This paper describes the effect of the in situ hydrolysis of 2-cyanopyridine and its derivatives on the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate(DMC) from CO2 and methanol over CeO2.2-Cyanopyridine.with the highest electroni...This paper describes the effect of the in situ hydrolysis of 2-cyanopyridine and its derivatives on the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate(DMC) from CO2 and methanol over CeO2.2-Cyanopyridine.with the highest electronic charge number of the carbon in the cyanogroup,is the most effective agent to accelerate the desired reaction by a decrease of water.CeO2(110) planes are active for the hydrolysis of 2-cyanopyridine,further enhancing the DMC formation by in situ removal of water effectively.The DMC yield is improved drastically up to 378.5 mmol g cat^-1 from 12.8 mmol g cat^-1 with the in situ hydrolysis of 2-cyanopyridine over rod-CeO2(1 1 0) catalyst.展开更多
The development of novel simple, and convenient techniques for the fabrication of porous carbon materials with desirable properties, such as tunable pore structures and the presence of nitrogen functionalities, from r...The development of novel simple, and convenient techniques for the fabrication of porous carbon materials with desirable properties, such as tunable pore structures and the presence of nitrogen functionalities, from renewable and abundant biomasses is required. We herein describe an in situ directing method for the preparation of a nitrogen-doped flower-like porous carbon (NFPC) employing arbitrarily shaped MgO from bio-derived glucosamine chloride (GAH). Experimental evidence demonstrated that the structure directing effect of the Mg(OH)2 nanosheets formed in situ from MgO hydrolysis was key to this process, with the original MgO morphology being irrelevant. Furthermore, this method was applicable for a wide variety of biomass-derived carbon precursors. The resulting NFPC exhibited a high nitrogen content of 〈9 wt.%, and was employed as a support to anchor small Ru nanoparticles (average size = 2.7 nm). The resulting Ru/NFPC was highly active in heterogeneous hydrogenations of toluene and benzoic acid, which demonstrated the advantages of nitrogen doping in terms of boosting catalytic performance.展开更多
Carbon source is a critical constraint on nutrient removal in domestic wastewater treatment.However,the functions of particulate organic matter(POM) and some organics with high molecular weight(HMW) are overlooked...Carbon source is a critical constraint on nutrient removal in domestic wastewater treatment.However,the functions of particulate organic matter(POM) and some organics with high molecular weight(HMW) are overlooked in the conventional process,as they cannot be directly assimilated into cells during microbial metabolism.This further aggravates the problem of carbon source shortage and thus affects the effluent quality.Therefore,to better characterize organic matter(OM) based MW distribution,microfiltration/ultrafiltration/nanofiltration(MF/UF/NF) membranes were used in parallel to fractionate OM,which obtained seven fractions.Hydrolysis acidification(HA) was adopted to manipulate the MW distribution of dissolved organic matter(DOM) and further explore the correlation between molecular size and biodegradability.Results showed that HA pretreatment of wastewater not only promoted transformation from POM to DOM,but also boosted biodegradability.After 8 hr of HA,the concentration of dissolved organic carbon(DOC) increased by 65%,from the initial value of20.25 to 33.48 mg/L,and the biodegradability index(BOD5(biochemical oxygen demand)/SCOD(soluble chemical oxygen demand)) increased from 0.52 to 0.74.Using MW distribution analysis and composition optimization,a new understanding on the characteristics of organics in wastewater was obtained,which is of importance to solving low C/N wastewater treatment in engineering practice.展开更多
基金Financial support by Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC,Nos.21176179,U1462122)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(No.NCET-13-0411) is gratefully acknowledged
文摘This paper describes the effect of the in situ hydrolysis of 2-cyanopyridine and its derivatives on the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate(DMC) from CO2 and methanol over CeO2.2-Cyanopyridine.with the highest electronic charge number of the carbon in the cyanogroup,is the most effective agent to accelerate the desired reaction by a decrease of water.CeO2(110) planes are active for the hydrolysis of 2-cyanopyridine,further enhancing the DMC formation by in situ removal of water effectively.The DMC yield is improved drastically up to 378.5 mmol g cat^-1 from 12.8 mmol g cat^-1 with the in situ hydrolysis of 2-cyanopyridine over rod-CeO2(1 1 0) catalyst.
基金Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 91534114 and 21376208), the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China (No. LR13B030001), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, the Program for Zhejiang Leading Team of S&T Innovation, the Partner Group Program of the Zhejiang University, and the Max- Planck Society is greatly appreciated.
文摘The development of novel simple, and convenient techniques for the fabrication of porous carbon materials with desirable properties, such as tunable pore structures and the presence of nitrogen functionalities, from renewable and abundant biomasses is required. We herein describe an in situ directing method for the preparation of a nitrogen-doped flower-like porous carbon (NFPC) employing arbitrarily shaped MgO from bio-derived glucosamine chloride (GAH). Experimental evidence demonstrated that the structure directing effect of the Mg(OH)2 nanosheets formed in situ from MgO hydrolysis was key to this process, with the original MgO morphology being irrelevant. Furthermore, this method was applicable for a wide variety of biomass-derived carbon precursors. The resulting NFPC exhibited a high nitrogen content of 〈9 wt.%, and was employed as a support to anchor small Ru nanoparticles (average size = 2.7 nm). The resulting Ru/NFPC was highly active in heterogeneous hydrogenations of toluene and benzoic acid, which demonstrated the advantages of nitrogen doping in terms of boosting catalytic performance.
基金supported by the Jiangsu Water Resources Protection Project(No.2015005)the National High-Tech Research Program(863)of China(No.2012AA063302)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(No.2013/B14020391)
文摘Carbon source is a critical constraint on nutrient removal in domestic wastewater treatment.However,the functions of particulate organic matter(POM) and some organics with high molecular weight(HMW) are overlooked in the conventional process,as they cannot be directly assimilated into cells during microbial metabolism.This further aggravates the problem of carbon source shortage and thus affects the effluent quality.Therefore,to better characterize organic matter(OM) based MW distribution,microfiltration/ultrafiltration/nanofiltration(MF/UF/NF) membranes were used in parallel to fractionate OM,which obtained seven fractions.Hydrolysis acidification(HA) was adopted to manipulate the MW distribution of dissolved organic matter(DOM) and further explore the correlation between molecular size and biodegradability.Results showed that HA pretreatment of wastewater not only promoted transformation from POM to DOM,but also boosted biodegradability.After 8 hr of HA,the concentration of dissolved organic carbon(DOC) increased by 65%,from the initial value of20.25 to 33.48 mg/L,and the biodegradability index(BOD5(biochemical oxygen demand)/SCOD(soluble chemical oxygen demand)) increased from 0.52 to 0.74.Using MW distribution analysis and composition optimization,a new understanding on the characteristics of organics in wastewater was obtained,which is of importance to solving low C/N wastewater treatment in engineering practice.