Determination of Water Diffusion Coefficients and Dynamics in Adhesive/Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Resin Composite Joints

To determinate the water diffusion coefficients and dynamics in adhesive/carben fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite joints, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis（EDX） is used to establish the content change of oxy- gen in the adhesive in adhesive/carbon fther reinforced epoxy resin composite joints. As water is made up of oxygen and hydrogen, the water diffusion coefficients and dynamics in adhesive/carben fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite joints can be obtained from the change in the content of oxygen in the adhesive during humidity aging, via EDX analy-sis. The authors have calculated the water diffusion coefficients and dynamics in the adhesive/carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite joints with the aid of beth energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The de- termined results with EDX analysis are almost the same as those determined with elemental analysis and the results al- so show that the durability of the adhesive/carbon fther reinforced epoxy resin composite joints subjected to silane cou- pling agent treatment is better than those subjected to sand paper burnishing treatment and chemical oxidation treat- ment.

Toughness and Fracture Mechanism of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites

The fracture toughness of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composite(CFRP)was investigated through mode I and mode II shaped fracture system in this paper.A novel polyimide with trifluoromethyl groups and grafted nanosilica were used to modify epoxy resin.Effect of modified resin and unmodified resin on fracture toughness of CFRP was compared and discussed.Lay-up angles and thicknesses effects on fracture toughness of composites were also investigated.The fracture toughness of CFRP was obtained through double cantilever beam(DCB)and end notched flexure(ENF)tests.The results showed that the composites prepared by modified resin exhibited high fracture toughness compared with unmodified composites.The fracture toughness value of mode I increased from 1.83 kJ/m2 to 4.55 kJ/m2.The fracture toughness value of mode II increased from 2.30 kJ/m2 to 6.47 kJ/m2.

Enhancing the Mechanical Strength for a Microwave Absorption Composite Based on Graphene Nanoplatelet/Epoxy with Carbon Fibers

Microwave absorption (MWA) materials such as graphene nanoplatelet (GNP)/epoxy are mostly used as coatings on existing structures without considering mechanical properties. In this work, we aim to enhance the mechanical strength of the composite for multifunctional potentials. We used carbon fiber (four layers) to reinforce GNP/epoxy composite (2 mm thick) and investigated their multifunctional properties with GNP loading from 3 to 7 wt%. We measured the tensile strength, hardness, and MW absorption (26.5 - 40 GHz) of composite samples. Our results showed an increase in tensile strength to 109.1 ± 7.9 MPa with 7 wt% GNP in the composite from 15.3 MPa for pure epoxy. The hardness of the composites was also substantially enhanced with GNP loading up to 7 wt%. A MW absorption ratio of 72% was attained for the sample with 7 wt% GNP loading near 40 GHz. The homogenous dispersion of GNPs in the matrix reduces the stress concentration and minimizes the influence of the defects. The high MW absorption and large transmission loss together with enhanced mechanical strength provides a novel multifunctional material for potential applications.

Surface Characteristics of Rare Earth Treated Carbon Fibers and Interfacial Properties of Composites

Effect of rare earth treatment on surface physicochemical properties of carbon fibers and interfacial properties of carbon fiber/epoxy composites was investigated, and the interfacial adhesion mechanism of treated carbon fiber/epoxy composite was analyzed. It was found that rare earth treatment led to an increase of fiber surface roughness, improvement of oxygeaa-containing groups, and introduction of rare earth element on the carbon fiber surface. As a result, coordination linkages between fibers and rare earth, and between rare earth and resin matrix were formed separately, thereby the interlaminar shear strength （ILSS） of composites increased, which indicated the improvement of the interfacial adhesion between fibers and matrix resin resulting from the increase of carboxyl and carbonyl.

