Square concrete columns strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced plastics sheets at low temperatures

Twenty-one square concrete columns were constructed and tested. The testing results indicate that bonded carbon fiber reinforced plastics(CFRP) sheets can be used to increase the strength and improve the serviceability of damaged concrete columns at low temperatures. The failure of the specimens,in most cases,takes place within the middle half of the columns. And the failure of strengthened columns is sudden and explosive. The CFRP sheets increase both the axial load capacity and the ultimate concrete compressive strain of the columns. The ultimate loads of strengthened columns at-10,0 and 10 ℃ increase averagely by 9.09%,6.63% and 17.83%,respectively,as compared with those of the control specimens. The axial compressive strength of strengthened columns is related to the curing temperatures. The improvement of axial compressive strength decreases with reducing temperature,and when the temperature drops to a certain value,the improvement increases with falling temperature.

Experimental Study on Electric Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Concrete

According to the phenomenon that the physical properties have,a great effect on the electric capability of carbon fiber reinforced concrete, the author researched the relationship between DC resistance of carbon fiber reinforced concrete and curing age using the two-probe method. Then the effect of insulative area, location and quantity on DC resistance of carbon fiber reinforced concrete was investigated at different curing age with analysis of hydration. The results suggest that DC resistance increases greatly with its curing age, which illustrates the relationship like Gaussian curve. In every curing ages the electric capability of carbon fiber reinforced concrete weakenes with the increase of insulative area. In same curing ages, section and insulative area, the more the quantity of insulation, the stronger the conductibility. The insulative location in optimal position can only result in optimal conductibility.

Flexural rigidity evolvement laws of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with carbon fiber laminates

Extensive research has shown that externally bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer （CFRP） laminates are particularly suitable for improving the fatigue behavior of reinforced concrete （RC） beams. This paper presents the research on flexural ngidity evolvement laws by testing 14 simple-supported RC beams strengthened with carbon fiber laminates （CFL） under cyclic load, and 2 under monotone load as a reference. The cyclic load tests revealed the peak load applied onto the surface of a supported RC beam strengthened with CFL is linear to the logarithm of its fatigue life, and the flexural rigidity evolvement undergoes three distinct phases： a rapid decrease from the start to about 5% of the fatigue life; an even development from .5% to about 99% of the fatigue life; and a succedent rapid decrease to failure. When the ratio of fatigue ＂cycles to the fatigue life is within 0.0.5 to 0.99, the flexural rigidity varies linearly with the ratio. The peak load does not affect the flexural rigidity evolvement if it is not high enough to make the main reinforcements yield. The dependences of the flexural rigidity of specimens formed in the same group upon their fatigue cycles normalized by fatigue life are almost coincident. This implies the flexural rigidity may be a material parameter independent of the stress level. These relationships of flexural rigidity to fatigue cycles, and fatigue life may be able to provide some hints for fatigue design and fatigue life evaluation of RC member strengthened with CFL; nevertheless the findings still need verifying by more experiments.

Shear strengthening of pre-damaged reinforced concrete beams with carbon fiber reinforced polymer sheet strips

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation on the response of pre-damaged reinforced concrete （RC） beam strengthened in shear using applied-epoxy unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced polymer （CFRP） sheet. The reasearch included four test rectangular simply supported RC beams in shear capacity. One is the control beam, two RC beams are damaged to a predetermined degree from ultimate shear capacity of the control beam, and the last beam is left without pre-damaged and then strengthened with using externally bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer to upgrade their shear capacity. We focused on the damage degree to beams during strengthening, therefore, only the beams with sidebonded CFRPs strips and horizontal anchored strips were used. The results show the feasibility of using CFRPs to restore or increase the load-carrying capacity in the shear of damaged RC beams. The failure mode of all the CFRP-strengthened beams is debonding of CFRP vertical strips. Two prediction available models in AC1-440 and fib European code were compared with the experimental results.

