Effect of preoperative injection of carbon nanoparticle suspension on the outcomes of selected patients with mid-low rectal cancer

Background:Carbon nanoparticles show significant lymphatic tropism and can be used to identify lymph nodes surrounding mid-low rectal tumors.In this study,we analyzed the effect of trans anal injection of a carbon nanoparticle suspension on the outcomes of patients with mid-low rectal cancer who underwent laparoscopic resection.Methods:We collected the data of 87 patients with mid-low rectal cancer who underwent laparoscopic resection between November 2014 and March 2015 at Cancer Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College.For 35 patients in the experimental group,the carbon nanoparticle suspension was injected transanally into the submucosa of the rectum around the tumor 30 min before the operation;52 patients in the control group underwent the operation directly without the injection of carbon nanoparticle suspension.We then compared the operation outcomes between the two groups.Results:In the experimental group,the rate of incomplete mesorectal excision was lower than that in the control group,but no significant difference was found(2.9%vs.7.7%,P = 0.342).The distance between the tumor and the circumferential resection margin was 5.8 ± 1.4 mm in the experimental group and 4.8 ±1.1 mm in the control group(P = 0.001).The mean number of lymph nodes removed was 28.2 ± 9.4 in the experimental group and 22.7 ± 7.3in the control group(P = 0.003);the mean number of lymph nodes smaller than 5 mm in diameter was 10.1 ± 7.5and 4.5 ±3.7,respectively(P< 0.001).Three patients in the experimental group received lateral lymph node resection.Among the three patients,we retrieved three nodes(one stained node) from the first patient,three nodes(two stained nodes) from the second patient,and two nodes(no stained nodes) from the third patient.Conclusions:Injecting a carbon nanoparticle suspension improved the outcomes of patients who underwent laparoscopic resection for mid-low rectal cancer;it also improved the accuracy of pathologic staging.Moreover,for selected patients,this technique narrowed the scope of lateral lymph node dissection.

Colorectal cancer lymph node staining by activated carbon nanoparticles suspension in vivo or methylene blue in vitro

AIM:To investigate whether activated carbon nanoparticles suspension(ACNS) or methylene blue(MB) can increase the detected number of lymph nodes in colorectal cancer.METHODS:Sixty-seven of 72 colorectal cancer patients treated at our hospital fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the study which was conducted from December 2010 to February 2012.Seven patients refused to participate.Eventually,60 patients were included,and randomly assigned to three groups(20 in each group):ACNS group(group A),MB group(group B) and non-stained conventional surgical group(group C).In group A,patients received subserosal injection of 1 mL ACNS in a 4-quadrant region around the mass.In group B,the main artery of specimen was identified and isolated after the specimen was removed,and 2 mL MB was slowly injected into the isolated,stretched and fixed vessel.In group C,no ACNS and MB were injected.All the mesentery lymph nodes were isolated and removed systematically by visually inspecting and palpating the adipose tissue.RESULTS:No difference was observed among the three groups in age,gender,tumor location,tumor diameter,T-stage,degree of differentiation,postoperative complications and peritoneal drainage retention time.The total number of detected lymph nodes was 535,476 and 223 in the three groups,respectively.The mean number of detected lymph nodes per patient was significantly higher in group A than in group C(26.8 ± 8.4 vs 12.2 ± 3.2,P < 0.001).Similarly,there were significantly more lymph nodes detected in group B than in group C(23.8 ± 6.9 vs 12.2 ± 3.2,P < 0.001).However,there was no significant difference between group A and group B.There were 50,46 and 32 metastatic lymph nodes dissected in 13 patients of group A,10 patients of group B and 11 patients of group C,without significant differences among the three groups.Eleven of the 60 patients had insufficient number of detected lymph nodes(< 12).Only one patient with T 4a rectal cancer had 10 lymph nodes detected in group B,the other 10 patients were all from group C.Based on the different diameter categories,the number of detected lymph nodes in groups A and B was significantly higher than in group C.However,there was no statistically significant difference between group A and group B.The metastatic lymph nodes were not significant different among the three groups.Similarly,tumor location,T stage and tumor differentiation did not affect the staining results.Body mass index was a minor influencing factor in the two different staining methods.The stained lymph nodes can easily be identified from the mesenteric adipose tissues,and the staining time for lymph nodes was not significantly different compared with unstained group.None of the patients in groups A and B had drug-related complications.CONCLUSION:Both activated carbon nanoparticles suspension in vivo and methylene blue in vitro can be used as tracers to increase the detected number of lymph nodes in colorectal cancer.

