An integrated technology for the absorption and utilization of CO_(2)in alkanolamine solution for the preparation of BaCO_(3)in a high-gravity environment

In this study,an integrated technology is proposed for the absorption and utilization of CO_(2)in alkanolamine solution for the preparation of BaCO_(3)in a high-gravity environment.The effects of absorbent type,high-gravity factor,gas/liquid ratio,and initial BaCl2concentration on the absorption rate and amount of CO_(2)and the preparation of BaCO_(3)are investigated.The results reveal that the absorption rate and amount of CO_(2)follow the order of ethyl alkanolamine(MEA)>diethanol amine(DEA)>N-methyldiethanolamine(MDEA),and thus MEA is the most effective absorbent for CO_(2)absorption.The absorption rate and amount of CO_(2)under high gravity are higher than that under normal gravity.Notably,the absorption rate at 75 min under high gravity is approximately 2 times that under normal gravity.This is because the centrifugal force resulting from the high-speed rotation of the packing can greatly increase gas-liquid mass transfer and micromixing.The particle size of BaCO_(3)prepared in the rotating packed bed is in the range of 57.2—89 nm,which is much smaller than that prepared in the bubbling reactor(>100.3 nm),and it also has higher purity(99.6%)and larger specific surface area(14.119 m^(2)·g^(-1)).It is concluded that the high-gravity technology has the potential to increase the absorption and utilization of CO_(2)in alkanolamine solution for the preparation of BaCO_(3).This study provides new insights into carbon emissions reduction and carbon utilization.

Technical Perspective of Carbon Capture,Utilization,and Storage

Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))is the primary greenhouse gas contributing to anthropogenic climate change which is associated with human activities.The majority of CO_(2) emissions are results of the burning of fossil fuels for energy,as well as industrial processes such as steel and cement production.Carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)is a sustainable technology promising in terms of reducing CO_(2) emissions that would otherwise contribute to climate change.From this perspective,the discussion on carbon capture focuses on chemical absorption technology,primarily due to its commercialization potential.The CO_(2) absorptive capacity and absorption rate of various chemical solvents have been summarized.The carbon utilization focuses on electrochemical conversion routes converting CO_(2) into potentially valuable chemicals which have received particular attention in recent years.The Faradaic conversion efficiencies for various CO_(2) reduction products are used to describe efficiency improvements.For carbon storage,successful deployment relies on a better understanding of fluid mechanics,geomechanics,and reactive transport,which are discussed in details.

Navigating the hydrogen prospect:A comprehensive review of sustainable source-based production technologies,transport solutions,advanced storage mechanisms,and CCUS integration

The review is a comprehensive discussion of current research advances,commercial scale developments,challenges,and techno-eco nomics for the entire H_(2) value chain,including production,mainly focusing on sustainable sources,storage,and transport.The challenges,advantages,and uses of H_(2) energy are included at length.Moreover,apart from the sustainable production approaches,the approaches and current developments for combating the carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions from existing H_(2) production facilities are highlighted in terms of ca rbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS).Concisely,the review discusses current material and recent technological adva ncements in developing pilot projects and large-scale establishments for viable and rapidly emerging sou rce-ba sed H_(2) productio n.Moreover,the review also aims to provide an in-depthdiscussion and explore current developments based on the advantages of H_(2) energy in terms of its utilization,based on its high energy density,and its ability to be used as a feedstock and fuel.On the other hand,the challenges of H_(2) are also elabo rated.Next,the role of CCUS in a carbon-neutral economy and value chain for minimization of emissions from existing facilities is thoroughly deliberated,and the recent commercial-scale implementation of CCUS technologies is highlighted.Extending the utilization and recycling of captured CO_(2) emissions along with H_(2) to produce e-fuels in terms of current advances is detailed in this review.Fu rthermore,the most applicable,efficient,a nd develo ping approaches are discussed for physical and chemical H_(2) storage,considering recent la rge-scale implementations of liquid carriers and liquid organic hydrogen carriers as storage options.Lastly,the review elaborates on recent insights into advances in H_(2) transport infrastructure,including compressed and liquid H_(2) delivery via roads,ships,pipelines,and flight cargo.The review gives precise insights into the recent scenario through an elaborated conclusion of each discussion topic separately and a discussion of future perspectives.The current review will help researchers to fully understand the ongoing research advancements and challenges in the H_(2) value chain for formulating new solutions for sustainable H_(2) production,alo ng with focusing on suitable approaches for its storage and tra nsport to make the production and utilization of H_(2) applicable on a large scale.