Recyclable High-performance Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites Based on Dithioacetal Covalent Adaptive Network

Recycling of carbon fiber reinforced composites is important for sustainable development and the circular economy.Despite the use of dynamic chemistry,developing high-strength recyclable CFRPs remains a major challenge due to the mutual exclusivity between the dynamic and mechanical properties of materials.Here,we developed a high-strength recyclable epoxy resin(HREP)based on dynamic dithioacetal covalent adaptive network using diglycidyl ether bisphenol A(DGEBA),pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercapto-propionate)(PETMP),and vanillin epoxy resin(VEPR).At high temperatures,the exchange reaction of thermally activated dithioacetals accelerated the rearrangement of the network,giving it significant reprocessing ability.Moreover,HREP exhibited excellent solvent resistance due to the increased cross-linking density.Using this high-strength recyclable epoxy resin as the matrix and carbon fiber modified with hyperbranched ionic liquids(HBP-AMIM+PF6-)as the reinforcing agent,high performance CFRPs were successfully prepared.The tensile strength,interfacial shear strength(IFSS)and interlaminar shear strength(ILSS)of the optimized formulation(HREP20/CF-HBPPF6)were 1016.1,70.8 and 76.0 MPa,respectively.In addition,the CFRPs demonstrated excellent solvent and acid/alkali-resistance.The CFRPs could completely degrade within 24 h in DMSO at 140℃,and the recycled CF still maintained the same tensile strength and ILSS as the original after multiple degradation cycles.

Preparation and 3D printing of high-thermal-conductivity continuous mesophase-pitch-based carbon fiber/epoxy composites

To meet the requirements of spacecraft for the thermal conductivity of resins and solve the problem of low thermal conduction efficiency when 3D printing complex parts,we propose a new type of continuous mesophase-pitch-based carbon fiber/thermoplastic polyurethane/epoxy(CMPCF/TPU/epoxy)composite filament and its preparation process in this study.The composite filament is based on the high thermal conductivity of CMPCF,the high elasticity of TPU,and the high-temperature resistance of epoxy.The tensile strength and thermal conductivity of the CMPCF/TPU/epoxy composite filament were tested.The CMPCF/TPU/epoxy composites are formed by 3D printing technology,and the composite filament is laid according to the direction of heat conduction so that the printed part can meet the needs of directional heat conduction.The experimental results show that the thermal conductivity of the printed sample is 40.549 W/(m·K),which is 160 times that of pure epoxy resin(0.254 W/(m·K)).It is also approximately 13 times better than that of polyacrylonitrile carbon fiber/epoxy(PAN-CF/epoxy)composites.This study breaks through the technical bottleneck of poor printability of CMPCF.It provides a new method for achieving directional thermal conductivity printing,which is important for the development of complex high-performance thermal conductivity products.

碳纤维/UiO66-NH2环氧复合材料的制备及其性能研究

本文首先合成出锆基MOF材料UiO66-NH_(2),并设计得到PA功能化的MOF材料UiO66-NH_(2)-PA,再将其分散在环氧树脂基体中,制备了性能优异的碳纤维/UiO66-NH_(2)环氧复合材料.随后,通过FT-IR、SEM、XRD对UiO66-NH_(2)以及UiO66-NH_(2)-PA进行了表征,使用万能试验机对碳纤维/UiO66-NH_(2)环氧复合材料的力学性能进行了测试.结果表明,UiO66-NH_(2)-PA被成功制备,且改性后的碳纤维复合材料的抗弯曲和抗剪切强度分别提高了26.54%和29.09%.这是因为UiO66-NH_(2)-PA中氨基和磷基的作用增强了界面强度,既提高了碳纤维/UiO66-NH_(2)环氧复合材料的储能模量,又增强了复合材料的界面结合能力,从而实现了通过共同作用以提高碳纤维、环氧复合材料力学性能的目标.

