Stimulation of Rare Earths in Quartz Optical Fiber Surface Metallization by Electroless Plating and Electroplating

This research aims to use several kind of rare earth oxides, such as Nd2O3, Yb2O3, Ce2O3 and La2O3, to improve the electroless plating and electroplating processes for surface metallization of quartz optical fiber (silicon fiber) for its practical uses. The effects of the rare earth oxides on the deposition rate of Ni-P-B, the stability of the plating solution and the surface property of the film were investigated and the comparisons of their behaviours were made. The effects of rare earth oxide of La2O3 on the hardness and surface property of the Ni film prepared by electroplating process were studied. The surface morphonogies, compositions and hardness of the Ni-P-B and Ni films were characterized and analyzed by SEM, MSM, ICP and DIMHM, respectively. The experimental results showed that Ce2O3 with the concentration of 4 mg·L-1 was the best one among the four rare earth oxides with suitable concentrations in increasing the deposition rate, enhancing the stability of the electroless plating solution and improving the surface property of the Ni-P-B film. The improvements of the hardness and surface property of the Ni film prepared by electroplating with adding La2O3 were discovered. No obvious influences of Ce2O3 and La2O3 on the compositions of Ni-P-B and Ce free in the Ni-P-B film were found because of its much more nagative deposition potential than those of the used reducing agents in this experiment. The total diameter of the quartz optical fiber with deposited Ni-P-B film and Ni film was about 1.7 mm, which could be satisfactorily for the practical uses of quartz optical fiber in many fields.

Electroless nickel plating on the surface of carbon fibers

The electroless nickel plating on the surface of carbon fibers was prepared by pretreating the carbon fibers in order to increase their conductivity,and consequently enhance the EMI shielding effectiveness of the composites.The relationship between the performance of depositing coat and pH value,temperature,reaction time and the way of agitation was studied.Results show that the depositing quality is stable under pH between 4.5 and 5.0,temperature between 75 ℃ and 85 ℃,reaction time for 10 min and air agitation.The uniform and compact nickel layer deposited on carbon fibers was proved by XRD and SEM,and the electrical resistivity of carbon fibers with nickel coating was tested.Results indicate that the electrical resistivity of carbon fibers with electroless nickel plating is decreased by an order of magnitude compared with that of carbon fibers.It means that nickel coating can greatly improve the electromagnetic interference shielding properties of carbon fibers.

Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Properties of Electroless Nickel-coated Carbon Fiber Paper Reinforced Epoxy Composites

Carbon fibers（CFs） were coated with a nickel-phosphorus（Ni-P） film using an electroless plating process. The morphology, elemental composition and phases in the coating layer of the CFs were investigated by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, energy dispersive spectroscopy（EDS） and X-ray diffraction（XRD）, respectively. Wet paper-making method was used to prepare nickle coated carbon fiber paper（NCFP）. Vacuum assisted infusion molding process（VAIMP） was employed to manufacture the NCFP reinforced epoxy composites, and carbon fiber paper（CFP） reinforced epoxy composites were also produced as a comparison. Electromagnetic interference（EMI） shielding properties of the composites were measured in the 3.22-4.9 GHz frequency range using waveguide method. Both NCFP and CFP reinforced epoxy composites of 0.5 mm thickness exhibited high EMI shielding effectiveness（SE） at 8wt% fiber content, 35 d B and 30 d B, respectively, and reflection was the dominant shielding mechanism.

Surface Modification with Carbon Fiber for the Metallization of Polyether-ether-ketone

The poly-ether-ether-ketone(PEEK)polymer is a semi-crystalline aromatic thermoplastic with outstanding features,such as superior mechanical properties,thermal stability,radiation resistance and excellent chemical and hydrolysis resistance.However,PEEK exhibits a high volume resistivity(1014Ω·m)and surface resistance(1015Ω).This limits its use in the electronics and electromagnetic field.To decrease the resistivity and reduce the thermal expansion of composite materials,this paper modified the PEEK with carbon fiber(CF)and metalized the composites with the electroless Ni-P alloy plating through self-catalyzed deposition,which brings about high conductivity,thermal conductivity,high-temperature weldability resistance and high-low temperature resistance property.The composites and metal coatings were characterized by metallurgical microscope,SEM,and resistance tester.The metal coatings have a uniform surface and low surface resistance less than 10 mΩ~20 mΩ.The thermal shock test at 250°C and the-70°C^100°C high-low temperature environment test were measured.Compared with the electroless plating on unmodified peek,there is no bump and crack,etc.after testing,which shows a good adhesion between the metal coatings and PEEK-CF,high-low temperature resistance as well as high temperature weldability.The researches on the modification of PEEK by carbon fiber and its surface metallization provide technical support for the application of PEEK Composites in radar antenna and other electronic fields.

