Critical Thrust Force Forecasting for Drilling Exit Delamination of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastics

Exit delamination is excessive drilling thrust force.Therefore,it is necessary to investigate the critical thrust force which cause exit delamination when carbon fibre reinforced plastics(CRFP)is drilled.According to the linear elastic fracture mechanics,the mechanics of composite material and the classical thin plate bending theory,a common theoretical model of the critical drilling thrust force for CFRP plates is established.Compared with the experimental data of previous studies,the results show that the theoretical values agree well with the experimental values.This model can be used to forecast the critical thrust force for the drilling-induced delamination of CFRP.

侧向冲击荷载作用下CFRP型材-方钢管混凝土柱的动力响应

为了研究CFRP型材-方钢管混凝土固简柱的抗侧向冲击性能,采用水平撞击装置对3个CFRP型材-方钢管混凝土柱进行侧向冲击试验.根据柱的破坏模式、局部变形、整体变形及冲击力分析柱的动力响应,研究了CFRP型材、边界条件、冲击能量与冲击冲量对试件动力响应的影响规律.结果表明,CFRP型材-方钢管混凝土固简柱呈现弯曲破坏,具有良好的抗冲击性能,且随着支座约束能力的增大,抗侧向冲击性能增大.增加单位冲击冲量可使悬臂试件的峰值位移下降7%,而两端固支试件峰值位移仅变化1%.随着支座约束能力的下降,冲击冲量对试件变形的影响程度增大.在钢管混凝土固简试件中内置CFRP型材可使冲击位置处峰值位移下降9%,且降低程度随着支座约束能力的下降而增加.

飞秒激光表面织构化对CFRP/2060铝锂合金高速激光连接接头剪切性能的影响

激光表面织构化作为提高异质结构接头剪切性能的有效手段,已广泛应用于碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)与金属材料激光连接领域中。采用波长515 nm的飞秒激光在2060铝锂合金表面制备微结构,采用能量密度分布均匀的矩形光斑实现CFRP和2060铝锂合金异质接头的高速光纤激光连接,探讨飞秒激光刻蚀深度、扫描线间距对异质结构接头剪切强度的影响规律。结果表明,通过飞秒激光织构化处理,异质接头剪切强度得到了大幅提升,接头破坏形式均为界面断裂和基体断裂的混合断裂模式。在激光功率5 kW、焊接速度高达3.6 m/min条件下,接头平均剪切强度可达35.7 MPa,是未经飞秒激光织构化接头的2.3倍。

剪力滞对CFRP板-钢梁加固界面应力的影响

为了分析工字钢梁弯曲变形产生的剪力滞效应对黏结层法向应力和切应力的影响,基于虚功原理的能量变分法建立考虑剪力滞的碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)加固梁黏结应力计算理论方程.通过与试验和有限元数值模拟结果的对比,验证了理论方程的正确性.开展不同弯矩作用下的工字型钢梁黏结层界面切应力和法向应力参数分析.结果表明,剪力滞引起的翼缘板纵向位移沿横向3次抛物线分布的假定是合理的.剪力滞效应对CFRP加固工字钢梁弯曲变形下的端部界面应力影响不可忽略,影响程度随着截面弯矩和翼缘板宽度的增加而增大.

Square concrete columns strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced plastics sheets at low temperatures

Twenty-one square concrete columns were constructed and tested. The testing results indicate that bonded carbon fiber reinforced plastics(CFRP) sheets can be used to increase the strength and improve the serviceability of damaged concrete columns at low temperatures. The failure of the specimens,in most cases,takes place within the middle half of the columns. And the failure of strengthened columns is sudden and explosive. The CFRP sheets increase both the axial load capacity and the ultimate concrete compressive strain of the columns. The ultimate loads of strengthened columns at-10,0 and 10 ℃ increase averagely by 9.09%,6.63% and 17.83%,respectively,as compared with those of the control specimens. The axial compressive strength of strengthened columns is related to the curing temperatures. The improvement of axial compressive strength decreases with reducing temperature,and when the temperature drops to a certain value,the improvement increases with falling temperature.