Study on the optical limiting properties of the mixed liquid of carbon black suspensions and green tea solution by multi-pulse laser

The optical limiting properties of the mixed liquid of carbon black suspensions （CBS） and green tea solution were studied by using an 8 ns laser pulse at 532 nm. The optical limiting effects of the CBS and mixed liquid have been compared between 5 and 10 Hz repetition frequencies with nanosecond laser pulse. The experimental results indicate that the optical limiting threshold of the sample with the incidence laser at 10 Hz repetition frequency is lower than at 5 Hz repetition frequency. The possible reasons for the influence of the repetition frequency on the samples are discussed. And by observing the optical radiant distributions when the laser pulse passing through different samples, a possible mechanism for the observed effects is suggested. At the same time, the result shows that the optical limiting of CBS is the dominant factor to optical limiting of the mixed liquid.

Parameters of static response of carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP) suspension cables

The feasibility of longer spans relies on the successful implementation of new high-strength light weight materials such as carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP). First, a dimensionless equilibrium equation and the corresponding compatibility equation are established to develop the cable force equation and cable displacement governing equation for suspension cables, respectively. Subsequently, the inextensible cable case is introduced. The formula of the Irvine parameter is considered and its physical interpretation as well as its relationship with the chord gravity stiffness is presented. The influences on the increment of cable force and displacement by λ2 and load ratio p′ are analyzed, respectively. Based on these assumptions and the analytical formulations, a 2000 m span suspension cable is utilized as an example to verify the proposed formulation and the responses of the relative increment of cable force and cable displacement under symmetrical and asymmetrical loads are studied and presented. In each case, the deflections resulting from elastic elongation or solely due to geometrical displacement are analyzed for the lower elastic modulus CFRP. Finally, in comparison with steel cables, the influences on the cable force equation and the governing displacement equation by span and rise span ratio are analyzed. Moreover, the influences on the static performance of suspension bridge by span and sag ratios are also analyzed. The substantive characteristics of the static performance of super span CFRP suspension bridges are clarified and the superiority and the characteristics of CFRP cable structure are demonstrated analytically.

Non-linear Viscoelastic Rheological Properties of PCC/PEG Suspensions

The shear thinning and shear thickening rheological properties of PCC/PEG suspension were investigated with the increase of oscillatory amplitude stress at different constant frequencies. The results show that the complex viscosity was initially independent of stress amplitude and obvious shear thinning occurred, then dramatic shear thickening took place after reaching the minimum viscosity. Typically, in a constant frequency of 5 rad/s, the elastic modulus, viscous modulus, and tanδ （δ is the out-of-phase angle） vs. the stress amplitude was investigated. It is found that the elastic modulus initially appeared to be independent of stress amplitude and then exhibited a rapid decrease, but the viscous modulus was independent of amplitude stress at lower amplitude stress. After reaching the minimum value the viscous modulus showed a rapid increase. On the other hand, tanδ increased from 0.6 to 92, which indicates that the transition from elastic to viscous had taken place and tanδ showed a steep increase when shear thickening occurred. Lissajous plots are shown for the dissipated energy vs. different maximum stress amplitude in the shear thinning and shear thickening regions. The relationship of dissipated energy vs. maximum stress amplitude was determined, which follows a power law. In the shear thinning region the exponent was 1.91, but it steeply increases to 3.97 in the shear thickening region.

