Microwave Absorption and Mechanical Properties of Short-cutted Carbon Fiber/glass Fiber Hybrid Veil Reinforced Epoxy Composites

This work aims at investigating the microwave absorption and mechanical properties of short-cutted carbon fiber/glass fiber hybrid veil reinforced epoxy composites.The short-cutted carbon fibers(CFs)/glass fibers(GFs)hybrid veil were prepared by papermaking technology,and composites liquid molding was employed to manufacture CFs/GFs hybrid epoxy composites.The microstructure,microwave absorbing properties and mechanical properties of the hybrid epoxy composites were studied by using SEM,vector network analyzer and universal material testing,respectively.The reflection coefficient of the composites were calculated by the measured complex permittivity and permeability in the X-band(8.2-12.4 GHz)range.The optimum microwave absorption properties can be obtained when the content of CFs in the hybrid veil is 6 wt%and the thickness of the composites is 2 mm,the minimum reflection coefficient of-31.8 dB and the effective absorption bandwidth is 2.1 GHz,which is ascribed to benefitting impedance matching characteristic and dielectric loss of the carbon fiber.Simultaneously the tensile strength and modulus can achieve 104.0 and 2.98GPa,demonstrating that the CFs/GFs hybrid epoxy composites can be a promising candidate of microwave absorbing materials with high mechanical properties.

Impact Responses of the Carbon Fiber Fabric Reinforced Composites

To study the response characteristics of the carbon fiber fabric reinforced composites under impact loading, one dimensional strain impact test, multi gauge technique and Lagrange analysis method are used. The decaying rule of the stress σ , strain ε , strain rate ε · and density ρ with time and space is obtained. By the theory of dynamics, the impact response characteristics of the material is analyzed and discussed.

Study of damage behavior and repair effectiveness of patch repaired carbon fiber laminate under quasi-static indentation loading

Damage caused due to low-velocity impacts in composites leads to substantial deterioration in their residual strength and eventually provokes structural failure.This work presents an experimental investigation on the effects of different patch and parent laminate stacking sequences on the enhancement of impact strength of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers(CFRP)composites by utilising the adhesively bonded external patch repair technique.Damage evolution study is also performed with the aid of Acoustic Emission(AE).Two different quasi-isotropic configurations were selected for the parent laminate,viz.,[45°/45°/0°/0°]s and[45°/0°/45°/0°]s.Quasi Static Indentation(QSI)test was performed on both the pristine laminates,and damage areas were detected by using the C-scan inspection technique.Damaged laminates were repaired by using a single-sided patch of two different configurations,viz.,[45°/45°/45°/45°]and[45°/0°/0°/45°],and employing a circular plug to fill the damaged hole.Four different combinations of repaired laminates with two configurations of each parent and patch laminate were produced,which were further subjected to the QSI test.The results reveal the effectiveness of the repair method,as all the repaired laminates show higher impact resistance compared to the respective pristine laminates.Patches of[45°/0°/0°/45°]configuration when repaired by taking[45°/45°/0°/0°]s and[45°/0°/45°/0°]s as parents exhibited 68%and 73%higher peak loads,respectively,than the respective pristine laminates.Furthermore,parent and patch of configuration[45°/0°/45°/0°]s and[45°/0°/0°/45°],respectively,attain the highest peak load,whereas[45°/45°/0°/0°]s and[45°/45°/45°/45°]combinations possess the most gradual decrease in the load.

A review on machinability of carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP)and glass fiber reinforced polymer(GFRP)composite materials

Fiber reinforced polymer(FRP) composite materials are heterogeneous and anisotropic materials that do not exhibit plastic deformation. They have been used in a wide range of contemporary applications particularly in space and aviation,automotive,maritime and manufacturing of sports equipment. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP) and glass fiber reinforced polymer(GFRP) composite materials,among other fiber reinforced materials,have been increasingly replacing conventional materials with their excellent strength and low specific weight properties. Their manufacturability in varying combinations with customized strength properties,also their high fatigue,toughness and high temperature wear and oxidation resistance capabilities render these materials an excellent choice in engineering applications.In the present review study,a literature survey was conducted on the machinability properties and related approaches for CFRP and GFRP composite materials. As in the machining of all anisotropic and heterogeneous materials,failure mechanisms were also reported in the machining of CFRP and GFRP materials with both conventional and modern manufacturing methods and the results of these studies were obtained by use of variance analysis(ANOVA),artificial neural networks(ANN) model,fuzzy inference system(FIS),harmony search(HS) algorithm,genetic algorithm(GA),Taguchi's optimization technique,multi-criteria optimization,analytical modeling,stress analysis,finite elements method(FEM),data analysis,and linear regression technique. Failure mechanisms and surface quality is discussed with the help of optical and scanning electron microscopy,and profilometry. ANOVA,GA,FEM,etc. are used to analyze and generate predictive models.