Recipe Development and Mechanical Characterization of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Recycled Polypropylene 3D Printing Filament

Recycled polypropylene filaments for fused filament fabrication were investigated with and without 14 wt% short fibre carbon reinforcements. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the filaments and 3D printed specimens were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and standard tensile testing. It was observed that recycled polypropylene filaments with 14 wt% short carbon fibre reinforcement contained pores that were dispersed throughout the microstructure of the filament. A two-stage filament extrusion process was observed to improve the spatial distribution of carbon fibre reinforcement but did not reduce the pores. Recycled polypropylene filaments without reinforcement extruded at high screw speeds above 20 rpm contained a centreline cavity but no spatially distributed pores. However, this cavity is eliminated when extrusion is carried out at screw speeds below 20 rpm. For 3D printed specimens, interlayer cavities were observed larger for specimens printed from 14 wt% carbon fibre reinforced recycled polypropylene than those printed from unreinforced filaments. The values of tensile strength for the filaments were 21.82 MPa and 24.22 MPa, which reduced to 19.72 MPa and 22.70 MPa, respectively, for 3D printed samples using the filaments. Likewise, the young’s modulus of the filaments was 1208.6 MPa and 1412.7 MPa, which reduced to 961.5 MPa and 1352.3 MPa, respectively, for the 3D printed samples. The percentage elongation at failure for the recycled polypropylene filament was 9.83% but reduced to 3.84% for the samples printed with 14 wt% carbon fiber reinforced polypropylene filaments whose elongation to failure was 6.58%. The SEM observations on the fractured tensile test samples showed interlayer gaps between the printed and the adjacent raster layers. These gaps accounted for the reduction in the mechanical properties of the printed parts.

Effect of Fibre Packing on Random Variability of Compressive Strength of Unidirectional Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic

Compression tests on twenty unidirectional(UD) carbon fibre reinforced plastic(CFRP) specimens are conducted, the statistics on the measured compressive strength is calculated, and the fracture surface is characterized. Two types of different fracture surface are experimentally observed, and they are corresponding to very different values on the compressive strength. A finite element(FE) analysis is conducted to investigate the influence of random fibre packing on the compressive strength. And a riks method(provided in ABAQUS software) is applied in FE model to analyze fibre buckling behaviour in the vicinity of compressive failure. The FE analysis agrees well with the experimental observation on the two types of buckling modes and also the partition of compressive strength. It is clearly shown that the random fibre packing lays a significant influence on the random variability of compressive strength of CFRP.

CFRP加固受损再生混凝土板的抗弯性能试验研究

为了探究CFRP加固受损再生混凝土板的抗弯性能,制作了4块再生混凝土板(再生粗骨料取代率为50%),考虑预损伤等级及加载循环次数对试件加固性能的影响。通过试验与数值模拟研究,分析了试件的破坏模式、荷载-位移曲线及承载能力,并对规范中的承载力计算公式进行了修正。结果表明:CFRP加固再生混凝土板的破坏模式为CFRP脱落;当预损伤等级<0.4P_(m)(极限承载力)时,加固后的试件承载力变化不大;当预损伤等级≥0.4P_(m)时,加固后的试件承载力随预损伤等级的提升而降低;当预损伤等级<0.9P_(m)时,加载循环次数对试件的承载力影响很小;当预损伤等级≥0.9P_(m)时,试件承载力随加载循环次数的增大而显著降低;试件承载力随着CFRP加固层数的增加而增大;修正后的承载力计算公式具有较高的计算精度。

Thermo-Stamping Process of Glass and Carbon-Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites

In this work, manufacturing tools for thermoplastic (TP) composites have been developed. The chosen process involves the stacking alternately of oriented dry fabrics and TP films and does not use semi-products in order to reduce material costs. This study was specifically directed towards optimizing the impregnation of continuous glass and carbon fibres reinforcing two TP amorphous matrices, the polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) and polyetherimide (PEI), to obtain semi-finished products employed for aeronautical structures. The impregnation quality of inter and intra-yarns is analyzed and validated by optical and scanning micrographic observations conducted with an optical and a Scanning Electron Microscopies (SEM), respectively. The study showed that besides the process parameters and porosity distribution in the core of warp yarns, the impregnation quality depends on the surface properties of constituents. Desizing treatment has been carried out to improve the wettability of fibres by the TP matrices.