Influence of Particle Size Distribution on the Optical Properties of Fine-Dispersed Suspensions

Nanofluids have great potential for solar energy harvesting due to their suitable optical and thermophysical properties.One of the promising applications of nanofluids is utilization in solar collectors with the direct absorption of light(DASC).The design of a DASC requires detailed knowledge of the optical properties of nanofluids,which can be significantly affected by the particle size distribution.The paper presents the method to take into account the particle size distribution when calculating nanofluid extinction spectra.To validate the proposed model,the particle size distribution and spectral absorbance were measured for aqueous suspension with multi-walled graphite nanotubes;the minimum size of primary nanoparticles was 49 nm.The proposed model is compared with experiments demonstrating the concentration averaged and maximum discrepancies of 6.6%and 32.2%against 12.6%and 77.7%for a model assuming a monosized suspension.

Shear-thickening rheological response of PCC/PEG suspensions

The steady and dynamic rheological behaviors of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) suspension in polyethylene glycol (PEG) were investigated on a TA AR2000ex rheometer. Under steady shear consistency index K and flow exponent N of suspensions with different volume fractions were determined. The shear-thinning and the discontinuous shear-thickening behavior were observed at different constant frequencies from 10 to 100 rad/s. The relationship between the complex viscosity and the constant frequency were determined. As the volume fraction increases,flow exponent N shows a rapid increase,and it increases dramatically when the discontinuous shear-thickening takes place,while consistency index K decreases. Dynamic oscillatory shear experiments were conducted at constant strain amplitude and constant frequency,respectively. For the frequency sweep,the system shows viscous property in entire range of the frequency investigated,and the complex viscosity shows discontinuous jump at a critical frequency of 10 rad/s. For the strain sweep,on the other hand,at low strain the elastic modulus is strongly dependent on the strain,and the viscous modulus is independent of the strain. But at the critical strain point both of the moduli show an abrupt jump and the system transits from elastic to viscous at a strain of 0.1.

Interfacial geochemistry of barium in suspension and sediment from Zhujiang Estuary

Chemical forms of Ba are determined in samples of suspension and sediment from the Zhujiang Estuary. Their interfacial geochemical processes are discussed. Total suspended Ba content is between 2. 4 and 40. 4 μg/L, and mostly exists in the crystalline form (43. 5%), secondly in the Fe-Mn oxidative form (23.1%). Percentages of organic, carbonate and exchangeable forms are 14. 8%, 11. l%and 7.4%, respectively. Total content of Ba in the sediment is between 158. 6 and 48. 0 ug/g. Percentages of crystalline form, Fe-Mn oxidative form and carbonate form are 78. 4% ,13. 5%and 8. 2%, respectively. Organic and exchangeable forms are not detected. The study on the mechanism of interfacial movement suggests that the salinity range of 10 is the turning point for the varied distribution of Ba. The subsidence of crystalline form affects the decrease of Ba content in suspension. The decrease mostly takes place in the salinity range lower than 10, which corresponds to the high value of Ba content in the sediment. The solid-solution exchange process is mainly influenced by the exchangeable, Fe-Mn oxidative and organic forms, and their variations are closely related to the non-conservative behavior of dissolved Ba.

Preparation of Polymer Composite Particles by Phase Separation Followed by Suspension Polymerization

The novel method for preparing the polymer composite particles has been developed. It was tried to prepare polymer composite particles composed of polystyrene and carbon black with the phase separation method followed by suspension polymerization. In order to prepare the polymer composite particles with the more uniform diameter, the styrene monomer droplets containing carbon black were formed with phase separation emulsification in which ethyl alcohol and water were used as the good solvent and the poor solvent for styrene monomer, respectively. In the experiment, the surfactant species and their concentrations, the pouring velocity of water and the weight ratio of carbon black to styrene monomer were mainly changed. Water was poured at the given pouring velocity into ethyl alcohol in which styrene monomer and an initiator were dissolved and carbon black was dispersed beforehand. The spherical polymer composite particles containing carbon black were prepared with Tween 20 and Tween 80 of nonionic surfactants and the irregular polymer composite particles were prepared with PVA, SDS and Kotamine. The diameters of polymer composite particles increased with the pouring velocity of water and with the weight ratio of carbon black to styrene monomer.