Toughness and Fracture Mechanism of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites

The fracture toughness of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composite(CFRP)was investigated through mode I and mode II shaped fracture system in this paper.A novel polyimide with trifluoromethyl groups and grafted nanosilica were used to modify epoxy resin.Effect of modified resin and unmodified resin on fracture toughness of CFRP was compared and discussed.Lay-up angles and thicknesses effects on fracture toughness of composites were also investigated.The fracture toughness of CFRP was obtained through double cantilever beam(DCB)and end notched flexure(ENF)tests.The results showed that the composites prepared by modified resin exhibited high fracture toughness compared with unmodified composites.The fracture toughness value of mode I increased from 1.83 kJ/m2 to 4.55 kJ/m2.The fracture toughness value of mode II increased from 2.30 kJ/m2 to 6.47 kJ/m2.

Porosity Effects on Interlaminar Fracture Behavior in Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites

Fiber-reinforced polymer composite materials have become materials of choice for manufacturing application due to their high specific stiffness, strength and fatigue life, low density and thermal expansion coefficient. However, there are some types of defects such as porosity that form during the manufacturing processes of composites and alter their mechanical behavior and material properties. In his study, hand lay-up was conducted to fabricate samples of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites with three different vacuum levels in order to vary porosity content. Nondestructive evaluation, destructive techniques and mechanical testing were conducted. Nondestructive evaluation results showed the trend in percentages of porosity through-thickness. Serial sectioning images revealed significant details about the composite’s internal structure such as the volume, morphology and distribution of porosity. Mechanical testing results showed that porosity led to a decrease in both Mode I static interlaminar fracture toughness and Mode I cyclic strain energy release rate fatigue life. The fractographic micrographs showed that porosity content increased as the vacuum decreased, and it drew a relationship between fracture mechanisms and mechanical properties of the composite under different modes of loading as a result of the porosity effects. Finally, in order to accurately quantify porosity percentages included in the samples of different vacuum levels, a comparison was made between the parameters and percentages resulted from the nondestructive evaluation and mechanical testing and the features resulted from fractography and serial sectioning.

Preparation of three-dimensional braided carbon fiber reinforced mullite composites from a sol with high solid content

To prepare the three-dimensional braided carbon fiber reinforced mullite （3D C/mullite） composites, an Al2O3-SiO2 solwith a solid content of 20% （mass fraction） and an Al2O3/SiO2 mass ratio of 2：1 was selected as the raw material. Characteristics andmullitization of the sol were analyzed throughly. It is found that the formation of mullite is basically completed at 1300℃ and thegel powders exhibit favorable sintering shrinkage. The 3D C/mullite composites without interfacial coating were fabricated throughthe route of vacuum impregnation-drying-heat treatment. Satisfied mechanical properties with a flexural strength of 241.2 MPa anda fracture toughness of 10.9 MPa·m1/2are obtained although the total porosity reaches 26.0%. Oxidation resistances of the compositesat 1200, 1400 and 1600 ℃ were investigated. Due to the further densification of matrix, the 3D C/mullite composites show tiny massloss and their mechanical properties are well retained after oxidation at 1600 ℃ for 30 min.

Orthogonal design of experiment and analysis of abrasive water jet cutting on carbon fiber reinforced composites

The carbon fiber reinforced composite is a new type of composite material with an excellent property in strength and elastic modulus,and has found extensive applications in aerospace,energy,automotive industry and so on.However,this composite has a strict requirement on processing techniques,for example,brittle damage or delamination often exists in conventional processing techniques.Abrasive water jet machining technology is a new type of green machining technique with distinct advantages such as high-energy and thermal distortion free.The use of abrasive water jet technique to process carbon fiber composite materials has become a popular trend since it can significantly improve the processing accuracy and surface quality of carbon fiber composite materials.However,there are too many parameters that affect the quality of an abrasive water jet machining.At present,few studies are carried out on the parameter optimization of such a machining process,which leads to the unstable quality of surface processing.In this paper,orthogonal design of experiment and regression analysis were employed to establish the empirical model between cutting surface roughness and machining process parameters.Then a verified model was used to optimize the machining process parameters for abrasive water jet cutting carbon fiber reinforced composites.