车用CFRP脉冲超皮秒激光切割参数优化及质量分析

依次将激光波长设定在523、785和1064 nm这3种条件下,对碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)开展切割测试,计算得到切缝的宽度与深度尺寸,并对试样进行微观组织表征,对CFRP激光加工过程的作用机理进行分析。研究结果表明:经比较不同波长,523 nm激光的波长更短,能够产生很高能量的单光子,获得了最平整的切割截面,表现出最优的切割性能。随着扫描速度的提高,形成了更小的热影响范围,降低单位面积的注入能量。提高激光功率后,上切缝宽度与深度增大,促进了侧向与纵向发生更大程度的燃烧,形成更宽与更深的切缝,激光对材料造成了更强烈的作用,扩大了热损伤区。

冲蚀角对碳纤维增强树脂复合材料(CFRP)蒙皮涂层去除及重涂附着力的影响

为解决飞机CFRP蒙皮涂层高效去除问题,改善重涂涂层附着力,采用塑性磨料射流加工方法对CFRP蒙皮损伤涂层去除,通过分析单颗磨料的速度和冲击力,研究不同冲蚀角度下磨料对涂层的冲蚀行为,探究塑性磨料射流冲蚀角对表面形貌、去除机制、材料去除率、接触角与表面自由能及重涂涂层的附着力方面的影响。结果表明:塑性磨料对涂层的冲蚀机理为塑性变形去除,在30°~70°冲蚀角下,磨料对涂层的冲蚀模式为滑擦、耕犁和切削。随着冲蚀角的增加,颗粒的切向分力减小,法向分力增加,法向冲蚀的冲蚀模式为剪切和挤压变形去除材料去除率递减。在所选冲蚀角范围内,当冲蚀角为30°时,聚氨酯涂层的材料去除率最大。随着冲蚀角的改变,表面粗糙度、润湿性和表面自由能发生变化,当冲蚀角为70°时,重涂后的涂层附着力较好,较初始涂层附着力提高28%左右。研究成果可为飞机CFRP蒙皮涂层的高效去除及附着力的改善提供参考。

Entrance and Exit Defects During Coarse Pitch Orbital Drilling of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic Plates

Formation of entrance and exit defects in coarse pitch orbital drilling(CPOD)of carbon fiber reinforced plastic(CFRP)plates was investigated.Deep observation on entrance and exit morphology shows tear and burr are typical defects.Meanwhile,tear is more obvious than burr,and more entrance tears emerge than exit tears.As one of the major causes of entrance and exit defects in CPOD,cutting forces were substaintially studied by contrast experiments.Then,the effect of cutting parameters on entrance and exit tear was qualitatively analyzed through a single factor test.Experiment results indicate that the variation of rotation speed has little influence on entrance and exit tear.Increasing tangential feed per tooth can enlarge entrance tear,but bring little effect on exit tear.By increasing axial feed pitch,the hole entrance and exit show severe tear.When revolution radius grows bigger and bigger,entrance and exit tear firstly decreases,and then increases.Finally,the models of tear and delamination during CPOD of CFRP were established,the formation mechanisms of entrance and exit defects were revealed,and the control strategies were accordingly put forward.

CFRP加固损伤钢筋混凝土梁抗冲击性能数值研究

为探究碳纤维增强复合材料(carbon fiber reinforced plastics,CFRP)加固损伤钢筋混凝土(reinforced concrete,RC)梁的抗冲击性能,利用有限元分析软件LS-DYNA,对不同CFRP加固方式下损伤梁的动态响应进行了数值模拟研究,并与物理试验结果进行对比验证.对加固梁的破坏模式、裂缝扩展规律和动态时程响应进行分析.结果表明,U型CFRP加固梁能显著抑制剪切斜裂缝的发展,大幅减小裂缝开展范围;在第1次冲击时,相较于未加固梁,平直型、U型和复合型CFRP加固梁的峰值冲击力分别提高了15.4%、16.6%和13.1%,跨中峰值位移分别降低了4.8%、8.3%和10.1%;在第2次冲击时,U型和复合型CFRP加固梁仍表现出较好的抗冲击性能.研究结果可为CFRP加固损伤RC梁的优化设计提供参考.