Identification of the Parathyroid Gland with Vasculature by Intraoperative Carbon Nanoparticles

Background: We aimed to investigate the ability of carbon nanoparticles to identify parathyroid glands with vasculature during thyroid surgery. Material and methods: Totally 42 patients with various thyroid diseases were selected for the prospective research of carbon nanoparticle injection used in thyroidectomy. Another 42 patients without receiving carbon nanoparticle injection were selected as the control group. All cases underwent total or subtotal bilateral thyroidectomy. Before the ligation of the superior and inferior poles of the thyriod lobes, 0.1 mL of a carbon nanoparticle suspension was injected into the two poles. Important tissues such as the recurrent laryngeal nerve, parathyroid gland with blood supply and the inferior thyroid artery were identified and protected. Results: The parathyroid glands with vasculature were not stained and thus remained the primary color in all cases, while abnormal thyroid tissues were stained black. After 5 minutes, thyroid lobes were injected with the carbon nanoparticle suspension and the original color of parathyroid glands was unchanged. Even the parathyroids with blood supply can be identified and protected. The number of parathyroid glands for autotransplantation was one in the test group and six in the control group. At one day after the thyroid surgery, hypocalcemia became detectable in four patients of the test group and in five of the control group. Twenty-four instances of hypoparathyroidism occurred at 1 day after surgery in the control group, while ten instances in the test group. Conclusion: Intraoperatvie carbon nanoparticle suspension injection is an effective and safe technique for guiding thyroid surgery. The carbon nanoparticle suspension plays an important role in identifying the vasculatural parathyroid glands, while protecting the physiologic function of the parathyroid glands during surgery.

氢能耦合替代燃料悬浮煅烧水泥技术研究

氢能替代化石燃料煅烧水泥熟料是水泥行业节能降碳的有效途径。文章基于热工理论计算,分析了氢气等不同燃料的理论煅烧温度和烟气量,搭建了模拟分解炉煅烧状态的悬浮煅烧小试实验平台,分析验证了氢能替代化石燃料煅烧水泥熟料的可行性。结果表明,在同等热耗条件下,相对常规燃料,氢燃料未明显增加理论烟气量,氢能掺烧烟煤粉或稻壳粉对降低悬浮煅烧时的CO和NOX有正向作用,能够促进劣质燃料的使用;同时,氢能作为低碳燃料,能够进一步发挥其高活性作用,解决当前替代燃料在分解炉中不完全燃烧和NOX本底排放浓度高的技术瓶颈。根据实验结果,针对减少化石燃料消耗及碳减排需求,提出了20%氢能耦合60%替代燃料煅烧水泥熟料的工业化技术路线,此路线在应用于实际工程前,需进行更加深入的中试研究。

新时期我国矿产资源行业高质量发展路径

矿产资源作为人类社会生存和进步的核心物质基础,是经济社会发展的重要支撑。目前我国战略性矿产资源安全保障工作备受国家重视,在新的国际形势下,开展智慧化、数字化建设是打造绿色、安全、高效、可持续发展的矿山产业必由之路。梳理了新时期我国矿产资源行业发展面临的机遇与挑战,从智慧矿山本质内涵、建设实质、目标与路径4个方面诠释了其建设体系架构,从源头减碳、过程降碳、储碳增汇3个角度阐述了如何打造绿色新体系,构筑产业发展新格局。在此基础上,以智慧矿山、绿色矿山建设需重点突破的主流工艺和关键技术为切入点,指明了我国矿产资源行业高质量发展路径与重点技术攻关方向。