Parameters of static response of carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP) suspension cables

The feasibility of longer spans relies on the successful implementation of new high-strength light weight materials such as carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP). First, a dimensionless equilibrium equation and the corresponding compatibility equation are established to develop the cable force equation and cable displacement governing equation for suspension cables, respectively. Subsequently, the inextensible cable case is introduced. The formula of the Irvine parameter is considered and its physical interpretation as well as its relationship with the chord gravity stiffness is presented. The influences on the increment of cable force and displacement by λ2 and load ratio p′ are analyzed, respectively. Based on these assumptions and the analytical formulations, a 2000 m span suspension cable is utilized as an example to verify the proposed formulation and the responses of the relative increment of cable force and cable displacement under symmetrical and asymmetrical loads are studied and presented. In each case, the deflections resulting from elastic elongation or solely due to geometrical displacement are analyzed for the lower elastic modulus CFRP. Finally, in comparison with steel cables, the influences on the cable force equation and the governing displacement equation by span and rise span ratio are analyzed. Moreover, the influences on the static performance of suspension bridge by span and sag ratios are also analyzed. The substantive characteristics of the static performance of super span CFRP suspension bridges are clarified and the superiority and the characteristics of CFRP cable structure are demonstrated analytically.

CFRP及EWSS复合加固震损双层高架桥框架式桥墩恢复力模型研究

为研究碳纤维布(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer,CFRP)及外包型钢(Externally Wrapped Steel Section,EWSS)复合加固震损双层高架桥框架式桥墩的恢复力模型,对1榀原型对比试件、1榀无预损加固试件和2榀遭受不同地震损伤加固试件进行了低周往复加载破坏试验,获取了滞回曲线并提取骨架曲线,分析其滞回特性,提出一种弹性段和强化段为双折线、下降段为指数函数且考虑初始损伤的骨架曲线模型;采用试验数据回归拟合方法,定量描述了试件滞回曲线卸载刚度的退化规律,考虑了同级加载承载力退化和定点指向特征,建立了恢复力模型。研究结果表明:复合加固试件滞回曲线捏缩现象明显,呈倒S型,各滞回环分别相交于骨架曲线上正向、负向荷载为屈服荷载0.25倍的点,峰值荷载后EWSS产生包辛格效应;所提出的骨架曲线模型对中度震损和重度震损加固试件下降段指数函数的参数k建议取值分别为3.6和3.4;所建立的骨架曲线模型和恢复力模型计算结果与试验实测结果吻合较好,可为该类结构弹塑性地震反应分析提供依据。

侧向冲击荷载作用下CFRP型材-方钢管混凝土柱的动力响应

为了研究CFRP型材-方钢管混凝土固简柱的抗侧向冲击性能,采用水平撞击装置对3个CFRP型材-方钢管混凝土柱进行侧向冲击试验.根据柱的破坏模式、局部变形、整体变形及冲击力分析柱的动力响应,研究了CFRP型材、边界条件、冲击能量与冲击冲量对试件动力响应的影响规律.结果表明,CFRP型材-方钢管混凝土固简柱呈现弯曲破坏,具有良好的抗冲击性能,且随着支座约束能力的增大,抗侧向冲击性能增大.增加单位冲击冲量可使悬臂试件的峰值位移下降7%,而两端固支试件峰值位移仅变化1%.随着支座约束能力的下降,冲击冲量对试件变形的影响程度增大.在钢管混凝土固简试件中内置CFRP型材可使冲击位置处峰值位移下降9%,且降低程度随着支座约束能力的下降而增加.

氯盐干湿循环作用下表面开槽CFRP-混凝土界面抗剪性能试验

为探究氯盐干湿循环作用下表面开槽CFRP-混凝土界面抗剪性能,开展干湿循环(0 d、60 d和120 d)不同沟槽形状(矩形、正梯形和倒梯形)的单搭接拉伸剪切试验,研究失效模式和断裂能的变化及影响最大剪应力的因素,结合试验结果推导了考虑干湿循环的界面黏结滑移本构方程,并通过数值模拟验证其有效性。结果表明:随干湿循环进行,表面开槽法失效模式由CFRP断裂破坏转变为剥离破坏;120 d界面断裂能下降量较未开槽法减少60.04%~69.42%;正梯形组120 d最大剪应力相比其他表面开槽形状提升7.18%~9.48%。表面开槽法在氯盐干湿循环作用下具有较好的抗剪性能,建立的界面本构劣化方程适用于氯盐干湿循环作用下表面开槽CFRP-混凝土界面黏结性能的分析和模拟。

