The wear resistances of austempered ductile iron （ADI） were improved through intxoduction of a new phase （carbide） into the ma- txix by addition of chromium. In the present investigation, low-caxbon-equivalent duc...The wear resistances of austempered ductile iron （ADI） were improved through intxoduction of a new phase （carbide） into the ma- txix by addition of chromium. In the present investigation, low-caxbon-equivalent ductile iron （LCEDI） （CE = 3.06%, and CE represents cax- bon-equivalent） with 2.42% chromium was selected. LCEDI was austeintized at two difl＇erent temperatures （900 and 975~C） a^ld soaked for 1 h and then quenched in a salt bath at 325~C for 0 to 10 h. Samples were analyzed using optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Wear tests were carded out on a pin-on-disk-type machine. The efl＇ect of austenization temperature on the wear resistance, impact strength, and the mi- crostructure was evaluated. A stxucture-property correlation based on the observations is established.展开更多
Carbide formation in austempered ductile iron (ADI) alloyed with Ni and Cu has been studied by use of TEM. The results show that η carbide precipitates in the bainitic ferrite when austempered at 350℃.for 6h, but no...Carbide formation in austempered ductile iron (ADI) alloyed with Ni and Cu has been studied by use of TEM. The results show that η carbide precipitates in the bainitic ferrite when austempered at 350℃.for 6h, but no carbide was found at the austenite/.ferrite interfaces. When austempered at 300℃, two kinds of. s carbides appear in the bainitic ferrite when austempering time reached I h, and X carbide also precipitates at the austenite /ferrite interfaces when austempering time was extended up to 6h. The bainitic. ferrite and the retained austenite follow the Nishiyama- Wasserman relationship,展开更多
Up to one million metric tonnes of coal are crushed each year.The crushed coal continually flows through a pipe delivery system at a rate of up to 60 tonnes per hour.In a nitrogen rich environment,the delivery system ...Up to one million metric tonnes of coal are crushed each year.The crushed coal continually flows through a pipe delivery system at a rate of up to 60 tonnes per hour.In a nitrogen rich environment,the delivery system is constantly under pressure of nearly 9 bar.Filters are used in each pipe delivery system to prevent incorrectly sized material and'foreign materials'from entering the blast furnace.Any incorrect material is held up long enough to be broken-down before becoming small enough to pass through the filter.In the past,foreign materials simply blocked the system.The aforementioned environment creates materials'applications issues.This paper describes how ADI is used to meet these challenging demands in a crushed coal delivery and filtering system.The work described in this paper has resulted in a number of new applications using ADI and CADI materials which are now operating in'waste to energy incineration'plants,aluminum production plants,iron sinter and iron slag processing application,such as rotary crusher,cage crusher,curved door,etc.展开更多
文摘The wear resistances of austempered ductile iron （ADI） were improved through intxoduction of a new phase （carbide） into the ma- txix by addition of chromium. In the present investigation, low-caxbon-equivalent ductile iron （LCEDI） （CE = 3.06%, and CE represents cax- bon-equivalent） with 2.42% chromium was selected. LCEDI was austeintized at two difl＇erent temperatures （900 and 975~C） a^ld soaked for 1 h and then quenched in a salt bath at 325~C for 0 to 10 h. Samples were analyzed using optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Wear tests were carded out on a pin-on-disk-type machine. The efl＇ect of austenization temperature on the wear resistance, impact strength, and the mi- crostructure was evaluated. A stxucture-property correlation based on the observations is established.
文摘Carbide formation in austempered ductile iron (ADI) alloyed with Ni and Cu has been studied by use of TEM. The results show that η carbide precipitates in the bainitic ferrite when austempered at 350℃.for 6h, but no carbide was found at the austenite/.ferrite interfaces. When austempered at 300℃, two kinds of. s carbides appear in the bainitic ferrite when austempering time reached I h, and X carbide also precipitates at the austenite /ferrite interfaces when austempering time was extended up to 6h. The bainitic. ferrite and the retained austenite follow the Nishiyama- Wasserman relationship,
文摘Up to one million metric tonnes of coal are crushed each year.The crushed coal continually flows through a pipe delivery system at a rate of up to 60 tonnes per hour.In a nitrogen rich environment,the delivery system is constantly under pressure of nearly 9 bar.Filters are used in each pipe delivery system to prevent incorrectly sized material and'foreign materials'from entering the blast furnace.Any incorrect material is held up long enough to be broken-down before becoming small enough to pass through the filter.In the past,foreign materials simply blocked the system.The aforementioned environment creates materials'applications issues.This paper describes how ADI is used to meet these challenging demands in a crushed coal delivery and filtering system.The work described in this paper has resulted in a number of new applications using ADI and CADI materials which are now operating in'waste to energy incineration'plants,aluminum production plants,iron sinter and iron slag processing application,such as rotary crusher,cage crusher,curved door,etc.