Prospects for green steelmaking technology with low carbon emissions in China

The steel industry is a major source of CO_(2) emissions,and thus,the mitigation of carbon emissions is the most pressing challenge in this sector.In this paper,international environmental governance in the steel industry is reviewed,and the current state of development of low-carbon technologies is discussed.Additionally,low-carbon pathways for the steel industry at the current time are proposed,emphasizing prevention and treatment strategies.Furthermore,the prospects of low-carbon technologies are explored from the perspective of transitioning the energy structure to a“carbon-electricity-hydrogen”relationship.Overall,steel enterprises should adopt hydrogen-rich metallurgical technologies that are compatible with current needs and process flows in the short term,based on the carbon substitution with hydrogen(prevention)and the CCU(CO_(2) capture and utilization)concepts(treatment).Additionally,the capture and utilization of CO_(2) for steelmaking,which can assist in achieving short-term emission reduction targets but is not a long-term solution,is discussed.In conclusion,in the long term,the carbon metallurgical process should be gradually supplanted by a hydrogen-electric synergistic approach,thus transforming the energy structure of existing steelmaking processes and attaining near-zero carbon emission steelmaking technology.

International experience of carbon neutrality and prospects of key technologies:Lessons for China

Carbon neutrality(or climate neutrality)has been a global consensus,and international experience exchange is essential.Given the differences in the degree of social development,resource endowment and technological level,each country should build a carbon-neutral plan based on its national conditions.Compared with other major developed countries(e.g.,Germany,the United States and Japan),China's carbon neutrality has much bigger challenges,including a heavy and time-pressured carbon reduction task and the current energy structure that is over-dependent on fossil fuels.Here we provide a comprehensive review of the status and prospects of the key technologies for low-carbon,near-zero carbon,and negative carbon emissions.Technological innovations associated with coal,oil-gas and hydrogen industries and their future potential in reducing carbon emissions are particularly explained and assessed.Based on integrated analysis of international experience from the world's major developed countries,in-depth knowledge of the current and future technologies,and China's energy and ecological resources potential,five lessons for the implementation of China's carbon neutrality are proposed:(1)transformation of energy production pattern from a coal-dominated pattern to a diversified renewable energy pattern;(2)renewable power-to-X and large-scale underground energy storage;(3)integration of green hydrogen production,storage,transport and utilization;(4)construction of clean energy systems based on smart sector coupling(ENSYSCO);(5)improvement of ecosystem carbon sinks both in nationwide forest land and potential desert in Northwest China.This paper provides an international perspective for a better understanding of the challenges and opportunities of carbon neutrality in China,and can serve as a theoretical foundation for medium-long term carbon neutral policy formulation.

Lifecycle carbon footprint and cost assessment for coal-to-liquid coupled with carbon capture,storage,and utilization technology in China

Thecoal-to-liquidcoupledwithcarbon capture,utilization,and storage technology has the potential to reduce CO_(2)emissions,but its carbon footprint and cost assessment are still insufficient.In this paper,coal mining to oil production is taken as a life cycle to evaluate the carbon footprint and levelized costs of direct-coal-toliquid and indirect-coal-to-liquid coupled with the carbon capture utilization and storage technology under three scenarios:non capture,process capture,process and public capture throughout the life cycle.The results show that,first,the coupling carbon capture utilization and storage technology can reduce CO_(2)footprint by 28%-57%from 5.91 t CO_(2)/t:oil of direct-coal-to-liquid and 24%-49%from 7.10 t CO_(2)/t:oil of indirect-coal-to-liquid.Next,the levelized cost of direct-coal-to-liquid is 648-1027$/t of oil,whereas that of indirect-coal-to-liquid is 653-1065$/t of oil.When coupled with the carbon capture utilization and storage technology,the levelized cost of direct-coalto-liquid is 285-1364$/t of oil,compared to 1101-9793/t of oil for indirect-coal-to-liquid.Finally,sensitivity analysis shows that CO_(2)transportation distance has the greatest impact on carbon footprint,while coal price and initial investment cost significantly affect the levelized cost ofcoal-to-liquid.

