The increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, caused by fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, plays an important role in plant growth and development. Wheat, as a major staple crop, adapts to climate ch...The increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, caused by fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, plays an important role in plant growth and development. Wheat, as a major staple crop, adapts to climate change by tuning its inherent molecular mechanism, which is not well understood. The present study employed the RNA-Seq method to generate transcriptome profiles of the wheat Norin 10 in response to elevated CO_2 in comparison with ambient CO_2. The 10 895 787 high-quality clean reads of Norin 10 were assembled de novo using Trinity（without a reference genome） resulting in a total of 18 206 candidate transcripts with significant BLAST matches. GO enrichment analysis of Norin 10 at different CO_2 concentrations showed that some functional genes related to plastids, precursor metabolites, and energy, thylakoid and photosynthesis were apparently enriched at elevated CO_2（550 μmol mol^–1） in contrast to that at ambient CO_2（400 μmol mol^–1）; these findings were further confirmed by RT-PCR analysis. The findings demonstrated the specific effects of elevated CO_2 during long-term period in free air CO_2 enrichment（FACE） on transcriptome response of the high yielding wheat variety, Norin 10, which has a large spike.展开更多
The effects of doubled carbon dioxide on rainfall responses to radiative processes of water clouds are investigated in this study.Two groups of two-dimensional cloud-resolving model sensitivity experiments with regard...The effects of doubled carbon dioxide on rainfall responses to radiative processes of water clouds are investigated in this study.Two groups of two-dimensional cloud-resolving model sensitivity experiments with regard to pre-summer heavy rainfall around the summer solstice and tropical rainfall around the winter solstice are conducted and their five-day averages over the model domain are analyzed.In the presence of radiative effects of ice clouds,doubled carbon dioxide changes pre-summer rainfall from the decrease associated with the enhanced atmospheric cooling to the increase associated with the enhanced infrared cooling as a result of the exclusion of radiative effects of water clouds.Doubled carbon dioxide leads to the reduction in tropical rainfall,caused by the removal of radiative effects of water clouds through the suppressed infrared cooling.In the absence of radiative effects of ice clouds,doubled carbon dioxide changes pre-summer rainfall from the increase associated with the strengthened atmospheric warming to the decrease associated with the weakened release of latent heat caused by the elimination of radiative effects of water clouds.The exclusion of radiative effects of water clouds increases tropical rainfall through the strengthened infrared cooling,which is insensitive to the change in carbon dioxide.展开更多
基金financial supports from the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,2012CB955904)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(ASTIP)of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
文摘The increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, caused by fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, plays an important role in plant growth and development. Wheat, as a major staple crop, adapts to climate change by tuning its inherent molecular mechanism, which is not well understood. The present study employed the RNA-Seq method to generate transcriptome profiles of the wheat Norin 10 in response to elevated CO_2 in comparison with ambient CO_2. The 10 895 787 high-quality clean reads of Norin 10 were assembled de novo using Trinity（without a reference genome） resulting in a total of 18 206 candidate transcripts with significant BLAST matches. GO enrichment analysis of Norin 10 at different CO_2 concentrations showed that some functional genes related to plastids, precursor metabolites, and energy, thylakoid and photosynthesis were apparently enriched at elevated CO_2（550 μmol mol^–1） in contrast to that at ambient CO_2（400 μmol mol^–1）; these findings were further confirmed by RT-PCR analysis. The findings demonstrated the specific effects of elevated CO_2 during long-term period in free air CO_2 enrichment（FACE） on transcriptome response of the high yielding wheat variety, Norin 10, which has a large spike.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41475039)National Key Basic Research and Development (973) Program of China(2015CB953601)
文摘The effects of doubled carbon dioxide on rainfall responses to radiative processes of water clouds are investigated in this study.Two groups of two-dimensional cloud-resolving model sensitivity experiments with regard to pre-summer heavy rainfall around the summer solstice and tropical rainfall around the winter solstice are conducted and their five-day averages over the model domain are analyzed.In the presence of radiative effects of ice clouds,doubled carbon dioxide changes pre-summer rainfall from the decrease associated with the enhanced atmospheric cooling to the increase associated with the enhanced infrared cooling as a result of the exclusion of radiative effects of water clouds.Doubled carbon dioxide leads to the reduction in tropical rainfall,caused by the removal of radiative effects of water clouds through the suppressed infrared cooling.In the absence of radiative effects of ice clouds,doubled carbon dioxide changes pre-summer rainfall from the increase associated with the strengthened atmospheric warming to the decrease associated with the weakened release of latent heat caused by the elimination of radiative effects of water clouds.The exclusion of radiative effects of water clouds increases tropical rainfall through the strengthened infrared cooling,which is insensitive to the change in carbon dioxide.
