Comparison Between Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma and Ozone Regenerations of Activated Carbon Exhausted with Pentachlorophenol

In this study, two regeneration methods （dielectric barrier discharge （DBD） plasma and ozone （03） regeneration） of saturated granular activated carbon （GAC） with pentachlorophe- nol （PCP） were compared. The results show that the two regeneration methods can eliminate contaminants from GAC and recover its adsorption properties to some extent. Comparing the DBD plasma with 03 regeneration, the adsorption rate and the capacity of the GAC samples after DBD plasma regeneration are greater than those after 03 regeneration. 03 regeneration decreases the specific surface area of GAC and increases the acidic surface oxygen groups on the surface of GAC, which causes a decrease in PCP on GAC uptake. With increasing regeneration cy- cles, the regeneration efficiencies of the two methods decrease, but the decrease in the regeneration efficiencies of GAC after 03 regeneration is very obvious compared with that after DBD plasma regeneration. Furthermore, the equilibrium data were fitted by the Freundlich and Langmuir models using the non-linear regression technique, and all the adsorption equilibrium isotherms fit the Langmuir model fairly well, which demonstrates that the DBD plasma and ozone regeneration processes do not appear to modify the adsorption process, but to shift the equilibrium towards lower adsorption concentrations. Analyses of the weight loss of GAC show that 03 regeneration has a lower weight loss than DBD plasma regeneration.

Effects of heat treatment on the corrosion resistance of carbon steel coated with LaMgAl_(11)O_(19) thermal barrier coatings

LaMgAl11O19thermal barrier coatings（TBCs） were applied to carbon steels with a NiCoCrAlY bond coat by plasma spraying. The effects of heat treatment on the corrosion resistance of carbon steel coated with LaMgAl11O19TBCs were investigated in 3.5wt% Na Cl solution using polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy（EIS）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, and X-ray diffraction（XRD）. The results show that a large number of cracks are found in the LaMgAl11O19TBCs after the samples are heat-treated, including some through-thickness cracks. The corrosion forms of the as-sprayed and heat-treated TBCs are uniform corrosion and pitting corrosion, respectively. The as-sprayed TBCs exhibit three EIS time constants after being immersed for less than 7 d, and then a new time constant appears because of steel substrate corrosion. When the immersion time is increased to 56 d, a Warburg impedance（W） component appears in the EIS data. The EIS data for the heat-treated TBCs exhibit only two time constants after the samples are immersed for less than 14 d, and a new time constant appears when the immersion time is increased further. The heat treatment reduces the corrosion resistance of carbon steel coated with LaMgAl11O19TBCs. The corrosion products are primarily γ-Fe OOH and Fe3O4.

Effects of Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Treatment on Pentachlorophenol Removal of Granular Activated Carbon

The pentachlorophenol （PCP） adsorbed granular activated carbon （GAC） was treated by dielectric barrier discharge （DBD） plasma. The effects of DBD plasma on the structure of GAC and PCP decomposition were analyzed by N2 adsorption, thermogravimetric, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） and gas chromatographymass spectrometry （GC-MS）. The experimental data of adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics of PCP on GAC were fitted with different kinetics and isotherm models, respectively. The results indicate that the types of N2 adsorption isotherm of GAC are not changed by DBD plasma, while the specific surface area and pore volume increase after DBD plasma treatment. It is found that the weight loss of the saturated GAC is the highest, on the contrary, the weight loss of DBD treated GAC is the least because of reduced PCP residue on the GAC. The XPS spectra and SEM image suggest that some PCP on the GAC is removed by DBD plasma, and the surface of GAC treated by DBD plasma presents irregular and heterogeneous morphology. The GC-MS identification of by-products shows that two main dechlorination intermediate products, tetrachlorophenol and trichlorophenol, are distinguished. The fitting results of experimental data of adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics indicate that the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second order models can be used for the prediction of the kinetics of virgin GAC and DBD treated GAC for PCP adsorption, and the Langmuir isotherm model fits better with the data of adsorption isotherm than the Freundlich isotherm in the adsorption of PCP on virgin GAC and DBD treated GAC.