飞秒激光表面织构化对CFRP/2060铝锂合金高速激光连接接头剪切性能的影响

激光表面织构化作为提高异质结构接头剪切性能的有效手段,已广泛应用于碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)与金属材料激光连接领域中。采用波长515 nm的飞秒激光在2060铝锂合金表面制备微结构,采用能量密度分布均匀的矩形光斑实现CFRP和2060铝锂合金异质接头的高速光纤激光连接,探讨飞秒激光刻蚀深度、扫描线间距对异质结构接头剪切强度的影响规律。结果表明,通过飞秒激光织构化处理,异质接头剪切强度得到了大幅提升,接头破坏形式均为界面断裂和基体断裂的混合断裂模式。在激光功率5 kW、焊接速度高达3.6 m/min条件下,接头平均剪切强度可达35.7 MPa,是未经飞秒激光织构化接头的2.3倍。

极地低温下CFRP筋与混凝土黏结性能数值分析

为进一步了解极地低温下碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)筋与混凝土的黏结性能,在现有试验的基础上,采用ABAQUS软件建立考虑CFRP筋表面特征的数值模型,分析64种工况,研究低温下CFRP筋直径、肋高、肋宽与混凝土保护层厚度等参数对黏结性能的影响。结果表明:考虑CFRP筋表面特征的数值模型可以较好地表征CFRP筋与混凝土之间的应力传递,能够反映低温下CFRP筋与混凝土的损伤情况与黏结破坏机制;低温可显著提高CFRP筋-混凝土的黏结强度;在低温下,随着CFRP筋直径的增加,CFRP筋与混凝土的黏结强度降低,同时弱化了低温对黏结强度的增强效应;随着CFRP筋肋高的增加,CFRP筋-混凝土的低温黏结强度呈现先提高后降低的趋势,肋高为筋材直径8%时黏结强度达到最大值;CFRP筋肋宽的变化主要影响黏结滑移曲线的形状;相比常温试件,在低温下试件发生拔出破坏时的混凝土保护层厚度更大。

弯-剪-扭复合受力CFRP布加固RC梁抗扭性能细观数值分析

为了研究弯-剪-扭复合受力条件下碳纤维增强复合材料(carbon fiber reinforced polymer, CFRP)布加固钢筋混凝土(reinforced concrete, RC)梁的抗扭性能,建立体现混凝土材料非均质性、钢筋-混凝土黏结滑移关系和CFRP布-混凝土相互作用关系的细观数值分析模型。由于缺乏CFRP布加固RC梁在弯-剪-扭复合受力作用下失效破坏的典型物理试验,采用复合对比验证法对数值模型的合理性进行验证,即分别与单独受剪、单独受扭以及受弯-扭复合作用下RC梁和CFRP布加固RC梁的试验结果进行对比验证。进而,基于建立的细观数值分析模型探究了配纤率和扭弯比对CFRP布加固RC梁在弯-剪-扭复合受力作用下抗扭力学性能的影响。结果表明:1)采用CFRP布加固能够显著提高RC梁的峰值扭矩;2)随配纤率增加,RC梁损伤分布范围逐渐变大,CFRP布应变逐渐减小,梁整体峰值扭矩增大,但其增大幅度减小;3)随扭弯比增加,RC梁裂缝分布愈加集中,裂缝与水平方向夹角逐渐减小,梁整体峰值扭矩增大,CFRP布应变减小。建立的考虑弯-剪-扭复合受力作用的数值模拟方法可为后续研究复杂应力状态下CFRP布加固RC梁尺寸效应行为等奠定基础。

CFRP板纵向加固RC柱在水平低周循环荷载下的力学性能研究与应用

开发了一种纵向粘贴CFRP(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer,碳纤维增强复合材料)板的RC(Reinforced Concrete,钢筋混凝土)柱抗弯加固系统,该加固系统由纵向粘贴在柱表面的预制CFRP板和防止柱底CFRP板脱粘的混凝土加厚层组成.为研究纵向粘贴CFRP板对RC柱的抗弯性能影响,设计并开展了5根足尺矩形RC柱的水平低周循环加载试验.研究结果表明:粘贴CFRP板加固能有效延缓柱的开裂;柱的破坏模式得到明显改善;相较于未加固柱子,粘贴1层CFRP板和2层CFRP板加固的RC柱极限承载力分别提高了15.1%和17.4%;加固后柱的抗弯承载力和刚度得到提高,但增加CFRP板的层数对极限强度和刚度没有显著影响,反而会降低柱的延性,相较于仅采用增大柱底截面的方式加固的对照柱,粘贴1层CFRP板和2层CFRP板加固的试验柱的延性系数分别降低16.2%和35.1%;试验过程中,由于柱与基础节点承载力的限制,CFRP的最大应变仅达到极限应变的24%,抗拉强度未得到充分发挥.该加固方法已在某医院加固工程中得到应用,跟踪研究表明,加固后柱子的抗弯承载力有明显提升,加固方法得到工程业界的认可.