Monitoring Technologies for Marine Carbon Sequestration in Zhanjiang

Marine carbon sequestration is an important component of carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage(CCUS) technology. It is crucial for achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutralization in China. However, CO_(2) leakage may lead to seabed geological disasters and threaten the safety of marine engineering. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the safety monitoring technology of marine carbon sequestration.Zhanjiang is industrially developed and rich in carbon sources. Owing to the good physical properties and reservoirs and trap characteristics,Zhanjiang has huge storage potential. This paper explores the disaster mechanism associated with CO_(2) leakage in marine carbon sequestration areas. Based on the analysis of the development of Zhanjiang industry and relevant domestic monitoring technologies, several suggestions for safety monitoring of marine carbon sequestration are proposed: application of offshore aquaculture platforms, expansion and application of ocean observation networks, carbon sequestration safety monitoring and sensing system. Intended to build a comprehensive and multi-level safety monitoring system for marine carbon sequestration, the outcome of this study provides assistance for the development of marine carbon sequestration in China's offshore areas.

Bipolar membrane electrodialysis integrated with in-situ CO_(2)absorption for simulated seawater concentrate utilization,carbon storage and production of sodium carbonate

In the context of carbon capture,utilization,and storage,the high-value utilization of carbon storage presents a significant challenge.To address this challenge,this study employed the bipolar membrane electrodialysis integrated with carbon utilization technology to prepare Na_(2)CO_(3)products using simulated seawater concentrate,achieving simultaneous saline wastewater utilization,carbon storage and high-value production of Na_(2)CO_(3).The effects of various factors,including concentration of simulated seawater concentrate,current density,CO_(2)aeration rate,and circulating flow rate of alkali chamber,on the quality of Na_(2)CO_(3)product,carbon sequestration rate,and energy consumption were investigated.Under the optimal condition,the CO_(3)^(2-)concentration in the alkaline chamber reached a maximum of 0.817 mol/L with 98 mol%purity.The resulting carbon fixation rate was 70.50%,with energy consumption for carbon sequestration and product production of 5.7 k Whr/m^(3)CO_(2)and1237.8 k Whr/ton Na_(2)CO_(3),respectively.This coupling design provides a triple-win outcome promoting waste reduction and efficient utilization of resources.

Underwater Gas Leakage Flow Detection and Classification Based on Multibeam Forward-Looking Sonar

The risk of gas leakage due to geological flaws in offshore carbon capture, utilization, and storage, as well as leakage from underwater oil or gas pipelines, highlights the need for underwater gas leakage monitoring technology. Remotely operated vehicles(ROVs) and autonomous underwater vehicles(AUVs) are equipped with high-resolution imaging sonar systems that have broad application potential in underwater gas and target detection tasks. However, some bubble clusters are relatively weak scatterers, so detecting and distinguishing them against the seabed reverberation in forward-looking sonar images are challenging. This study uses the dual-tree complex wavelet transform to extract the image features of multibeam forward-looking sonar. Underwater gas leakages with different flows are classified by combining deep learning theory. A pool experiment is designed to simulate gas leakage, where sonar images are obtained for further processing. Results demonstrate that this method can detect and classify underwater gas leakage streams with high classification accuracy. This performance indicates that the method can detect gas leakage from multibeam forward-looking sonar images and has the potential to predict gas leakage flow.

A review of interaction mechanisms and microscopic simulation methods for CO_(2)-water-rock system

This work systematically reviews the complex mechanisms of CO_(2)-water-rock interactions,microscopic simulations of reactive transport(dissolution,precipitation and precipitate migration)in porous media,and microscopic simulations of CO_(2)-water-rock system.The work points out the key issues in current research and provides suggestions for future research.After injection of CO_(2) into underground reservoirs,not only conventional pressure-driven flow and mass transfer processes occur,but also special physicochemical phenomena like dissolution,precipitation,and precipitate migration.The coupling of these processes causes complex changes in permeability and porosity parameters of the porous media.Pore-scale microscopic flow simulations can provide detailed information within the three-dimensional pore and throat space and explicitly observe changes in the fluid-solid interfaces of porous media during reactions.At present,the research has limitations in the decoupling of complex mechanisms,characterization of differential multi-mineral reactions,precipitation generation mechanisms and characterization(crystal nucleation and mineral detachment),simulation methods for precipitation-fluid interaction,and coupling mechanisms of multiple physicochemical processes.In future studies,it is essential to innovate experimental methods to decouple“dissolution-precipitation-precipitate migration”processes,improve the accuracy of experimental testing of minerals geochemical reaction-related parameters,build reliable characterization of various precipitation types,establish precipitation-fluid interaction simulation methods,coordinate the boundary conditions of different physicochemical processes,and,finally,achieve coupled flow simulation of“dissolution-precipitation-precipitate migration”within CO_(2)-water-rock systems.