Observation of Van Hove Singularities and Temperature Dependence of Electrical Characteristics in Suspended Carbon Nanotube Schottky Barrier Transistors

A Van Hove singularity(VHS) is a singularity in the phonon or electronic density of states of a crystalline solid. When the Fermi energy is close to the VHS, instabilities will occur, which can give rise to new phases of matter with desirable properties. However, the position of the VHS in the band structure cannot be changed in most materials. In this work, we demonstrate that the carrier densities required to approach the VHS are reached by gating in a suspended carbon nanotube Schottky barrier transistor. Critical saddle points were observed in regions of both positive and negative gate voltage, and the conductance flattened out when the gate voltage exceeded the critical value. These novel physical phenomena were evident when the temperature is below 100 K. Further, the temperature dependence of the electrical characteristics was also investigated in this type of Schottky barrier transistor.

Novel Method for Preparing a Carbon Nanotube-Supported Cobalt Catalyst for Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis:Hydrogen Dielectric-Barrier Discharge Plasma

Hydrogen dielectric-barrier discharge(H_2-DBD)plasma was successfully used to prepare carbon nanotubes(CNTs)-supported cobalt(Co) catalyst.The H_2-DBD plasma treatment simultaneously decomposed and reduced the cobalt precursor at a lower temperature and in a shorter time than the conventional method(calcination and hydrogen reduction).It is considered that the H_2-DBD plasma method can remarkably decrease the amount of energy input compared to traditional methods used to prepare the Co-based catalyst in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis(FTS).Results showed that the Co catalyst prepared by H_2-DBD plasma had an equivalent catalytic performance for FTS as that prepared using the conventional method in calcination and hydrogen reduction,thereby determining that H_2-DBD plasma was an effective alternative treatment for preparing the Co/CNTs catalyst for FTS.This technology will provide a new strategy for preparing catalysts in other catalysis processes.

Degradation of phenol using a combination of granular activated carbon adsorption and bipolar pulse dielectric barrier discharge plasma regeneration

A combined method of granular activated carbon（GAC） adsorption and bipolar pulse dielectric barrier discharge（DBD） plasma regeneration was employed to degrade phenol in water.After being saturated with phenol,the GAC was filled into the DBD reactor driven by bipolar pulse power for regeneration under various operating parameters.The results showed that different peak voltages,air flow rates,and GAC content can affect phenol decomposition and its major degradation intermediates,such as catechol,hydroquinone,and benzoquinone.The higher voltage and air support were conducive to the removal of phenol,and the proper water moisture of the GAC was 20%.The amount of H2 O2 on the GAC was quantitatively determined,and its laws of production were similar to phenol elimination.Under the optimized conditions,the elimination of phenol on the GAC was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,and the total removal of organic carbons achieved 50.4%.Also,a possible degradation mechanism was proposed based on the HPLC analysis.Meanwhile,the regeneration efficiency of the GAC was improved with the discharge treatment time,which attained 88.5% after 100 min of DBD processing.

Preparation of Diamond-like Carbon Film Assisted in the Plasma of Dielectric Barrier Discharge at Atmospheric Pressure

Dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric presure has been applied to prepare hydrocarbon films on large- area glass and silicon substrates. When hydrogen and methane mixture(2:1) is used as discharge gas and the substrate is heated to 300 C, hard hydrogenated amorphous carbon film is deposited. From the IR deconvolution analysis of the C-H stretching absorption for the coating, the hydrocarbon group ration (CH3:CH2:CH) and C-C bond type ratio (sp3c/sp2c) are about 10%: 21%: 69% and 3:1~6:1,respectively. Their Knoop hardness is up to 10Gpa. No film isdeposited when the content of methane in the mixed gases is decreased to 5% at 300 C silicon substrate.

