明显降低,哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、头孢唑啉、环丙沙星、庆大霉素和妥布霉素耐药率明显升高;2020年耐药率增长明显的是米诺环素和左氧氟沙星;2021年米诺环素耐药率下降明显,庆大霉素耐药率增长明显;2022年有20类药物耐药率都增高,其中哌拉西林、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、氨苄西林/舒巴坦、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、头孢曲松、亚胺培南、美罗培南、左氧氟沙星、阿米卡星和妥布霉素10类药物耐药率增高明显(P<0.05)。结论本院近年分离肺炎克雷伯菌临床株对20类抗菌药物耐药率有普遍增高趋势,特别是疫情严重的2022年,加酶抑制剂药物、碳青霉烯类、喹诺酮类和氨基糖苷类药物耐药率上升显著。后疫情时代微生物室应加强细菌耐药性监测,特别注意耐加酶抑制剂、耐三代头孢和耐碳青霉烯类的药物的肺炎克雷伯菌;同时临床医师需控制广谱抗菌药物的使用,以减缓耐药现象。 展开更多
关键词 肺炎克雷伯菌 临床分布 耐药性 抗菌药物 多重耐药菌 耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌
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Aerosolized Amikacin as Adjunctive Therapy of Ventilator-associated Pneumonia Caused by Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative Bacteria: A Single-center Randomized Controlled Trial 被引量:21
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作者 Chang Liu Yu-Ting Zhang +4 位作者 Zhi-Yong Peng Qing Zhou Bo Hu Hui Zhou Jian-Guo Li 《Chinese Medical Journal》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2017年第10期1196-1201,共6页
Background: Aerosolized amikacin (AA) is a current option for the management of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB), as it is reported that AA co... Background: Aerosolized amikacin (AA) is a current option for the management of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB), as it is reported that AA could increase the alveolar level of the drug without increasing systemic toxicity. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of AA as an adjunctive therapy for VAP caused by MDR-GNB. Methods: In this single-center, double-blind study conducted in a 36-bed general Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in a tertiary hospital from June 2014 to June 2016, 52 ICU patients with confirmed MDR-GNB VAP were randomized to two groups (AA group, n - 27 and placebo group, n = 25). Amikacin (400 rag, q8h) or saline placebo (4 ml, q8h) was aerosolized for 7 days. The attending physician determined the administration of systemic antibiotics for VAP. Patients were tbllowed up for 28 days. Bacteriological eradication, clinical pulmonary infection score (CP1S), and serum creatinine were assessed on day 7 of therapy. New resistance to amikacin, cure rate of VAP, weaning rate, and mortality were assessed on day 28. Results: The baseline characteristics of patients in both groups were similar. At the end of the treatment, 13 of the 32 initially detected bacterial isolates were eradicated in AA group, compared to 4 of 28 in placebo group (41% vs. 14%, P - 0.024). As for patients, 11 of 27 patients treated with AA and 4 of 25 patients treated with placebo have eradication (41% vs. 16%, P = 0.049). The adjunction of AA reduced CPIS (4.2 ± 1.6 vs. 5.8 ± 2.1, P = 0.007). New drug resistance to amikacin and the change in serum creatinine were not detected in AA group. No significant differences in the clinical cure rate in survivors (48% vs. 35%, P = 0.444), weaning rate (48% vs. 32%, P = 0.236), and mortality (22% vs. 32%, P = 0.427) were detected between the two groups on day 28. Conclusions: As an adjunctive therapy of MDR-GNB VAP, AA successfully eradicated existing MDR organisms without inducing new resistance to amikacin or change in serum creatinine. However, the improvement of mortality was not found. 展开更多