China's policy framework for carbon capture,utilization and storage:Review,analysis,and outlook

Carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)is estimated to contribute substantial CO_(2)emission reduction to carbon neutrality in China.There is yet a large gap between such enormous demand and the current capacity,and thus a sound enabling environment with sufficient policy support is imperative for CCUS development.This study reviewed 59 CCUS-related policy documents issued by the Chinese government as of July 2022,and found that a supporting policy framework for CCUS is taking embryonic form in China.More than ten departments of the central government have involved CCUS in their policies,of which the State Council,the National Development and Reform Commission(NDRC),the Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST),and the Ministry of Ecological Environment(MEE)have given the greatest attention with different focuses.Specific policy terms are further analyzed following the method of content analysis and categorized into supply-,environment-and demand-type policies.The results indicate that supply-type policies are unbalanced in policy objectives,as policy terms on technology research and demonstration greatly outnumber those on other objectives,and the attention to weak links and industrial sectors is far from sufficient.Environment-type policies,especially legislations,standards,and incentives,are inadequate in pertinence and operability.Demand-type policies are absent in the current policy system but is essential to drive the demand for the CCUS technology in domestic and foreign markets.To meet the reduction demand of China's carbon neutral goal,policies need to be tailored according to needs of each specific technology and implemented in an orderly manner with well-balanced use on multiple objectives.

Recent advances,challenges,and perspectives on carbon capture

Carbon capture,utilization and storage(CCUS)technologies play an essential role in achieving Net Zero Emissions targets.Considering the lack of timely reviews on the recent advancements in promising CCUS technologies,it is crucial to provide a prompt review of the CCUS advances to understand the current research gaps pertained to its industrial application.To that end,this review first summarized the developmental history of CCUS technologies and the current large-scale demonstrations.Then,based on a visually bibliometric analysis,the carbon capture remains a hotspot in the CCUS development.Noting that the materials applied in the carbon capture process determines its performance.As a result,the state-of-the-art carbon capture materials and emerging capture technologies were comprehensively summarized and discussed.Gaps between state-of-art carbon capture process and its ideal counterpart are analyzed,and insights into the research needs such as material design,process optimization,environmental impact,and technical and economic assessments are provided.

CO_(2)storage with enhanced gas recovery(CSEGR):A review of experimental and numerical studies

CO_(2)emission mitigation is one of the most critical research frontiers.As a promising option of carbon capture,utilization and storage(CCUS),CO_(2)storage with enhanced gas recovery(CSEGR)can reduce CO_(2)emission by sequestrating it into gas reservoirs and simultaneously enhance natural gas production.Over the past decades,the displacement behaviour of CO_(2)—natural gas has been extensively studied and demonstrated to play a key role on both CO_(2)geologic storage and gas recovery performance.This work thoroughly and critically reviews the experimental and numerical simulation studies of CO_(2)displacing natural gas,along with both CSEGR research and demonstration projects at various scales.The physical property difference between CO_(2)and natural gas,especially density and viscosity,lays the foundation of CSEGR.Previous experiments on displacement behaviour and dispersion characteristics of CO_(2)/natural gas revealed the fundamental mixing characteristics in porous media,which is one key factor of gas recovery efficiency and warrants further study.Preliminary numerical simulations demonstrated that it is technically and economically feasible to apply CSEGR in depleted gas reservoirs.However,CO_(2)preferential flow pathways are easy to form(due to reservoir heterogeneity)and thus adversely compromise CSEGR performance.This preferential flow can be slowed down by connate or injected water.Additionally,the optimization of CO_(2)injection strategies is essential for improving gas recovery and CO_(2)storage,which needs further study.The successful K12—B pilot project provides insightful field-scale knowledge and experience,which paves a good foundation for commercial application.More experiments,simulations,research and demonstration projects are needed to facilitate the maturation of the CSEGR technology.