Carbon Fibers Decorated by Polyelectrolyte Complexes toward Their Epoxy Resin Composites with High Fire Safety

The achievement of both robust fire-safety and mechanical properties is of vital requirement for carbon fiber （CF） composites. To this end, a facile interracial strategy for fabricating flame-retardant carbon fibers decorated by bio-based polyelectrolyte complexes （PEC） consisting of chitosan （CH） and ammonium polyphosphate （APP） was developed, and its corresponding fire-retarded epoxy resin composites （EP/（PEC@CF）） without any other additional flame retardants were prepared. The decorated CFs were characterized by SEM- EDX, XPS and XRD, indicating that the flame-retardant PEC coating was successfully constructed on the surface of CF. Thanks to the nitrogen- and phosphorous-containing PEC, the resulting composites exhibited excellent flame retardancy as the limiting oxygen index （LOI） increased from 31.0% of EP/CF to 40.5% and UL-94 V-0 rating was achieved with only 8.1 wt% PEC. EP/（PEC8.1@CF） also performed well in cone calorimetry with the decrease of peak-heat release rate （PHRR） and smoke production rate （SPR） by 50.0% and 30.4%, respectively, and the value of fire growth rate （FIGRA） was also reduced to 3.41 kW·m-2- s-1 from 4.84 kW· m-2· s-1, suggesting a considerably enhanced fire safety. Furthermore, SEM images of the burning residues revealed that the PEC coating exhibited the dominant flame-retardant activity in condensed phase via the formation of compact phosphorus-rich char. In addition, the impact strength of the composite was improved, together with no obvious deterioration of flexural properties and glass transition temperature. Taking advantage of the features, the PEC-decorated carbon fibers and the relevant composites fabricated by the cost-effective and facile strategy would bring more chances for widespread applications.

铁粉/碳纤维增强树脂复合材料的制备 及脆化损伤研究

将偶联剂改性纳米铁(Fe)粉与预处理后的碳纤维混合,浸润于环氧树脂基料中,经过搅拌混合制备纳米Fe粉/碳纤维增强树脂复合材料,研究了复合材料在高温老化、水浸老化环境下的脆化损伤行为。结果表明:树脂受到高温老化和水浸泡老化后会出现脆化损伤,碳纤维和纳米Fe粉加入会对该损伤有一定抑制;加入质量分数为4.0%的纳米Fe粉后,随着高温老化时间延长,碳纤维质量分数为3.0%的纳米Fe粉/碳纤维增强复合材料的拉伸强度、断裂韧性下降幅度较小,同时脆化损伤后树脂与纳米Fe粉、碳纤维仍结合紧密;碳纤维质量分数为3.0%、纳米Fe粉质量分数为4.0%的纳米Fe粉/碳纤维增强复合材料经水浸老化后,断裂韧性仍旧保持较高水平。

Tribological properties of short carbon fibers reinforced epoxy composites

Short carbon fiber(SCF)reinforced epoxy composites with different SCF contents were developed to investigate their tribological properties.The friction coefficient and wear of the epoxy composites slid in a circular path against a steel pin inclined at 45°to a vertical axis and a steel ball significantly decreased with increased SCF content due to the solid lubricating effect of SCFs along with the improved mechanical strength of the composites.The scanning electron microscope(SEM)observation showed that the epoxy composites had less sensitive to surface fatigue caused by the repeated sliding of the counterparts than the epoxy.The tribological results clearly showed that the incorporation of SCFs was an effective way to improve the tribological properties of the epoxy composites.

生物基可降解环氧树脂及其可回收碳纤维复合材料的研究进展

环氧树脂是目前应用最为广泛的热固性树脂之一,其固化后会形成不溶、不熔的高度交联的三维网络结构,从而导致树脂及其碳纤维复合材料的降解困难而且难以再加工,造成了严重的资源浪费与环境污染。采用可再生生物质原料制备生物基可降解环氧树脂及其碳纤维复合材料,在缓解能源危机、减轻环境污染和实现资源再利用上具有重要意义。综述了生物基可降解环氧树脂及其可回收碳纤维复合材料的研究进展,主要包括含有热或化学不稳定键的可降解环氧树脂的合成、性能、降解机理及其碳纤维的无损回收,并总结了其优缺点。

