Ti（ C, N） was synthesized with the starting materials of 76. 9% titania white and 23. 1% carbon black （graphite or activated carbon ）, or 40% titania white and 60% amylum, with or without 10% NaBr - KCl, dry mould...Ti（ C, N） was synthesized with the starting materials of 76. 9% titania white and 23. 1% carbon black （graphite or activated carbon ）, or 40% titania white and 60% amylum, with or without 10% NaBr - KCl, dry moulding and carbon embedded firing at i 300 ℃ and 1 400 ℃ for 3 h, respectively. Phase composition and microstructure of the synthesized Ti （C, N） were analyzed by XRD, SEM and EPMA. Effects of different carbon sources and NaBr-KCl on the synthesis of Ti（ C, N） were investigated. The results show that： （1） Ti （C, N） can be synthesized by using carbon black, graphite, activated carbon or amylum as carbon source separately; （2） Additive NaBr - KCl is more favorable for accelerating the carbothermal reduction reaction using carbon black or amylum as carbon source; （3） In the presence of NaBr - KCl, particle size of the synthesized Ti（ C, N） is 5 -8μm using carbon black as carbon source fired at 1 300 ℃ for 3 h, while that is only 1 - 3 μm using graphite, activated carbon or amylum fired at 1 400 ℃ for 3 h.展开更多
The process of the co-cementation layers of low temperature powder multicomponent thermochemical treatment with B-C-N-RE and the structure and properties were studied and compared with those of conventional boro-carbo...The process of the co-cementation layers of low temperature powder multicomponent thermochemical treatment with B-C-N-RE and the structure and properties were studied and compared with those of conventional boro-carbo-nitriding (B-C-N) by X-ray diffractometer, potentiostat and wear machine. The results show that rare earth elements have significant catalytic effect within proper limits. Both wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the B-C-N-RE co-cementation layer are greatly increased in comparison with those of the B-C-N. The function mechanism of rare earth elements is also discussed.展开更多
Background: Females can differentially deposit the immune factor lysozyme into eggs based on conditions of local breeding density and laying order.Materials: We collected 80 eggs from Great Cormorants(Phalacrocorax ca...Background: Females can differentially deposit the immune factor lysozyme into eggs based on conditions of local breeding density and laying order.Materials: We collected 80 eggs from Great Cormorants(Phalacrocorax carbo) and then analyzed whether the level of lysozymes in the eggs is related to breeding density and laying order.Results: Between clutches,the level of lysozyme in eggs is positively related to breeding density; while within a clutch,the level of lysozyme is positively related to the laying order.Conclusion: When parents breed under conditions of high density,they allocate more lysozymes to their offspring,a trait adaptive to the local environment.That the increase in the level of lysozymes is a function of the laying order seems a necessary condition to mitigate the hierarchy among siblings for improving the survival of the entire clutch.展开更多
采用X射线衍射仪 ,恒电位仪 ,摩擦磨损试验机等设备 ,研究了低温硼碳氮稀土 (B C N RE)共渗工艺及共渗层的组织性能 ,并与硼碳氮 (B C N)共渗工艺及组织性能进行了比较。在适当范围内 ,稀土具有明显的催渗作用 ;与B C N共渗相比 ,B C N...采用X射线衍射仪 ,恒电位仪 ,摩擦磨损试验机等设备 ,研究了低温硼碳氮稀土 (B C N RE)共渗工艺及共渗层的组织性能 ,并与硼碳氮 (B C N)共渗工艺及组织性能进行了比较。在适当范围内 ,稀土具有明显的催渗作用 ;与B C N共渗相比 ,B C N RE共渗层的耐磨性和耐蚀性明显提高。对稀土元素的作用机制作了初步的探讨。展开更多
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province （2007ABA372） and the New Century Excellent Talents in University （NCET- 06-0676）.
文摘Ti（ C, N） was synthesized with the starting materials of 76. 9% titania white and 23. 1% carbon black （graphite or activated carbon ）, or 40% titania white and 60% amylum, with or without 10% NaBr - KCl, dry moulding and carbon embedded firing at i 300 ℃ and 1 400 ℃ for 3 h, respectively. Phase composition and microstructure of the synthesized Ti （C, N） were analyzed by XRD, SEM and EPMA. Effects of different carbon sources and NaBr-KCl on the synthesis of Ti（ C, N） were investigated. The results show that： （1） Ti （C, N） can be synthesized by using carbon black, graphite, activated carbon or amylum as carbon source separately; （2） Additive NaBr - KCl is more favorable for accelerating the carbothermal reduction reaction using carbon black or amylum as carbon source; （3） In the presence of NaBr - KCl, particle size of the synthesized Ti（ C, N） is 5 -8μm using carbon black as carbon source fired at 1 300 ℃ for 3 h, while that is only 1 - 3 μm using graphite, activated carbon or amylum fired at 1 400 ℃ for 3 h.
文摘The process of the co-cementation layers of low temperature powder multicomponent thermochemical treatment with B-C-N-RE and the structure and properties were studied and compared with those of conventional boro-carbo-nitriding (B-C-N) by X-ray diffractometer, potentiostat and wear machine. The results show that rare earth elements have significant catalytic effect within proper limits. Both wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the B-C-N-RE co-cementation layer are greatly increased in comparison with those of the B-C-N. The function mechanism of rare earth elements is also discussed.
基金financially supported by the State Forestry Administration Program (Grant Nos. Y31I351B01)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. Y011331501)+1 种基金the National Science & Technology Pillar Program (Grant Nos. 2008BADB0B0303)National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2010CB530301)
文摘Background: Females can differentially deposit the immune factor lysozyme into eggs based on conditions of local breeding density and laying order.Materials: We collected 80 eggs from Great Cormorants(Phalacrocorax carbo) and then analyzed whether the level of lysozymes in the eggs is related to breeding density and laying order.Results: Between clutches,the level of lysozyme in eggs is positively related to breeding density; while within a clutch,the level of lysozyme is positively related to the laying order.Conclusion: When parents breed under conditions of high density,they allocate more lysozymes to their offspring,a trait adaptive to the local environment.That the increase in the level of lysozymes is a function of the laying order seems a necessary condition to mitigate the hierarchy among siblings for improving the survival of the entire clutch.
文摘采用X射线衍射仪 ,恒电位仪 ,摩擦磨损试验机等设备 ,研究了低温硼碳氮稀土 (B C N RE)共渗工艺及共渗层的组织性能 ,并与硼碳氮 (B C N)共渗工艺及组织性能进行了比较。在适当范围内 ,稀土具有明显的催渗作用 ;与B C N共渗相比 ,B C N RE共渗层的耐磨性和耐蚀性明显提高。对稀土元素的作用机制作了初步的探讨。