Detecting the Resistivity Distribution of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Concrete by Electrical Resistance Tomography Method

According to the principle of electrical resistance tomography （ ERT）, the resistivity distribution of the carbon fiber reinforced concrete （CFRC） in the sensing field can be measured by injecting exciting current and measuring the voltage on the sensor electrode arrays installed on the surface of the object. Therefore, measurement of the resistivity distribution of CFRC is divided into first measuring the boundary conditions and then inversely computing the resistivity distribution. To reach this goal, an ERT system was constructed, which is composed of a sensor array unit, a data acquisition unit and an image reconstruction unit. Simulations of static ERT was performed on set-ups with many objects spread in a homogeneous background, and a simulation of dynamic ERT was also done on a rectangular board, the resistivity of which was changed within a small domain of it. Then, the resistivity distribution of a CFRC sample with a circlar hole as the target was detected by the ERT system. Simulation and experimental results show that the reconstructed ERT image reflects the resistivity distribution or the resistivity change of CFRC structure well. Especially, a small change in resistivity can be identified from the reconstructed images in the simulation of dynamic ERT images.

Investigating Some Parameters Affecting Flexural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Laminate

In this paper,the influence of some important parameters affecting the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with one layer of carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP)laminate has been studied.For this purpose,six reinforced concrete beams were cast and tested in the laboratory.Based on the obtained data,when CFRP laminate is applied to the tension face,too close to the steel rebar,the flexural strength of the strengthened beam is reduced.In general,the performance of the beam strengthened with one wide CFRP strip is better than that strengthened with two equivalent narrow strips.Ultimate load capacity of each strengthened beam was calculated based on the method given by the ACI 440.2R and compared with the test one.It is concluded that,to avoid the steel rebar-CFRP laminate interaction effect,the CFRP laminate depth-to-the effective depth ratio(df/d)should not be smaller than about 1.17.

Durability of concrete beams reinforced with CFRP sheet under wet-dry cycles and loading

The test results of eight concrete beams reinforced with carbon fiber reinforced polymer （CFRP） sheets subjected to an aggressive environment under a sustained load are presented. The beams are 1 700 mm long with a rectangular cross-section of 120- mm width and 200-mm depth. The beams are precracked with a four-point flexural load, bonded CFRP sheets, and placed into wet-dry saline water（ NaCl） either in an unstressed state or loaded to about 30% or 60% of the initial ultimate load. The individual and coupled effects of wet-dry saline water and sustained bending stresses on the long term behaviour of concrete beams reinforced with the CFRP are investigated. The test results show that the coupled action of wet-dry saline water and sustained bending stresses appears to significantly affect the load capacity and the failure mode of beam strengthened with CFRP, mainly due to the degradation of the bond between CFRP and concrete. However, the stiffness is not affected by the coupled action of wet-dry cycles and a sustained load.

Experimental study on slender reinforced concrete columns wrapped with CFRP

By axial compression tests on 6 reinforced concrete slender columns wrapped with carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP),with slenderness ratio(SR) from 4.5 to 17.5,the results show that when SR increases the retrofitting effect declines. In the case of same SR,the stability coefficient (SC) for the reinforced concrete(RC) columns with CFRP is much less than that without CFRP. There is 20% increase of stable bearing capacity to the former as compared with the latter when the SR in less than 17.5. The study summarized the simplified formula for SC,which provides a reference for engineering designers.

Shear capacity of reinforced concrete columns strengthened with CFRP sheet

This paper discusses the results of tests on the shear capacity of reinforced concrete columns strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) sheet. The shear transfer mechanism of the specimens reinforced with CFRP sheet was studied. The factors affecting the shear capacity of reinforced concrete columns strengthened with CFRP sheet were analyzed. Several sug-gestions such as the number of layers, width and tensile strength of the CFRP sheet are proposed for this new strengthening technique. Finally, a simple and practical design method is presented in the paper. The calculated results of the suggested method are shown to be in good agreement with the test results. The suggested design method can be used in evaluating the shear capacity of reinforced concrete columns strengthened with CFRP sheet.