国际贸易中的碳壁垒:发展趋势、影响及中国对策

近年来,以欧盟为代表的发达经济体以应对气候变化为由,加速实施碳壁垒政策,引发全球绿色贸易壁垒的新变化,对全球贸易格局、产业链布局及国际经贸规则产生了深远的影响。在此背景下,中国面临的重大课题是如何将碳壁垒带来的挑战转化为推动国内绿色贸易发展及参与全球气候治理的新机遇。文章首先阐释碳壁垒的内涵与特征,并在梳理和总结全球碳壁垒发展趋势的基础上,进一步分析碳壁垒对全球气候治理、国际贸易、全球产业链和中国对外贸易的潜在影响,最后提出我国应对碳壁垒的国际和国内策略,旨在为中国在全球气候治理中的角色定位和绿色贸易的可持续发展提供策略支持。

中东巨厚复杂碳酸盐岩油藏分层系均衡注水开发技术

基于中东碳酸盐岩油藏注水开发实践,以两伊地区(伊拉克和伊朗)白垩系巨厚生物碎屑灰岩油藏为例,针对笼统注采导致开发效果差的难题,提出以隐蔽隔夹层为格架精细划分开发层系、多类型多井型井网有机组合、构建均衡注采体系为核心的巨厚复杂碳酸盐岩油藏均衡注水开发技术。两伊地区巨厚碳酸盐岩油藏具有垂向非均质性强、多成因超高渗透层发育、隔夹层隐蔽性强等特征,基于隐蔽隔夹层识别与刻画技术、封隔能力评估技术,提出均衡注水开发技术,形成常规层系架构、精细层系架构、深化层系架构3种均衡注水开发模式和技术。数值模拟表明,均衡注水开发技术可实现两伊地区巨厚复杂碳酸盐岩油藏精细高效注水开发、均衡动用不同类型储量,并为同类油藏的开发优化提供借鉴。

γ-Al_(2)O_(3)负载的Ni、Fe、Cu对介质阻挡放电等离子体转化CO_(2)/CH_(4)的影响

二氧化碳和甲烷是大气中主要的温室气体,两者的高效资源化利用有助于实现双碳目标。等离子体催化CH_(4)/CO_(2)气液两相均有产物,但存在产物组成复杂、选择性低的问题。等离子体与催化剂结合可以有效提高目标产物选择性,本文采用微燃烧法将活性金属负载在载体γ-Al_(2)O_(3)上,与等离子体结合催化转化CH_(4)/CO_(2)。负载金属后催化剂氧空位比例的改变增强催化剂表面碱性,进而提高CO_(2)转化率。负载金属后弱酸比例增加,有利于合成液相产物,其中Lewis酸有利于合成醇类产物,而Brønsted酸促进了乙酸合成。金属催化剂装填增强了介质阻挡放电功率,转移更多电荷,提升了反应能量效率。通过催化剂结构对产物选择性的影响规律研究,有利于针对等离子体催化进行催化剂的理性设计。

纳米铜碳复合物对1~21日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化和肠道屏障功能的影响

本研究旨在探究纳米铜碳复合物(NCCC)对1~21日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化能力及肠道屏障功能的影响,并寻求可达到最大生产效益且无明显不良影响的NCCC最低添加剂量。试验共选取240只1日龄黄羽肉鸡公雏,随机分至4个试验组,每组5个重复,每个重复12只,对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,其余3组则在基础饲粮中分别添加50、100 mg/kg和200 mg/kg NCCC。其中,对照组和50 mg/kg NCCC组为铜安全剂量组,100、200 mg/kg NCCC组为铜高剂量添加组。试验期为21 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,饲粮中添加不同水平的NCCC对黄羽肉鸡生长性能和免疫器官指数均无显著影响(P>0.05)。就抗氧化功能而言,与对照组相比,50 mg/kg和200 mg/kg NCCC组的肉鸡空肠黏膜还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)与氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)比值提高了6.14%和8.57%,过氧化氢酶(CAT)含量也提高了28.38%和24.92%,但同时会导致丙二醛(MDA)的含量增加19.27%和13.39%(P<0.05)。就肠道屏障功能而言,与对照组相比,50 mg/kg和200 mg/kg NCCC添加组肉鸡空肠黏膜分泌型免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)含量升高了32.04%和29.80%,β-防御素9(β-DF9)含量升高了38.38%和25.41%(P<0.05),但50、100、200 mg/kg NCCC处理组屏障蛋白基因CLDN-1、CLDN-3、CLDN-1的表达水平降低了28.00%、10.00%和52.00%(P<0.05)。综上所述,1~21日龄黄羽肉鸡饲粮中添加NCCC对其生长性能和免疫器官发育无显著影响,对抗氧化功能和肠道屏障功能的影响有利有弊,因此,NCCC应用于肉鸡生产时,需要慎重考虑。