关键词 Aerosol Drug Therapy AMIKACIN gram-negative bacteria Multidrug resistance Pnet monia Ventilator-associated
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Antibacterial and Antibiotic-Potentiation Activities of Some Cameroonian Food Plants against Multi-Drug Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria 被引量:7
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作者 Simplice B.Tankeo Stephen T.Lacmata +3 位作者 Jaures A.K.Noumedem Jean P.Dzoyem Jules R Kuiate Victor Kuete 《Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine》 SCIE CAS 2014年第7期546-554,共9页
Objective: To evaluate the in vitro antibacterial properties and the ability to potentiate some common antibiotics effects of the methanol extracts of 11 Cameroonian food plants on 29 Gram-negative bacteria expressin... Objective: To evaluate the in vitro antibacterial properties and the ability to potentiate some common antibiotics effects of the methanol extracts of 11 Cameroonian food plants on 29 Gram-negative bacteria expressing multidrug resistant (MDR) phenotypes. Methods: The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was performed using the broth microdilution method. The phytochemical screening of these extracts was also performed using standard methods. Resalts: Ocimum basilicum, Gnetum africanum and Eucalyptus robusta extracts possessed an antibacterial activity against all the 29 studied bacteria. The extracts from G. africanum and E. robusta were the most active with the lowest minimal inhibitory concentration of 64 p, g/mL on Escherichia coil AG100A for both extracts and also against Klebsiella pneumoniae K24 for G. africanum. When tested in the presence of phenylalanine-arginine 13 -Naphtylamide (PA 13 N), an efflux pump inhibitor, the extract of Thymus vulgafis and E. Robusta showed the best activities on most tested strains. E. Robusta extract showed good synergistic effects, improving the activity of commonly used antibiotics in about 85% of cases. Coaclasion: The overall results obtained provide the baseline information for the use of the tested plants in the treatment of bacterial infections. 展开更多
关键词 food plants Cameroon multidrug resistant gram-negative bacteria efflux pumps
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耐碳青霉烯类铜绿假单胞菌毒力基因的表达与耐药性研究
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作者 刘康 王万俊 +3 位作者 王亚平 吴珍珍 刘莉莉 李小月 《检验医学与临床》 CAS 2024年第15期2193-2197,共5页