Investigation of the role of Ca(OH)2 in the catalytic Alkaline Thermal Treatment of cellulose to produce H2 with integrated carbon capture

The Alkaline Thermal Treatment(ATT)of biomass is one of the few biomass conversion processes that has a potential for BECCS(bio-energy with carbon capture and storage).Combining in-situ carbon capture withcreates a carbon-neutral process that has the potential to be carbon-negative.This study has shown that the conversion of cellulose tosuppressedcan be achieved through the reforming of gaseous intermediates in a fixed bed of 10%Ni/ZrO2.Reforming occurs at low temperatures≤773 K,which could allow for improved sustainability.

Simulation study of supercritical carbon dioxide jet fracturing for carbonate geothermal reservoir based on fluid-thermo-mechanical coupling model

Geothermal energy is a kind of renewable,sustainable and clean energy resource.Geothermal energy is abundant in carbonate reservoirs.However,low matrix permeability limits its exploitation.The super-critical carbon dioxide(SC-CO_(2))jet fracturing is expected to efficiently stimulate the carbonate geothermal reservoirs and achieve the storage of CO_(2) simultaneously.In this paper,we established a transient seepage and fluid-thermo-mechanical coupled model to analyze the impact performance of sc-CO_(2) jet fracturing.The mesh-based parallel code coupling interface was employed to couple the fluid and solid domains by exchanging the data through the mesh interface.The physical properties change of sC-CO_(2) with temperature were considered in the numerical model.Results showed that SC-CO_(2) jet frac-turing is superior to water-jet fracturing with respect to jetting velocity,particle trajectory and pene-trability.Besides,stress distribution on the carbonate rock showed that the tensile and shear failure would more easily occur by SC-CO_(2) jet than that by water jet.Moreover,pressure and temperature control the jet field and seepage field of sC-CO_(2) simultaneously.Increasing the jet temperature can effectively enhance the impingement effect and seepage process by decreasing the viscosity and density of SC-CO_(2).The key findings are expected to provide a theoretical basis and design reference for applying SC-CO_(2) jet fracturing in carbonate geothermal reservoirs.

海洋CO_(2)地质封存研究进展与发展趋势

CO_(2)捕集、利用和封存是中国实现“双碳”目标的核心技术,也是全球研究的热点。CO_(2)地质封存是其中的关键环节,特别是海洋CO_(2)地质封存是今后的重点发展方向。以国内外海洋CO_(2)地质封存的发展历程为基础,结合典型CO_(2)海洋封存示范项目案例,系统梳理了国内外海洋CO_(2)地质封存理论研究进展,分析了CO_(2)在井筒流动、相变与传热、CO_(2)流体运移与储层物性参数展布规律、海洋地质封存机制及封存潜力、地质封存盖层完整性及安全性评估等方面的研究现状。认识到中国目前对海底地质结构中CO_(2)注入过程的多相态转化、溶解、捕获传质特征及动力学特性认识尚浅,对海洋封存机制及不同封存机制之间的相互作用机理尚不明确,未来应开展海洋CO_(2)动态地质封存空间重构机制研究,解决地质封存相态转化及流体动态迁移机理等关键科学问题,揭示海洋CO_(2)地质封存机制的相互作用机理,形成适用于中国海洋地质封存CO_(2)高效注入和增效封存方法。

二氧化碳-水-岩作用机理及微观模拟方法研究进展

系统综述CO_(2)-水-岩复杂作用机理、多孔介质反应输运(溶解、沉淀及沉淀运移)微观模拟、CO_(2)-水-岩系统微观模拟3个方面的研究进展,指出目前研究存在的主要问题并提出了关于未来研究方向的建议。CO_(2)注入储集层后,不仅存在常规渗流体系的流动和传质作用,还会产生溶解、沉淀及沉淀运移等特殊物理化学现象,其耦合作用导致多孔介质的孔渗参数变化规律复杂。孔隙尺度的微观渗流模拟,可以得到孔喉三维空间内的详细信息,且能显性观察到多孔介质流-固界面随反应的变化。目前研究主要在复杂作用机理解耦合、多矿物差异性反应表征、沉淀生成机理及表征(晶体成核和矿物脱落)、沉淀-流体相互作用模拟方法、多物理化学过程耦合渗流机制等方面存在局限。未来研究中,需要创新实验方法对“溶解—沉淀—沉淀运移”解耦合,提高矿物地球化学反应相关参数实验测试的准确度,在不同沉淀机理可靠表征的基础上,建立沉淀-流体相互作用模拟方法,并有机耦合各个物理化学过程,最终实现对CO_(2)-水-岩系统中“溶解—沉淀—沉淀运移”的耦合渗流模拟。