Influence of Carbon Fiber Contents on the Temperature Sensibility of CFRC Road Material

The relationship between the electrical resistivity of carbon fiber reinforced concrete(CFRC) containing different carbon fiber contents and temperature was studied.it is found that carbon fiber contents influence greatly on the temperature sensibility of CFRC road material.Only with a certain amount of carbon fiber can CFRC show a sensitive and stable temperature sensibility.

Experimental Investigation on the Properties of Recycled Concrete Using Hybrid Fibers

Due to the inherent property of concrete being very weak in tension, efforts have been made to overcome this deficiency by adding various type of fibers like carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP), glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP), polypropylene fiber (PPF) and stainlesssteel fiber (SSF) smeared into the concrete mix. The present study involves experimental investigation on the use of GFRP, CFRP and SSF fibers alone or as combination to improve the mechanical properties of concrete. Furthermore, concrete cylinders were cast and tested for compression and tension using 10% fly ash as cement replacement in all specimens. Besides fiber material types, fiber reinforcement ratios of 1% and 1.5% were tested to investigate the mechanical properties of concrete. In all concrete cylinder tests, the fiber reinforcement ratio of 1% had a significant contribution in increasing the tensile strength as oppose to compressive strength. As a result, the tensile and compressive strengths were increased by 26% and 11%, respectively as compared to the control specimen. Increasing the fiber reinforcement ratio from 1% to 1.5%, resulted in diminishing the mechanical properties of concrete. However, reduction in concrete compressive strength was more prominent than the tensile strength. Furthermore, it was observed that, the crack propagation was decreased with the increase of fiber content when compared to the control specimen.

Numerical simulation and experimental study on electrothermal properties of carbon/glass fiber hybrid textile reinforced concrete

Carbon/glass fiber hybrid textile reinforced concrete is a relatively new composite material with good mechanical capacity and excellent electrical conductivity.Both small-scale slab heating experiments and numerical simulation are presented in this paper.Temperature variation curves obtained during heating indicate the effects of environmental temperature,heat-conducting layer thickness and electric heating power.Comparison of temperature rising between the situations with and without thermal isolation layer is given as well.The results indicate that the textile can form a good conductive heating network and generate enough heat to raise the temperature in the concrete when connected to a power supply,while the resistance of the slab remains stable during the heating.Numerical results are in good accordance with the experiments.Real time snow-melting experiment was conducted to verify the feasibility of deicing.The electrothermal properties of textile can be utilized for deicing and snow melting in a safe,environmentally friendly and efficient way.

碳纤维增强水泥基复合材料(CFRC)的电学特性

综述了碳纤维增强水泥基复合材料(CFRC)电学特性的研究进展,探讨了CFRC的电磁屏蔽性能和导电性能研究中的相关问题,阐述了原材料、配合比和表面处理对CFRC电磁屏蔽性能的影响,明确了碳纤维分散性和试验方法对CFRC导电性能的影响规律以及CFRC在工程结构中的应用状况,展望了CFRC的发展方向,指出碳纤维分散性、测试方法、温度和应力等多因素条件是CFRC电学特性将来的研究重点。

碳纤维增强水泥基复合材料(CFRC)的压敏特性

论述了碳纤维增强水泥基复合材料(CFRC)压敏特性的研究进展,阐析了CFRC具有压敏特性的机理,明确了组成材料、成型工艺和加载方式等对CFRC压敏特性的影响规律,分析了应力条件下CFRC的压敏特性及其在结构健康监测中的应用,展望了CFRC压敏特性的发展与应用方向,提出了CFRC压敏特性的研究重点.