介质阻挡放电诱导固定碳基还原床低温脱除NO的研究

针对低温脱硝的技术需求,本文建立了介质阻挡放电(DBD)诱导固定碳基还原床(FCRB)负载锰催化剂的新型原位还原脱硝系统(DBD-Mn/FCRB),与单DBD和DBD-FCRB系统相比,该系统具有最佳的脱硝性能,NO转化率和N_(2)选择性可分别达到90.9%和79.9%。该系统具有较强的抗氧冲击性能和抗水性。此外,结合表面微观特性分析,提出了3种可能的脱硝反应路径。研究结果可为低温脱硝提供参考思路。

美国涉及碳边境调节机制的最新动态及影响分析

碳边境调节机制(CBAM)是一项单边贸易政策,2023年由欧盟率先实施。美国作为中国第三大贸易伙伴,近年来涉CBAM的立法提案不断增多,若成功开征碳关税,必将对中国对美出口贸易和经济发展造成较大影响。本文在全面梳理美国对CBAM态度变化和立法进展的基础上,从立法目的、覆盖范围、计算方式、征收规则、豁免条款等五个方面比较分析了两党在2023年提出的涉CBAM相关提案,研判了其对中美贸易可能造成的影响。结果表明,现阶段美版CBAM对我国铝、水泥、玻璃、钢铁等行业进入美国市场会带来更大的挑战,但总体影响可控。建议短期内,紧盯美国政治走势,做好政策研判;中长期,完善政策体系,提高行业绿色低碳发展水平。

我国碳市场发展分析与建议

为了有效应对国际绿色贸易壁垒,全面系统梳理了我国碳市场,包括履约碳市场和自愿性碳市场自2002年至今的发展现状,我国碳市场发展历程主要包括参与CDM、建设地方碳市场、形成全国和地方碳市场共同发展格局的三个阶段,碳市场呈现碳价稳中有升,成交量和成交额不断提高、履约率较高,覆盖范围较广,配额以基准法、历史强度法、历史排放法等方法分配的特征,基于提出我国碳市场的发展建议。

欧盟实施碳关税政策对我国的影响及应对建议

全球首个碳关税政策欧盟《碳边境调节机制(CBAM)法案》于2023年5月完成立法正式通过,由于其对发展中国家将产生较大影响,在2023年底召开的COP28会议上,欧盟碳关税成为热议话题之一,并受到巴西、非洲、中国、印度等多个国家和地区的抵制。对我国而言,欧盟碳关税的影响主要表现为三个层次:在宏观层面,将形成绿色贸易壁垒,倒逼我国加速完善碳定价机制;在中观层面,将制约我国钢铁和铝产品出口,对我国能源改革和绿色发展提出更高要求;在微观层面,我国企业外销成本将有所增加,碳信息披露要求下信息安全面临挑战。对此,建议我国应健全国内碳交易市场,不断完善碳定价机制;探索科学合理的碳税政策,稳慎推进国内碳税制度;持续推动产业转型升级,大力发展新质生产力;提高高碳企业碳管理能力,减轻碳关税对企业的影响力度。