Studies on copper coating on carbon fibers

The weak interface bonding of metal matrix reinforced by carbon fibers is the central problem of fabricating such composites. Depositing copper coating on carbon fibers is regarded as a feasible method to solve the problem. In this paper, copper coating has been deposited on the fibers through both electroless deposition and electroplating methods. Two kinds of complexing agents and two stabilizing agents are taken during the electroless plating process. The solution is stable, and little extraneous component is absorbed on the surface. After adding additive agents and increasing the concentration of H2SO4 to the acid cupric sulfate electrolyte, the "black core" during usual electroplating process is avoided. The quality of copper coating is analyzed using SEM and XRD, etc.

碳纤维无钯化学镀银工艺研究

为了替代传统的含钯敏化活化工艺,实现碳纤维表面无钯化学镀银,选择安全环保的多巴胺溶液来活化碳纤维。利用多巴胺溶液独特的自氧化聚合功能,首先采用浸泡法在碳纤维表面形成聚多巴胺活化层,然后以硝酸银为主盐,葡萄糖为还原剂,直接在碳纤维表面化学镀银。文中研究了硝酸银质量浓度、葡萄糖质量浓度、装载量对银的利用率和导电性的影响,并采用SEM和EDS对镀层表面形貌和成分进行分析。结果表明:多巴胺溶液活化碳纤维后,可以直接在碳纤维表面化学镀银。在固定反应温度50℃,反应时间1 h条件下,硝酸银质量浓度为15 g/L,葡萄糖质量浓度为30 g/L,装载量为4 g/L时溶液中银利用率最高,利用率可高达71.5%。所制备的镀银碳纤维的体积电阻率为0.74 mΩ·cm,银镀层致密均匀、无脱落现象。

碳纤维化学镀银工艺

采用以氨水和乙二胺为复合配位剂,葡萄糖和酒石酸钾钠为复合还原剂的镀液对碳纤维表面化学镀银。研究了镀液中AgNO_(3)、葡萄糖和KOH的质量浓度对碳纤维化学镀银后增重率的影响。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了碳纤维在不同工序后的表面形貌和元素组成。结果表明,当AgNO_(3)质量浓度为14 g/L、葡萄糖质量浓度为8 g/L、KOH质量浓度为7 g/L时,碳纤维的增重率最高,达125.4%,镀层均匀、连续地覆盖于碳纤维表面,厚度约为0.305μm。

碳纤维表面连续电镀镍工艺研究

本文主要针对影响碳纤维表面连续电镀的相关关键工艺因素进行了试验研究。结果表明:在高温下对碳纤维表面进行去胶和除油预处理的基础上,合理匹配电镀液的电流密度、温度、主盐浓度和添加剂浓度等工艺参数,通过连续电镀在碳纤维表面可以获得致密光亮的金属Ni/Ag镀层,导电性能良好,对推动碳纤维作为电磁屏蔽复合材料的增强型填料工程化应用具有重要的意义。

连续碳纤维表面金属化

以硫酸铜为主盐,以甲醛为还原剂,研究了连续碳纤维表面化学镀铜的工艺过程,包括pH值、络合剂质量浓度、添加剂质量浓度和还原剂体积分数对化学镀的影响.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)检测了化学镀镀层的表面形貌、成分,利用溶解法测定了镀层厚度.结果表明,碳纤维镀前预处理非常重要,不仅能够防止“黑心”现象的出现,而且在碳纤维表面形成以Ag为中心的活性吸附区;在实验所得到的连续碳纤维镀铜工艺参数基础上进行碳纤维表面镀铜,镀层均匀,机械性能好,不易剥落,而且镀液稳定.

ABS塑料电镀的高锰酸钾前处理工艺

传统的铬酸粗化对环境有污染。采用高锰酸钾代替铬酸粗化ABS塑料,在塑料基体上化学镀镍后电镀铜镍,讨论了粗化时间、温度和高锰酸钾浓度对化学镀镍层质量的影响,并以化学镀镍层的表面状态和结合力为评价标准,确定了高锰酸钾粗化的最佳工艺。结果表明:20g/L高锰酸钾,粗化温度70℃,粗化时间40min时的粗化效果最优;所得铜镍镀层光亮、均匀,达到GB/T12610-90质量要求;高锰酸钾最佳粗化工艺下粗化效果良好,可满足生产要求,且对环境污染小,具有广阔的应用前景。

碳纤维表面化学镀镍前处理工艺研究

碳纤维表面化学镀镍前处理的目的是获得适合于化学镀的洁净催化过渡表面，是获得良好镀层的必要条件。重点研究了碳纤维表面化学镀镍前处理的去胶和粗化过程，去胶采用400℃灼烧20min的工艺效果最好，选用过硫酸铵和硫酸的混合液作为粗化液，扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）分析表明，粗化液温度30-40℃，粗化时间80min得到的镀层很致密。

碳纤维表面化学镀镍的研究进展

综述了化学镀镍的基本原理,介绍了碳纤维表面的活化处理方法(如敏化-活化法、胶体钯活化法和离子钯活化法)和碳纤维表面化学镀镍工艺,详细讨论了有机前躯体碳纤维、气相生长碳纤维、碳纳米管的化学镀镍的发展现状和最新进展及其应用前景,总结了碳纤维表面化学镀镍存在的具体问题和未来发展的趋势。采用化学镀工艺能明显改善碳纤维表面的性质,扩大其应用领域,是一种很有前途的改性方法。