超声振动辅助磨削CFRP复合材料薄管撕裂损伤研究

针对碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)薄管超声振动辅助磨削过程中存在撕裂损伤且形成原因不明确的问题,通过对M55J和T300复合材料薄管开展超声振动辅助磨削试验,探究了超声振幅、进给量及主轴转速对磨削力和撕裂尺寸的影响规律,通过对磨削过程的受力分析和对最大未变形切屑厚度的计算,分析了撕裂位置的形成原因和撕裂尺寸的变化规律。结果表明:磨削力随超声振幅的增大而减小,随进给量的增大而增大,与主轴转速的关联性较小;撕裂易出现于CFRP薄管内壁,其长度与高度随超声振幅的增大而减小,随进给量的增大而增大,随主轴转速的增大而减小。

冰球和钨珠非正冲击下T800-CFRP层合板损伤特性的研究

通过试验和仿真相结合的方法研究了T800碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)层合板在冰球和钨珠非正冲击作用下的损伤特性。首先开展了冰球和钨珠在给定工况下高速撞击T800-CFRP层合板试验,以此对仿真模型的有效性进行验证;然后讨论了T800-CFRP层合板在两种冲击体以不同冲击能量与冲击角度作用下的损伤特性及其差异性。研究表明:钨珠在冲击能量较低时就能对层合板造成穿孔损伤,但随着冲击能量增大层合板的损伤程度呈下降趋势;冰球对层合板造成损伤的冲击能量阈值与钨珠的相比要高很多,且随着冲击能量的增加损伤程度明显加剧;钨珠在冲击角度为45°和60°时造成的损伤与正冲击的情况相比要更加严重,而冲击角度为30°时造成的损伤却小于正冲击的情况;冰球冲击时,层合板的损伤程度随冲击角度的增加而减小。该研究有助于深化对T800-CFRP层合板在冲击载荷作用下的损伤与破坏行为的认识,具有重要的科学意义和工程应用价值。

锪窝圆角半径对CFRP/Al机械连接结构力学性能影响

碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)和铝合金(Al)因其优异的机械/物理性能,广泛应用于新一代商用飞机.CFRP/Al沉头螺栓连接结构是重要的连接形式,其中锪窝圆角半径影响了机械连接性能.研究中设计制造不同锪窝圆角的钻锪一体刀具对锪窝圆角尺寸进行控制,并采用基于复合材料渐进损伤模型的有限元仿真方法对不同锪窝圆角半径连接结构力学性能进行仿真和试验研究,分析了CFRP/Al叠层机械连接失效机理.结果表明,利用钻锪一体锪窝钻头可以有效控制锪窝圆角;锪窝位于CFRP层相比于位于铝合金层有着更大的极限强度;CFRP和铝合金材料均在锪窝圆角半径为1.0 mm时具有最大的极限载荷,即锪窝圆角略大于螺栓圆角有利于获得更好的机械连接性能.

车用CFRP层压圆柱壳冲击损伤分析及最小穿透能量预测

为了探究碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)在汽车曲面零部件上的应用前景,该文以碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)层压圆柱壳作为对象,研究其在落锤冲击工况下的损伤与吸能特性。基于复合材料均质化方法,建立CFRP层压圆柱壳落锤冲击的多尺度模型,探究曲率半径对冲击损伤和能量吸收的影响;并采用非线性拟合方法建立了最小穿透能量与层压圆柱壳材料参数、结构参数及落锤参数之间的函数关系,实现概念设计阶段最小穿透能量的快速预测,对比仿真结果拟合公式的误差在20%以内。结果表明:相较于平板,层压圆柱壳的峰值载荷宽度更大、更平稳。在60 J冲击作用下,层压圆柱壳各铺层损伤面积相对均匀,其中纤维损伤与曲率半径无关,基体损伤面积随曲率半径增大而增大;当曲率半径为100 mm时,层压壳承载及抵抗变形能力较好,具有较好的抗冲击性;当曲率半径为200 mm时,层压壳耗散能量最多,吸能效果较好。