离子匹配悬浮液驱提高碳酸盐岩油藏波及效率潜力与机理实验

水驱波及效率提升可以显著增强碳酸盐岩油藏开发效果。本文在考虑地层水离子组成基础上,借助体视显微镜和激光粒度仪配制了一种离子匹配悬浮液,其中悬浮的硫酸钙颗粒处于临界饱和状态,大部分颗粒粒径在10μm左右,静置后由于絮凝和聚集作用最大可到50μm。悬浮液的静态性质实验表明,由于硫酸钙“逆溶解度”特征和水合物的变化,其微粒会在小于45℃范围缓慢消失,并在90℃时迅速析出;矿化度和离子组成改变会使硫酸钙微粒浓度和粒径显著增大。在渗透率级差为4.7的岩心并联实验中,离子匹配悬浮液可使较低渗岩心的分流率最大提高约9.8%,最终采收率提高约4.3%。温度、压力和盐度的影响,以及注入水与地层水离子交换,使悬浮液中的饱和硫酸钙周期性溶解和沉淀,导致压力波动。压力波动使硫酸钙的溶解/沉淀特征复杂化,最终显著改变了水驱后期并联模型中的分流率。含有饱和硫酸钙的不稳定离子匹配悬浮液是从材料领域借鉴到石油领域的新尝试,具有一定提高波及效率作用。它比常规欠饱和离子匹配水驱过程中产生的不可控原位微粒更有效、更可靠、更环保。

低品位碳酸锰矿煅烧提纯制备电解锰原料工艺研究

通过对目前国内低品位碳酸锰矿富集技术及碳酸锰矿样品进行基础物化、常规工艺特性及还原烧结特性分析,验证了碳酸锰矿煅烧提纯主要工艺环节化学反应过程,采用高温煅烧分解、还原工艺,可以在资源综合利用、智能控制、装备大型化等方面达到相当高的水平,为生产线的工艺配置、核心装备开发设计全面积累经验,完成了低品位碳酸锰矿煅烧提纯制备电解锰原料的技术储备。

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided injection of carbon nanoparticles suspension to label rectal cancer before neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy:a retrospective cohort study

Background:Localization of the primary tumor and ensuring safe distal surgical margins(DSMs)following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy(nCRT)are challenging in locally advanced rectal cancers(LARCs).This study investigated the effectiveness of carbon nanoparticles suspension(CNS)for labeling the primary tumor and allowing precise tumor resection after nCRT.Methods:Clinicopathological data of LARC patients who underwent nCRT followed by laparoscopic radical anal preservation surgery at our center between January 2018 and February 2023 were prospectively collected.The patients were divided into the CNS tattooed(CNS)and non-tattooed(control)groups.In the CNS group,CNS was injected in four quadrants on the anal side 1 cm away from the lower tumor margin.DSMs were determined through intraoperative distal rectal examination in the control group and observation of CNS tattoos in the CNS group.DSM lengths and positive DSM rates were compared between the two groups to analyse the feasibility and effectiveness of CNS for labeling LARCs before nCRT.Results:There was no statistically significant difference in the basic demographic data,effectiveness of nCRT,or post-operative recovery rates between the two groups(all P>0.05).In the CNS group,CNS tattoos were observed on the outside of the rectal wall,with an overall efficiency of 87.1%(27/31).The CNS group had fewer positive DSMs and safer DSM lengths(2.73±0.88 vs 2.12±1.15 cm,P=0.012)than the control group(P<0.05).Conclusions:Endoscopic ultrasound-guided injection of CNS tattoos before nCRT could effectively label the LARCs,ensuring safe DSMs during anus-preserving surgeries(Chictr.org.cn No.:ChiCTR2300068991).