利用CFRC的导电性评估混凝土结构修补质量

研究了利用碳纤维增强混凝土(CFRC)的导电性对混凝土结构修补质量进行在线评估的可行性,根据敷在服役混凝土结构上CFRC导电性能的变化,判断新旧混凝土界面的粘结质量,并通过CFRC导热性能的差异进行了验证。文中的研究在对修补混凝土结构的同时,为混凝土结构修补质量的监测和在线评估提供了新的方法。

CFRC抗弯试件的灵敏度

对CFRC抗弯试件进行了试验分析,探讨了不同载荷工况下CFRC抗弯试件的电阻变化规律。结果表明:CFRC抗弯试件上层电阻随载荷的增加先减小后增大,下层电阻随载荷的增加而增大;在重复载荷作用下,CFRC抗弯试件受拉区电阻不断增大,受压区电阻先减小后增大,残余电阻的存在反映了试件内部存在损伤和损伤积累;在交变载荷作用下,碳纤维混凝土试件的电阻随着载荷周期次数的增加而增大,直至破坏;试件电极形式不同,电阻变化规律也不同。

CFRC三向受压状态下力学及电学性能试验

目的针对三向受压状态下CFRC(碳纤维混凝土)力学量与电学量的关系进行试验研究,为将碳纤维混凝土应用于道路测重提供参考.方法在变化的竖向荷载作用下,对三向受压碳纤维混凝土试块作单次加载至破坏以及循环加载试验.试验时,将碳纤维混凝土试块与一个电阻串联接入直流回路,记录试块所受荷载与试块两端的电压值,并利用电学中的分压公式,得出随着荷载变化而变化的试块电阻值,进而得到试块所受竖向荷载与其电阻变化率ΔR/R0之间的关系.结果处于弹性阶段及弹塑性阶段的碳纤维混凝土试块,在单次加载及循环加载过程中,荷载不断升高时,ΔR/R0不断减小,而荷载不断减小时,ΔR/R0不断增大,试块所受竖向荷载与其电阻变化率ΔR/R0之间具有很好的对应性,说明ΔR/R0的变化可以反映荷载的变化.结论处于三向受压状态的碳纤维混凝土具有良好的压敏性,应用于道路测重系统具有可行性.

内埋CFRC材料的混凝土梁的应变主动调节

利用碳纤维水泥基(CFRC)材料的电热效应,通过对埋置于普通混凝土梁中的CFRC材料通电加热后产生的热膨胀可以实现对混凝土梁应变或挠度变形的主动调节和控制.实验验证了这个方案的可行性.根据弹性力学推导的理论值与混凝土梁挠度变形实测值非常吻合.通过改变内埋CFRC材料的输入功率和通电时间可以控制CFRC材料的升温速率和终点温度,继而控制混凝土梁的变形速率和最大变形值.

CFRC抗弯试件的机敏性能试验研究

碳纤维具有良好的导电性,且其电阻率变化与所处应力场具有稳定的对应关系。在混凝土结构中构造一定厚度的碳纤维增强混凝土机敏层,并通过实时监测电阻率变化,可对结构的实时荷载和损伤程度进行预报。本研究中设计了碳纤维混凝土与混凝土层合型构造,研究了静载、反复荷载作用下,上缘碳纤维增强混凝土层和下缘碳纤维增强混凝土层的电阻变化规律,得出了以电阻率变化表征构件力学状态的碳纤维增强混凝土的压敏和拉敏规律。

磁选粉煤灰对CFRC压敏性的影响

改善碳纤维增强水泥(CFRC)的压敏性有助于提高其感知应力应变的能力。采用两电极法研究了磁选粉煤灰部分取代水泥对CFRC压敏性的影响,分析了磁选粉煤灰掺量、铁氧化物含量等因素影响CFRC压敏性的规律及机理。结果表明,碳纤维质量掺量≤0.8%时,用铁氧化物含量达到30%的磁选粉煤灰取代20%～30%的水泥来制备CFRC时可以显著改善CFRC的压敏性;碳纤维质量掺量为1.2%时,掺加磁选粉煤灰不利于提高CFRC的压敏性;磁选粉煤灰对采用最大长度为3和5mm的碳纤维制备的CFRC的压敏性具有显著改善效果。掺加适量磁选粉煤灰使CFRC在碳纤维掺量较低时仍然可以获得良好压敏性,并显著降低CFRC的制备成本。