宁夏回族自治区碳捕集、利用与封存源汇匹配与集群部署

“双碳”(碳达峰、碳中和)战略背景下,碳捕集、利用与封存技术(CCUS)是实现化石能源大规模低碳化利用的关键技术之一。近年,CCUS技术呈现出规模化和集群化发展趋势,而科学、合理的源汇匹配是CCUS集群部署工程选址的重要依据,能够建立高效CO_(2)输运管网、降低减排成本。宁夏是国家能源安全战略布局的重要保障基地,能源结构偏煤、工业结构偏重特征明显,面临着巨大的碳减排压力。针对宁夏CCUS集群部署的源汇匹配问题,调研评估了宁夏工业碳排放源特征和地质碳汇潜力,构建了CCUS源汇匹配模型,在充分考虑源汇性质、捕集-输运-封存成本、CO_(2)运输距离、区域地理条件、土地利用类型、人口密度等因素基础上,应用改进的节约里程法和基于地理信息系统(GIS)的最低成本路径优化法,结合ArcGIS平台和优化求解软件,获得了宁夏CCUS源汇匹配优化和应用方案,并提出宁夏CCUS集群部署建议。结果表明,截止2021年,宁夏工业碳排放源107个,碳排放总量2.26亿t/a,以化工(含自备电厂)和电力行业碳排放为主。宁夏主要封存地质体包括深部咸水层、深部不可开采煤层和油气藏,CO_(2)理论地质封存容量151.55亿t,以深部咸水层封存潜力最大。宁夏CCUS源汇匹配效果较好,在源汇直接相连的情况下,区内年排放量10万t以上的大型工业排放源CCUS集群部署(30 a规划期)总成本约2.45万亿元,并以捕集成本为主,占比83.65%,单位减排成本402.32元/t,共需建设CO_(2)运输管道2 459 km;改进的节约里程法和基于GIS的最低成本路径优化法可大幅降低CCUS集群部署成本,优化后CCUS单位减排成本降至381.76元/t,节约管道建设里程938 km。宁夏应聚焦电力、化工等“两高”(高耗能、高排放)行业,在以宁东能源化工基地为重点的北部、东部地区超前应用CCUS技术,打造宁东能源化工基地、银川—吴忠、石嘴山、中卫和固原5个CCUS特色集群,构建宁夏特色的工程化CCUS全流程技术模式。

实现碳中和目标的CCUS产业发展展望

中国碳中和目标的实现对CCUS技术需求巨大,亟须加快培育CCUS产业,赋能中国碳中和时代高质量发展。CCUS技术全链条产业体系建设将牵引制造业、采矿业、金融业等七大产业门类、25个大类和64个小类国民经济行业的技术、设备、材料、服务、市场及政策等创新需求,培植碳核查、碳金融、碳资产管理等新产业。围绕中国CCUS产业化现存的技术基础薄弱、市场被国外厂商主导、政策体系不完善等挑战,建议未来从以下几方面着手:搭建CCUS产业基础数据共享平台,加大产业关键技术研发投入,打造CCUS产业孵化基地,探索创新产业商业模式及市场机制,重视CCUS专业人才培养等。

含CCUS和P2G的综合能源系统分布式鲁棒优化调度

在双碳战略背景下,综合能源系统成为探索可再生能源低碳高效利用及多能耦合的主要途径。为兼顾综合能源系统在低碳优化时的稳定性和经济效益,提出了一种含碳捕集、利用与封存-电转气协同运行的综合能源系统分布式鲁棒低碳优化策略。首先,对电转气过程精细化建模,研究氢能的多方面效益,建立CHP-CCUS-P2G耦合模型,并引入阶梯式碳交易机制,提出一种基于阶梯式碳交易机制的CHP-CCUS-P2G低碳经济调度方法;其次,考虑风光出力的不确定性,以调度系统中可用的历史数据为基础,构建数据驱动下min-max-min的两阶段鲁棒调度模型,采用1-范数和∞-范数约束场景概率分布模糊集;最后,基于列约束生成算法对模型反复迭代求解。算例仿真结果表明,上述模型提高了IES的风光消纳率和经济性,并降低了系统碳排放量。