镁及镁合金电镀与化学镀

介绍了镁及镁合金电镀与化学镀工艺流程、浸锌及直接化学镀镍等前处理工艺 ,以及已应用于镁及镁合金上的各种镀层。同时 ,对电镀及化学镀在镁及镁合金上的应用和发展状况作了简要评述。

碳纤维表面化学镀银工艺研究

为了制备新型无源干扰材料,并简化碳纤维表面化学镀银的工艺流程,以葡萄糖+酒石酸为还原剂,采用直接法对碳纤维表面进行了化学镀银。考察了碳纤维预处理及镀液配制工艺等因素对镀层质量的影响,采用SEM及X射线能谱分析仪分析了镀银碳纤维结构,并对镀银碳纤维的导电性能进行了测试。结果表明,采用该方法得到的镀银碳纤维具有均匀致密、结合强度高、体积电阻率小等特点。

碳纤维表面化学镀铜工艺的优化

以甲醛为还原剂对碳纤维表面进行化学镀铜,利用正交实验对碳纤维化学镀铜工艺进行了优化,研究了施镀时间与镀层厚度及导电性之间的关系,确定了较理想的化学镀铜工艺。结果表明,采用优化后的碳纤维化学镀铜工艺制得的镀铜碳纤维镀覆均匀,光泽性好,镀层结合力强,导电性能显著提高。

硫酸盐酸性镀液中碳纤维电镀铜

针对在硫酸铜酸性镀铜液中碳纤维电镀出现的镀层粗糙、“黑心”等问题,研究了纤维预处理、镀液成分和电解规范对镀层的影响,确定了合适的碳纤维电镀铜工艺.预处理采用空气高温氧化和硝酸粗化氧化,SEM和XPS分析显示,预处理后碳纤维表面粗糙度增加,并且存在大量亲水性含氧官能团.讨论了镀液中游离硫酸浓度、有机添加剂及Cl-等对镀铜层质量的影响,并采用SEM,XRD等方法考察了镀层质量.结果表明,在CuSO460g/L,H2SO4180g/L镀液中加入适量2-巯基苯并咪唑、乙撑硫脲和聚二硫二丙烷磺酸钠等添加剂,控制Cl-含量20～60mg/L,以及选择合适的工艺参数,可以在碳纤维表面得到均匀、平整、与纤维结合紧密的镀铜层.

粉末冶金法炭纤维/Mg复合材料的界面对其力学性能的影响

采用表面化学镀镍前后的短炭纤维(Cf)做为增强体,纯镁粉为基体金属,通过粉末冶金法和热挤压制备镁基复合材料。采用SEM-EDS、TEM、XRD和拉伸等测试手段表征短炭纤维增强镁基复合材料的微观形貌、元素组成、物相组成及其力学性能。结果表明:炭纤维在复合材料中分布均匀且沿挤压方向定向排列;采用经过表面化学镀镍处理的短炭纤维与金属镁复合后界面结合状态优良,M g2N i物相的存在表明润湿性的改善是通过金属镁与涂层发生反应而实现;对比屈服强度测试值和理论计算值的大小,表明涂层炭纤维增强镁基复合材料的增强机理主要是界面载荷传递效应。

碳纤维化学镀镍工艺参数的优化研究

研究了镀液pH值、施镀温度及施镀时间等工艺参数对碳纤维化学镀镍层厚度的影响,并研究了施镀时间与镀镍碳纤维导电性之间的关系,最终得出了较理想的碳纤维化学镀镍工艺参数。结果表明,采用优化后的工艺参数施镀,所得镀镍碳纤维镀覆均匀、光泽性好、镀层结合力强,导电性显著提高。

化学镀铜前碳纤维预处理的研究

碳纤维具有疏水性和表面惰性,很难直接镀铜。为此,研究了碳纤维表面的预处理工艺、条件等技术参数。结果表明:高温灼烧除胶、过硫酸铵氧化、氯化银活化较好地改善了碳纤维的疏水性,大大提高了碳纤维表面的粗糙度,使碳纤维表面具有了催化活性。预处理后的碳纤维进行化学镀铜,其镀层光亮、均匀、致密,与基体的结合力较好。

化学镀碳纤维增强镁铝尖晶石基复合材料的研究

通过化学镀方法,在碳纤维表面分别镀上Ni、Cu和Cu+Ni镀层,然后与镁铝尖晶石陶瓷复合,制备表面改性碳纤维增强镁铝尖晶石基复合材料,研究各种碳纤维的含量对复合材料性能的影响规律。结果表明,表面改性碳纤维可以进一步提高材料性能,尤其是铜镍复合镀碳纤维的效果更好,其抗弯强度可达基体抗弯强度的2.19倍,断裂韧度可达基体断裂韧度的2.84倍,复合材料的线收缩率和孔隙率变化不大。