Investigation on forward and backward transfer process during carbon fiber/epoxy composites dry-sliding against iron alloy

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP)composites with high load-bearing capacity are currently ideal materials in tribological load systems.One of the unique features during the friction process of CFRP/metal is the in-situ formation of an ultrathin and uniform transfer film on the metal surface,and the related initial/transfer mechanism is very important but still unclear.Recent studies mainly focus on the one-way transfer process of CFRP to the metal surface,that is,forward transfer;whereas another easily overlooked issue is that the metal material also transfers backward to the CFRP surface.Herein,we firstly prepared carbon fiber/epoxy resin composites(CF/EP)by the hot-pressing method and then carried out friction tests with iron alloy as the control material.The underlying mechanism of the forward/backward transfer process is revealed by controlling the morphological evolution and iron content of the transfer film on worn CF/EP.According to the variation law of friction coefficient with time,the interfacial friction is divided into three different stages,among which the behaviours of“micro-convex contact”and“epoxy exfoliation”occur throughout the whole procedure.We believe this work could provide a meaningful reference for studying the friction behaviour and mechanism,especially the forward and backward transfer between composites/metals,and further broaden its emerging applications in future energy,aerospace and rail transportation.

CF/Epoxy复合材料的界面自组装

提出了一种新的炭纤维表面改性方法———分子自组装,即在表面金属化的炭纤维上进行有机分子的自组装。表面增强拉曼散射光谱(SERS)分析证实了含氮或含硫的芳杂环化合物化学吸附在银的表面,并形成了平躺取向的自组装膜结构。X射线光电子能谱(XPS)测试进一步证实了自组装膜通过S或N原子和Ag形成配位共价键吸附在炭纤维表面。表面经组装改性后的炭纤维和环氧复合后界面粘结强度得到了不同程度的提高,揭示了界面区域微观结构与性能的关系。

Ⅳ型储氢气瓶承载层CFRP基体优选与性能研究

以SW树脂及HY4006树脂为基体树脂,以12K T700碳纤维(HY-1、HY-2、HY-3)为纤维增强体,制备Ⅳ型储氢气瓶承载层用碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP),从固化特性、耐热性能、流变性能和树脂浇注体的力学性能等方面筛选适合的树脂基体,通过树脂对纤维的浸润性及CFRP的力学性能、微观形貌、孔隙率等筛选出最优的CFRP体系。结果表明:SW树脂的固化温度为109~142℃,固化速率快,固化时间短,黏度增长较慢,而且其浇注体力学性能好,比HY4006树脂更适合于Ⅳ型储氢气瓶的缠绕工艺;SW树脂对HY-2碳纤维的浸润性更好,起始接触角为80.06°,浸润时间仅2.5 s;由SW树脂与HY-2碳纤维制备的CFRP拉伸强度为2650 MPa,剪切强度为64.63 MPa,密度为1.67 g/cm 3,纤维体积分数为63.61%,该CFRP界面结合好,孔隙率低,力学性能优异,是Ⅳ型储氢气瓶缠绕层的理想材料。

芳基硫醇在CF/Epoxy复合材料界面上的自组装研究

提出了一种新的碳纤维表面改性方法——分子自组装,即在表面金属化的碳纤维上进行有机分子的自组装。表面增强拉曼散射光谱(SERS)分析证实了末端官能团不同的芳基硫醇化学吸附在银的表面,并形成了平躺取向和倾斜取向的自组装膜结构。X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)测试进一步证实了两种自组装膜通过S原子和Ag形成共价键吸附在碳纤维表面。表面经组装改性后的碳纤维和环氧复合后界面粘结强度得到了不同程度的提高,揭示了界面区域膜结构和性能的关系。

