Black carbon （BC） is the most eff ective insoluble light-absorbing particulate （ILAP）, which can strongly absorb solar radiation at visible wavelengths. Once BC is deposited in snow via dry or wet process, even a ...Black carbon （BC） is the most eff ective insoluble light-absorbing particulate （ILAP）, which can strongly absorb solar radiation at visible wavelengths. Once BC is deposited in snow via dry or wet process, even a small amount of BC could signifi cantly decrease snow albedo, enhance absorption of solar radiation, accelerate snow melting, and cause climate feedback. BC is considered the second most important component next to CO2 in terms of global warming. Similarly, mineral dust （MD） is another type of ILAP. So far, little attention has been paid to quantitative measurements of BC and MD deposition on snow surface in the midlatitudes of East Asia, especially over northern China. In this paper, we focus on reviewing several experiments performed for collecting and measuring scavenging BC and MD in the high Asian glaciers over the mountain range （such as the Himalayas） and in seasonal snow over northern China. Results from the surveyed literature indicate that the absorption of ILAP in seasonal snow is dominated by MD in the Qilian Mountains and by local soil dust in the Inner Mongolian region close to dust sources. The detection of BC in snow and ice cores using modern techniques has a large bias and uncertainty when the snow sample is mixed with MD. Evidence also indicates that the reduction of snow albedo by BC and MD perturbations can signifi cantly increase the net surface solar radiation, cause surface air temperature to rise, reduce snow accumulation, and accelerate snow melting.展开更多
结合2006年最新的气溶胶排放源资料,以NCEP/NCAR再分析资料为气象场,驱动大气化学传输模式MATCH(Model of Atmospheric Transport and Chemistry),模拟了2006年中国地区硫酸盐、黑碳和沙尘气溶胶的质量浓度分布及其季节变化。模拟的气...结合2006年最新的气溶胶排放源资料,以NCEP/NCAR再分析资料为气象场,驱动大气化学传输模式MATCH(Model of Atmospheric Transport and Chemistry),模拟了2006年中国地区硫酸盐、黑碳和沙尘气溶胶的质量浓度分布及其季节变化。模拟的气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)结果与CSHNET观测网数据比较分析后发现,基于21个观测站的61组月平均数据与相应模拟结果的相关系数为0.63。模拟结果表明:2006年中国地区硫酸盐气溶胶高值区主要分布在中国的四川盆地、华北及长江流域等工业较发达地区,而且具有明显的季节变化,四川盆地及长江以南地区,硫酸盐气溶胶1月份浓度高于7月份,长江以北的大部分地区,7月份浓度高于1月份;黑碳气溶胶主要分布在黄河、长江中下游地区及华南等地区,1月份浓度高于7月份;沙尘气溶胶主要分布在内蒙古中部沙漠地区,4月份浓度最高,7月份次之,其他月份较少。展开更多
以回收提纯硅片线锯屑粉与气相白炭黑为原料,合成出晶须状氮氧化硅粉体。实验研究了原料摩尔配比、保温温度、保温时间等工艺参数对氮氧化合成产物的影响。结果表明,回收提纯硅片线锯屑粉与气相白炭黑摩尔比为2.0∶1~2.6∶1、保温温度为...以回收提纯硅片线锯屑粉与气相白炭黑为原料,合成出晶须状氮氧化硅粉体。实验研究了原料摩尔配比、保温温度、保温时间等工艺参数对氮氧化合成产物的影响。结果表明,回收提纯硅片线锯屑粉与气相白炭黑摩尔比为2.0∶1~2.6∶1、保温温度为1380℃、保温时间为4 h条件下可获得较为纯净的氮氧化硅粉体。产物中同时伴生一种类似于O1-Si Al ON结构的氮氧化硅低温亚稳相（LM Si2N2O）,且该亚稳相含量随着原料摩尔配比的降低、温度的升高、时间的延长逐渐降低。所形成的氮氧化硅呈晶须状的原因与白炭黑的气化挥发及随后的氮氧化硅气相沉积生长机制有关。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41175134 and 41105110)Climate Change Special Funding of the China Meteorological Administration(2013–2014)
文摘Black carbon （BC） is the most eff ective insoluble light-absorbing particulate （ILAP）, which can strongly absorb solar radiation at visible wavelengths. Once BC is deposited in snow via dry or wet process, even a small amount of BC could signifi cantly decrease snow albedo, enhance absorption of solar radiation, accelerate snow melting, and cause climate feedback. BC is considered the second most important component next to CO2 in terms of global warming. Similarly, mineral dust （MD） is another type of ILAP. So far, little attention has been paid to quantitative measurements of BC and MD deposition on snow surface in the midlatitudes of East Asia, especially over northern China. In this paper, we focus on reviewing several experiments performed for collecting and measuring scavenging BC and MD in the high Asian glaciers over the mountain range （such as the Himalayas） and in seasonal snow over northern China. Results from the surveyed literature indicate that the absorption of ILAP in seasonal snow is dominated by MD in the Qilian Mountains and by local soil dust in the Inner Mongolian region close to dust sources. The detection of BC in snow and ice cores using modern techniques has a large bias and uncertainty when the snow sample is mixed with MD. Evidence also indicates that the reduction of snow albedo by BC and MD perturbations can signifi cantly increase the net surface solar radiation, cause surface air temperature to rise, reduce snow accumulation, and accelerate snow melting.
文摘结合2006年最新的气溶胶排放源资料,以NCEP/NCAR再分析资料为气象场,驱动大气化学传输模式MATCH(Model of Atmospheric Transport and Chemistry),模拟了2006年中国地区硫酸盐、黑碳和沙尘气溶胶的质量浓度分布及其季节变化。模拟的气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)结果与CSHNET观测网数据比较分析后发现,基于21个观测站的61组月平均数据与相应模拟结果的相关系数为0.63。模拟结果表明:2006年中国地区硫酸盐气溶胶高值区主要分布在中国的四川盆地、华北及长江流域等工业较发达地区,而且具有明显的季节变化,四川盆地及长江以南地区,硫酸盐气溶胶1月份浓度高于7月份,长江以北的大部分地区,7月份浓度高于1月份;黑碳气溶胶主要分布在黄河、长江中下游地区及华南等地区,1月份浓度高于7月份;沙尘气溶胶主要分布在内蒙古中部沙漠地区,4月份浓度最高,7月份次之,其他月份较少。
文摘以回收提纯硅片线锯屑粉与气相白炭黑为原料,合成出晶须状氮氧化硅粉体。实验研究了原料摩尔配比、保温温度、保温时间等工艺参数对氮氧化合成产物的影响。结果表明,回收提纯硅片线锯屑粉与气相白炭黑摩尔比为2.0∶1~2.6∶1、保温温度为1380℃、保温时间为4 h条件下可获得较为纯净的氮氧化硅粉体。产物中同时伴生一种类似于O1-Si Al ON结构的氮氧化硅低温亚稳相（LM Si2N2O）,且该亚稳相含量随着原料摩尔配比的降低、温度的升高、时间的延长逐渐降低。所形成的氮氧化硅呈晶须状的原因与白炭黑的气化挥发及随后的氮氧化硅气相沉积生长机制有关。