目的探讨临床检测的耐碳青霉烯类铜绿假单胞菌中Ⅲ型分泌系统(T3SS)4种毒力基因(exoT、exoY、exoS、exoU)的表达情况及其对抗菌药物的耐药性。方法收集安徽医科大学附属安庆第一人民医院2022-2023年临床检测的各种来源的耐碳青霉烯类铜... 目的探讨临床检测的耐碳青霉烯类铜绿假单胞菌中Ⅲ型分泌系统(T3SS)4种毒力基因(exoT、exoY、exoS、exoU)的表达情况及其对抗菌药物的耐药性。方法收集安徽医科大学附属安庆第一人民医院2022-2023年临床检测的各种来源的耐碳青霉烯类铜绿假单胞菌87株,采用Vitek2-Compact仪器对菌株进行鉴定,并且进行药敏试验,采用聚合酶链反应对T3SS的4种毒力基因(exoT、exoY、exoS、exoU)进行检测,比较不同毒力基因型组合与抗菌药物耐药性之间的关系。结果87株耐碳青霉烯类铜绿假单胞菌表达exoT与exoY基因的阳性率均为100.00%(87/87),exoS基因阳性率为77.01%(67/87),exoU基因阳性率为27.59%(24/87)。共检出4种类型的T3SS毒力基因型组合,以exoT+/exoY+/exoS+/exoU-基因型组合为主,阳性率为71.26%(62/87),其次是exoT+/exoY+/exoS-/exoU+基因型组合,阳性率为21.84%(19/87)。药敏试验结果显示,exoT+/exoY+/exoS-/exoU+基因型组合对大部分常见抗菌药物,如阿米卡星、妥布霉素、头孢吡肟、头孢他啶、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、环丙沙星、哌拉西林的耐药率均明显高于exoT+/exoY+/exoS+/exoU-基因型组合,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论该院检出的耐碳青霉烯类铜绿假单胞菌携带表达的T3SS毒力基因主要以exoT+/exoY+/exoS+/exoU-基因型组合为主,不同毒力基因型组合的耐碳青霉烯类铜绿假单胞菌对常见抗菌药物的耐药性存在差异。 展开更多
关键词 耐碳青霉烯类铜绿假单胞菌 Ⅲ型分泌系统 毒力基因 细菌耐药性 抗菌药物
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多黏菌素B治疗耐碳青霉烯类革兰阴性菌感染患者的全因死亡危险因素分析
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作者 应票票 朱业飞 +1 位作者 袁肖箫 叶建中 《中国抗生素杂志》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第9期1063-1067,共5页
目的回顾性分析多黏菌素B治疗耐碳青霉烯类革兰阴性菌感染患者的临床特征和全因死亡的危险因素。方法收集2017年6月1日—2020年5月1日温州医科大学附属第一医院和浙江省台州医院两家医院住院期间在肺部或血流感染耐碳青霉烯类革兰阴性菌... 目的回顾性分析多黏菌素B治疗耐碳青霉烯类革兰阴性菌感染患者的临床特征和全因死亡的危险因素。方法收集2017年6月1日—2020年5月1日温州医科大学附属第一医院和浙江省台州医院两家医院住院期间在肺部或血流感染耐碳青霉烯类革兰阴性菌(CR-GNB)且接受多黏菌素B治疗至少48 h的患者的相关临床资料,通过SPSS 25.0软件比较生存组和死亡组的临床特征差异,并用多因素Logistic回归分析这些患者住院全因死亡的危险因素。结果共80例患者纳入研究,基于logistic回归分析,这些患者住院死亡的相关危险因素包括:多黏菌素B用药疗程<7 d[OR=6.03,95%CI(1.28,28.41),P=0.023],从感染到使用多黏菌素B的时间越长[OR=1.08,95%CI(1.00,1.16),P=0.047]、Charlson共病指数[OR=1.41,95%CI(1.09,1.81),P=0.009]和血管活性药物的使用[OR=3.60,95%CI(1.01,28.41),P=0.047]。结论足疗程和早期给予多黏菌素B治疗可降低CR-GNB感染患者的死亡率。 展开更多
关键词 多黏菌素B 耐碳青霉烯类革兰阴性菌 全因死亡 危险因素
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113例患者注射用硫酸黏菌素应用合理性分析
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作者 刘培延 杨小红 李园园 《中国医院用药评价与分析》 2024年第3期357-361,共5页
目的:探讨该院注射用硫酸黏菌素临床应用的合理性,为促进该药的临床合理应用提供参考。方法:回顾性收集2020年12月至2023年3月该院使用注射用硫酸黏菌素治疗的患者的基本信息、感染部位、病原学检查结果、用法与用量、联合用药和疗程等... 目的:探讨该院注射用硫酸黏菌素临床应用的合理性,为促进该药的临床合理应用提供参考。方法:回顾性收集2020年12月至2023年3月该院使用注射用硫酸黏菌素治疗的患者的基本信息、感染部位、病原学检查结果、用法与用量、联合用药和疗程等,参考药品说明书、指南、共识及相关文献,对注射用硫酸黏菌素临床应用的合理性进行分析。结果:共纳入113例使用注射用硫酸黏菌素的患者,其中24例患者(占21.2%)无用药指征。15例患者(占13.3%)使用负荷剂量;绝大部分患者(101例,占89.4%)静脉滴注采用了最低日剂量100万U;43例患者(占38.1%)联合雾化吸入给药,其中1例患者(0.9%)雾化吸入剂量过低。27例患者(占23.9%)使用单药治疗,4例患者(占3.5%)联合用药不符合指南或共识推荐。19例患者(占16.8%)存在疗程过短,8例患者(占7.1%)存在疗程过长。该院注射用硫酸黏菌素临床应用过程中存在用药指征把握不严、雾化吸入给药剂量过小、未联合用药及用药疗程不当等问题。结论:注射用硫酸黏菌素在该院的应用有待进一步规范,迫切需要对其药动学/药效学及临床应用等进行高质量的深入研究,以优化其用法与用量,提高用药合理性及治疗效果。 展开更多
关键词 注射用硫酸黏菌素 耐碳青霉烯类革兰阴性菌 合理性分析
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碳青霉烯耐药革兰阴性杆菌致严重颅内感染治疗的临床研究 被引量:2
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作者 李庆岗 程岗 +3 位作者 孙君昭 张剑宁 刘如恩 李小勇 《中国微侵袭神经外科杂志》 CAS 2024年第2期75-80,共6页