国际绿色贸易壁垒形势下完善我国碳核算体系的对策研究

当前,一些国家和地区以应对全球气候变化危机为由组建了绿色贸易“碳壁垒”,试图利用碳排放核算和认证优势对我国产品出口形成抑制影响。面对这些新挑战,我国需完善碳核算体系建设,助力构建公平合理、合作共赢的全球气候治理体系和全球贸易体系。本文以完善我国碳核算体系为研究目标,总结了碳核算体系的内涵及建设进展,介绍了国际绿色贸易机制的核算报告要求,并采用比较分析法分析了我国碳市场、欧盟碳边境调节机制、《欧盟电池和废电池法规》在核算边界、核算方法、数据支撑及质量保障体系3个方面的差异。研究发现,我国碳市场在核算方法上与国际绿色贸易机制具有一致性,但在碳足迹体系、数据支撑及质量保障体系方面仍存在较大差距;这导致我国出口型企业依赖现有的核算体系将不足以应对“碳壁垒”,而核算体系的差异性可能进一步影响我国新兴产业的发展。为此,我国应秉持坚决反对缺乏公平性的绿色贸易壁垒这一基本立场,同时采取完善碳核算体系的具体措施:完善产品层面的碳核算体系,建立具有高公信力的排放因子数据平台,加强科研机构的研究支撑,强化数据安全管理,尽快建设受影响企业的碳排放核算与报告能力。

绿色能源国际合作的法治障碍与纾解路径

当前,我国已成为世界上最大的再生能源生产与应用国,推动绿色能源国际合作是践行绿色发展理念、促进生态文明建设、构建人类命运共同体的内在要求。随着世界上130多个国家陆续提出碳中和目标,绿色能源国际合作蓬勃发展。在绿色能源国际合作中,法治是规范合作程序、解决合作争端和保护合作成果的重要方式,但是在实施中存在着缺乏推动合作的国内法依据、合作过程中灵活性与规范性难以平衡、第三方政策不明导致利益冲突、救济制度缺位导致争端难以解决等问题。绿色能源国际合作给我国发展带来了新的机遇和挑战,可以通过夯实绿色能源国际合作的国内法基础、构建软硬兼备的国际合作法治体系、依托多边平台完善第三方政策查明机制、持续推进绿色能源纠纷解决平台建设等措施予以解决。

中国特色的碳市场国际化路径选择——气候与贸易政策联动的视角

在全球气候治理与贸易政策联动的新形势下,主动、系统且有序地推进中国特色的碳市场国际化至关重要。现有研究多从制度自足和国际适应的角度,关注国内碳市场建设和国际背景变动下的“点对点”应对,难以有效回应新形势下中国的经贸利益需求和提高低碳竞争力与全球治理地位的战略需求。鉴于此,该研究通过系统分析新形势下中国碳市场面临的三重挑战,从法学、经济学等跨学科视角,识别中国特色碳市场国际化的内涵与指导原则,在梳理碳市场国际化的规范基础(即国际法基础与低碳准则)和实践基础(即国内外碳市场国际化的实践与全球竞争态势)的同时,评估了不同国际化路径的技术可行性、合法性、经济效益和政治可接受度等,进而提出了中国碳市场国际化的“三阶段”目标与推进路径。研究表明:①在气候和贸易政策联动视角下,中国碳市场国际化的关键在于借助中国的经贸影响和低碳合作,体系性地推进相关低碳标准的国际化。②有别于欧盟等境外碳市场的国际化,中国特色碳市场的国际化强调气候正义与减排效率的互动,并在减排承诺和自身发展需求下寻求中国利益与全球利益的平衡。③在境内外强制减排市场、自愿减排市场、贸易与减排交叉场域、碳成本承担交叉场域中,碳市场国际化的阶段性目标、实施主体和推进路径存在显著区别。该研究为国家、区域和城市等公共规制主体通过碳市场手段深度参与全球治理体系改革提供了理论支持和政策建议,为中国企业、行业协会和金融机构等私人规制主体参与全球碳“软法”治理提供了学理支撑。

碳纳米管的血管内皮细胞损伤作用研究进展

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