Numerical Determination of Shear Strength of Steel Reinforced Concrete Column Strengthened by CFRP Sheets

The earthquake resistant property of reinforced concrete members depends on the interaction between reinforcing bars and surrounding concrete through bond to a large degree. In this paper a general system aimed at dealing with the failure analysis of reinforced concrete columns strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) sheets including bond slip of the anchored reinforcing bars at the foot of the columns is presented. It is based on the yield design theory with a mixed modeling of the structure, according to which the concrete material is treated as a classical two dimensional continuum, whereas the longitudinal reinforcing bars are regarded as one dimensional rods including bond slip at the foot of the columns. In shear reinforced zones both the shear CFRP sheets and transverse reinforcing bars are incorporated in the analysis through a homogenization procedure and they are only in tension. The approach is then implemented numerically by means of the finite element formulation. The numerical procedure produces accurate estimates for the loading carrying capacity of the shear members taken as an illustrative application by correlation with the experimental results, so the proposed approach is valid.

3D Printing of Polylactic Acid Bioplastic–Carbon Fibres and Twisted Kevlar Composites Through Coextrusion Using Fused Deposition Modeling

Polylactic acid(PLA)bioplastic is a common material used in Fused Deposition Modeling(FDM)3D printing.It is biodegradable and environmentally friendly biopolymer which made out of corn.However,it exhibits weak mechanical properties which reduced its usability as a functional prototype in a real-world application.In the present study,two PLA composites are created through coextruded with 3K carbon fibres and twisted Kevlar string(as core fibre)to form a fibre reinforced parts(FRP).The mechanical strength of printed parts was examined using ASTM D638 standard with a strain rate of 1 mm/min.It has been demonstrated that the FRPs coextruded with 3K carbon fibres had achieved significant improvement in Young’s modulus(+180.6%,9.205 GPa),ultimate tensile strength(+175.3%,103 MPa)and maximum tensile strain(+21.6%,1.833%).Although the Young’s modulus of Kevlar FRP was found to be similar to as compared to unreinforced PLA(~3.29 GPa),it has gained significant increment in terms of maximum tensile strain(+179.7%,104.64 MPa),and maximum tensile strain(+257%,5.384%).Thus,this study revealed two unique composite materials,in which the 3K carbon FRP can offer stiff and high strength structure while Kevlar FRP offers similar strength but at a higher elasticity.

Shear capacity of reinforced concrete columns strengthened with CFRP sheet

This paper discusses the results of tests on the shear capacity of reinforced concrete columns strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) sheet. The shear transfer mechanism of the specimens reinforced with CFRP sheet was studied. The factors affecting the shear capacity of reinforced concrete columns strengthened with CFRP sheet were analyzed. Several sug-gestions such as the number of layers, width and tensile strength of the CFRP sheet are proposed for this new strengthening technique. Finally, a simple and practical design method is presented in the paper. The calculated results of the suggested method are shown to be in good agreement with the test results. The suggested design method can be used in evaluating the shear capacity of reinforced concrete columns strengthened with CFRP sheet.

钢-CFRP异质复合B柱的弯曲实验分析

目的为提高B柱的抗弯性能,通常会在B柱上额外焊接补丁板,但同时也增加了B柱的重量。在原始B柱上铺设碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP),获得钢-CFRP异质复合B柱,取消B柱的钢制加强板,实现B柱的轻量化。方法通过热冲压制备原始B柱及带补丁板B柱,并以原始B柱为凹模,采用真空袋压工艺制备钢-CFRP异质复合B柱。基于2018版C-NCAP侧面碰撞实验要求,设计B柱三点弯曲夹具,进行原始B柱、带补丁板B柱及钢-CFRP异质复合B柱的三点弯曲实验,并对其重量及弯曲性能进行分析。结果原始B柱重量4.1kg,三点弯曲实验测得其刚度为0.763k N/mm,最大载荷为21.59k N,平均力为14.52 kN;带补丁板B柱质量为5.6 kg,三点弯曲实验测得其刚度为1.095 kN/mm,最大载荷为31.08 kN,平均力为18.38 kN;钢-CFRP异质复合B柱总质量4.7 kg,三点弯曲试验测得其刚度为1.071 kN/mm,最大载荷为31.76 kN,平均力为19.58 kN。结论在保持刚度、最大载荷及平均力等弯曲力学性能不变的前提下,相对于带补丁板B柱,钢-CFRP异质复合B柱可以减轻质量0.9 kg,并且吸能更优,实现了B柱的轻量化。