目的探讨神经外科术后颅内继发碳青霉烯耐药革兰阴性杆菌(carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli,CRGNB)感染的病原体耐药状况、治疗方法和预后情况。方法回顾性分析54例确诊的CRGNB感染病例资料,通过静脉滴注多黏菌素、替加环素... 目的探讨神经外科术后颅内继发碳青霉烯耐药革兰阴性杆菌(carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli,CRGNB)感染的病原体耐药状况、治疗方法和预后情况。方法回顾性分析54例确诊的CRGNB感染病例资料,通过静脉滴注多黏菌素、替加环素和脑室内注射多黏菌素,并持续脑脊液引流治疗,总结并分析临床疗效。结果严重颅内感染病人54例,其中颅内感染合并脑积水44例(81.48%)占比最高。感染细菌中鲍曼不动杆菌感染29例(53.70%),肺炎克雷伯菌感染22例(40.74%),铜绿假单胞菌感染2例(3.70%),阴沟肠杆菌1例(1.85%)。经治疗后感染好转17例(31.48%),感染控制27例(50.00%),总有效率为81.48%。鲍曼不动杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌为占比最高的两种感染菌,病人在感染转归方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论CRGNB感染病人病情较重,细菌为多重耐药菌,以鲍曼不动杆菌和肺炎克雷伯菌感染多见,并发症多,治疗难度大,应尽早、积极选择静脉与脑室联合用药,并行有效的脑脊液引流治疗,尽快控制细菌感染,改善病人预后和提高生存率。 展开更多
关键词 碳青霉烯类耐药 革兰阴性杆菌 颅内感染 严重 转归
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2022年广西某医院临床主要分离菌的分布特点及肺炎克雷伯菌耐药情况分析
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作者 周小潇 韦露云 +1 位作者 吴友胜 陈伟平 《广西医学》 CAS 2024年第2期292-296,共5页
目的探讨2022年广西某医院临床主要分离菌的分布特点及肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药情况。方法收集2022年1—12月广西某医院住院患者的血液、痰液、尿液、分泌物等临床标本,在对其进行病原菌分离培养后开展细菌鉴定和药敏试验,分析主要分离菌的... 目的探讨2022年广西某医院临床主要分离菌的分布特点及肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药情况。方法收集2022年1—12月广西某医院住院患者的血液、痰液、尿液、分泌物等临床标本,在对其进行病原菌分离培养后开展细菌鉴定和药敏试验,分析主要分离菌的临床分布特点及肺炎克雷伯菌耐药情况。结果共分离出细菌4349株,标本来源以清洁中段尿、痰液、伤口标本、全血、肺泡灌洗液等为主,分离菌占比较高的科室为重症医学科、呼吸与危重症医学科、移植医学中心、泌尿外科、内分泌科等。其中,革兰氏阴性菌占比为71.76%(3121/4349),分离率位居前5的依次为大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍曼不动杆菌(复合群)、嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌;革兰氏阳性菌占比为28.24%(1228/4349),分离率位居前5的依次为金黄色葡萄球菌(复合群)、屎肠球菌、粪肠球菌、溶血葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌。肺炎克雷伯菌对呋喃妥因、四环素、头孢唑啉等的耐药率较高,对替加环素、头孢他啶/阿维巴坦、多黏菌素耐药率较低。共检出91株耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌,主要来自康复医学科、重症医学科、移植医学中心、呼吸与危重症医学科等科室。结论肺炎克雷伯菌在临床上较为常见,其耐药形势较为严峻。临床上应加强肺炎克雷伯菌特别是耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌的监测,并合理使用抗菌药物,制订有针对性的预防控制措施,以避免因为耐药造成的疗效减弱。 展开更多
关键词 临床分离菌 肺炎克雷伯菌 耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌 分布特点 耐药性 广西
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综合医院耐碳青霉烯类肠杆菌的分布特点及耐药性分析
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作者 田昕 吴悦 +1 位作者 孙姝晗 王中新 《中国现代医生》 2024年第20期108-112,共5页
目的通过分析耐碳青霉烯类肠杆菌科细菌(carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae,CRE)感染的流行模式和耐药性,旨在为大型综合医院的感染防控和临床管理提供依据和建议。方法采用回顾性方法选取笔者医院2019年至2022年住院患者分离出... 目的通过分析耐碳青霉烯类肠杆菌科细菌(carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae,CRE)感染的流行模式和耐药性,旨在为大型综合医院的感染防控和临床管理提供依据和建议。方法采用回顾性方法选取笔者医院2019年至2022年住院患者分离出的609株CRE菌株,分析其标本来源、病原菌分布、科室分布及耐药性等。结果4年共检出肠杆菌6656株,CRE为609株,其中以肺炎克雷伯为主(354株,58.13%),其次为阴沟肠杆菌(82株,13.46%)和大肠埃希菌(77株,12.65%),检出CRE最多的科室为重症监护室(44.50%),其次为烧伤修复科(13.79%)、心脏大血管外科(8.87%)和肿瘤科(6.4%),标本来源依次为痰液(46.96%)、分泌物(15.60%)、尿液(13.30%)、血液(8.7%)。药敏结果显示,CRE菌株除对替加环素、多黏菌素和米诺环素等敏感(1.31%、0.56%和7.22%),对阿米卡星、磷霉素以及复方新诺明等耐药率较低(23.65%、35.14%、35.96%),对其余临床常用抗菌药物耐药率均>50%。结论2019至2022年CRE检出率总体上呈现上升趋势,对临床常用抗生素大多表现为多重耐药,应注意加强对抗菌药物的合理使用,加大对细菌耐药监管力度,遏制CRE的广泛传播。 展开更多
关键词 耐碳青霉烯类肠杆菌科细菌 药敏试验 抗菌药物 耐药性
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