盐环境对含孔损伤碳纤维复合材料的性能影响

研究了含孔损伤T700碳纤维/环氧树脂基复合材料在不同浓度、时间和温度的盐溶液环境老化后的性能变化并分析其破坏机理。对其进行盐溶液水浸老化吸湿试验后,分析其质量变化、老化前后SEM微观形貌、玻璃化转变温度、红外光谱分析和开孔拉伸性能。结果表明,盐溶液的浓度对材料性能影响较小,而盐溶液老化的时间和温度对其影响明显,随温度和时间的增加吸湿速率越快,玻璃化转变温度下降幅度越大,试样形貌损伤破坏越严重,纤维与基体界面发生破坏,开孔拉伸强度明显下降。

一种生物基上浆剂的制备及应用

以可再生天然生物质厚朴酚、衣康酸为原料,通过简单、高效的两步法合成生物基环氧上浆剂,并对碳纤维复合材料的耐热性能、界面性能和力学性能进行研究。实验结果表明,生物基环氧上浆剂具有良好储存稳定性和热稳定性好,碳纤维复合材料的三点弯曲和层间剪切分别提高了33.2%和36.2%。

预浸料层间增韧粒子微结构缺陷控制对CFRP抗冲击性能的影响

本研究聚焦国产T800级碳纤维预浸料层间增韧设计,对比实验室自制热塑增韧粒子和市售热塑增韧粒子的层间微观形貌、粒子尺寸等,比较了两款性能不同粒子增韧层合板的力学性能。本文创新性提出层间粒子微结构缺陷定量化策略,并探讨了层间粒子微结构缺陷密度对CFRP抗冲击性能的影响机理。

建筑用碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料的制备及其性能研究

选择以T700碳纤维为增强相,将碳纤维经浓HNO 3浸渍处理0,40,80,120和160 min后掺入到环氧树脂中,制备了碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料。分析了浸渍时间对复合材料微观形貌、力学性能和热稳定性的影响。结果表明,经浓HNO 3浸渍的碳纤维表面粗糙度增大,沟槽数量和深度增加,碳纤维和环氧树脂的结合强度增大;随碳纤维浸渍时间的增大,复合材料的界面剪切强度、层间剪切强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量均先增大后减小,当浸渍时间为120 min时,复合材料的界面剪切强度和层间剪切强度均达到了最大值,分别为80.2和90.3 MPa,其弯曲强度和弯曲模量也达到了最大值,分别为902.6 MPa和79.3 GPa,且应力-应变最高点增大,弯曲性能提高;在800℃下浓HNO 3浸渍处理120 min的复合材料的残炭率最大为58.2%,热稳定性最佳。

多壁碳纳米管增强环氧胶粘剂的性能

为了充分发挥陶瓷材料抗压性能好和碳纤维材料高比刚、高比强、耐冲击性能好等优点,实现两者稳定、高效的连接,采用多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)对环氧胶粘剂进行增强改性,探讨了MWCNTs添加量以及胶层厚度对CFRP-陶瓷接头剪切强度和断裂模式的影响。3D轮廓仪、旋转流变仪、综合热分析仪及胶接接头力学性能测试结果表明:MWCNTs提高了CFRP-陶瓷接头的剪切强度,当MWCNTs质量分数为1.00%、胶层厚度为0.5 mm时,接头剪切强度达到最大值20.01 MPa,提高了19.96%;同时,不同胶层厚度的CFRP-陶瓷接头经历不同的失效阶段,胶层厚度为0.5 mm,表现在搭接区端部胶层开裂,胶层厚度超过1.0 mm,表现在搭接区端部胶层开裂逐渐向胶层内部断裂过渡;在此最优含量下,改性后环氧胶粘剂固化反应速率最大、热分解温度最高、热稳定性最佳,热分解残余剩余率提高了9.57%,但是,纳米颗粒的增强效果与其团聚性能相关,随着纳米颗粒含量增加,改性效果反而降低。