条带CFRP圆钢管锂渣混凝土短柱轴压性能研究

为实现建筑业的可持续发展,解决工业废料堆积及污染问题,以锂渣取代率、碳纤维增强塑料(carbon fiber reinforced plastics,CFRP)包裹间距和包裹层数为影响因素,将锂渣废料作为胶凝材料部分取代水泥,共设计9根试验柱进行力学试验,探究条带CFRP约束圆钢管锂渣混凝土短柱的轴压性能。通过观察试验现象和破坏形态,采集试验数据绘制力学曲线图,对条带CFRP圆钢管锂渣混凝土柱的极限强度、刚度和延性等多个力学参数进行分析研究。结果表明:锂渣掺量在0~20%时,随着锂渣掺量的提高,试件极限强度和初始刚度均增大,但延性下降约13.9%;将试件的包裹间距从25 mm增至40 mm,试件极限强度、刚度和延性均降低约5.0%,包裹间距为40 mm的条带围压方案在节省物料的同时还有较好的结构性能;将试件CFRP包裹层数从1层提高至3层,试件抗压强度、刚度和延性均提升18.0%~26.0%,可见包裹层数对柱性能影响较大。

基于梯级CFRP筋的多塑性铰混凝土桥墩地震易损性分析

多塑性铰抗震设计方法是通过有意的设计使延性构件在非外力峰值位置处产生多个额外的塑性铰,从而使延性构件在地震下的损伤呈现出弥散分布的特点。该设计方法有利于增加构件的变形能力,更充分地发挥构件的抗震性能。但是,目前关于该设计方法的适用性和有效性研究较少,因此以某3跨连续梁桥为例,提出了一种基于梯级FRP筋配筋方式的桥墩多塑性铰设计方法,并基于OpenSees有限元软件对该桥墩进行了地震易损性分析。研究结果表明:多塑性铰抗震设计方法可以显著降低桥墩损伤风险,多塑性铰所起到的减震效果会随着桥墩损伤严重程度的加深而越发显著;在轻微损伤和中等破坏状态下,梯级CFRP筋可以通过提升墩身刚度来降低损伤风险,而且塑性铰数量对于桥墩的损伤概率影响不大;在严重破坏和完全破坏状态下,桥墩塑性铰越多,其损伤风险就越低。

CFRP加固X型圆钢管相贯节点焊缝极限承载力研究

为研究碳纤维增强塑料(CFRP)对X型圆钢管相贯节点的影响,对ABAQUS有限元软件进行二次开发,运用Fortran语言将VGM模型编译成VUSDFLD子程序对90个节点模型进行有限元分析,并研究支主管外径比β、主管径厚比γ、CFRP黏贴长度与主管直径之比L、CFRP黏贴层数n对节点承载力的影响.结果表明:CFRP可以减小节点的应力集中,提高节点的承载力,节点开裂会发生在相贯线鞍点焊缝内侧与支管相交的焊根处,随着荷载增加,裂纹会从焊缝鞍点沿着相贯线向冠点发展.对节点进行参数分析可以发现:随着γ的增加,节点极限承载力逐渐减小;随着β的增大,节点极限承载力逐渐增加;随着n和L的增加,节点极限承载力会有所提高.本文节点的破坏发生在焊缝,提出CFRP加固X型圆钢管相贯节点焊缝承载力建议公式,对比有限元结果可以发现,节点主管壁厚较小,支管外径较大时,拟合公式的结果存在不安全.