基于拓扑优化的汽车悬架控制臂轻量化设计及碳排放量化对比分析

随着汽车技术的不断创新和社会对环境友好型交通工具的日益关注,当前汽车工程领域的研究在于提高车辆性能的同时,降低其全生命周期碳排放水平。针对此问题,文章以汽车悬架控制臂为研究对象,利用ANSYS软件对其进行静力学分析并进行轻量化设计。最后,对优化前后控制臂的原材料获取阶段、生产制造阶段以及使用阶段所产生的碳排放进行量化分析,基于碳排放量化结果验证控制臂零件轻量改进后的减碳效益。

基于FSC的碳纤维悬架粘接工艺

碳纤维横臂和车身、轮边的粘接工艺会极大地影响悬架的强度,这是许多方程式车队在悬架轻量化道路上需要攻克的一大技术难点。为此,基于中国大学生方程式汽车大赛(Formula Student China,FSC)对悬架整体进行受力分析,并对粘接工艺、材料选取等方面进行研究,利用ANSYS进行动力学仿真,控制粘接面的粗糙度和连接同心度等,最后进行多次拉伸试验,设计一套受力最高可达36 kN的基于美国3M DP460结构环氧树脂胶和铝合金接头的碳纤维悬架粘接方案,完全满足赛车需求,保证车手在赛车练习和比赛时的安全,确保悬架性能的正常发挥。

铝业碱性赤泥的悬浮碳化法脱碱工艺研究

研究探讨了碱性废弃物赤泥的常压悬浮碳化法脱碱绿色环保新工艺。详细研究考察了反应温度、反应时间、液固比以及CO2通气量4个因素对赤泥脱碱效能的影响,确定了最佳工艺参数和技术条件。研究表明,在温控60℃,反应时间1.5 h,液固比为10,CO2通气量为0.8 L/min的反应条件下,赤泥脱碱率（以Na2O计）达到85%以上,同时得到含3%-5%碳酸盐的碱性溶液。与传统生石灰脱碱工艺相比,悬浮碳化法具有操作简便、脱碱率高、所得碱纯度高,无废弃物排放等优点,并可实现双废物（CO2废气和赤泥废弃物）的可持续综合利用。

支撑喉镜下二氧化碳激光治疗喉癌112例观察

目的:探讨支撑喉镜下显微镜下二氧化碳激光治疗喉癌的适应症、疗效及并发症等。方法:支撑喉镜下显微镜下二氧化碳激光治疗早、中期喉癌及晚期喉癌共112例。结果:全部病例随访。1年5例复发,复发率4.46%,无瘤生存率100%。3年复发11例,复发率13.25%,无瘤生存率95.18%。结论:支撑喉镜下显微镜下二氧化碳激光治疗喉癌是一种有效的方法,与其它方法比较有其独特的优势。

含环碳酸酯基固定化酶载体的合成及其性能研究

环碳酸酯基具有于温和条件下与氨基反应形成羟基与氨基甲酸酯的特征 .通过反相悬浮聚合 ,以乙烯撑碳酸酯为反应性单体 ,亲水性N ,N′ 亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂 ,分别选用N 乙烯基吡咯烷酮和丙烯酸 β 羟乙酯两种亲水性共单体为合成酶载体的成分 ,首次以二甲基甲酰胺和线型高分子聚乙二醇 40 0为复合致孔剂合成了两种性能优越的 ,可快速且可保持酶活力的固载胰蛋白酶的大孔型交联高分子酶载体 .其以σ共价键形成的固定化酶和以纯物理吸附形式吸附的酶同时存在于树脂骨架之中 ,根据相似相容原理 ,固载于载体上的酶分子容易吸附溶液中酶分子使其以物理吸附的形式存在 ,后者在经过 6次使用后近乎定量脱落 ,最终保持 85%活力不变者当为σ共价键结合酶 .纯σ共价键结合于高分子骨架的酶不易脱落 ,利用这一特性可使固定化酶的催化过程简化 ,可避免繁杂而冗长的分离脱落酶的过程 .可望将这种高分子酶载体用于临床医学中属于多肽类的分子量为 2 0 0 0左右的中级分子量毒素的无泄露排除 .