Nickel(Ⅱ)complexes with pyrazole-based ligands are widely employed in catalysis of ethylene oligomerization and subsequent Friedel-Crafts alkylation of toluene.We have prepared ten new nickel(Ⅱ)dibromide complexes w...Nickel(Ⅱ)complexes with pyrazole-based ligands are widely employed in catalysis of ethylene oligomerization and subsequent Friedel-Crafts alkylation of toluene.We have prepared ten new nickel(Ⅱ)dibromide complexes with various substituted bis(azolyl)methanes.They have been characterized using^(1)H NMR,IR,high resolution mass spectrometry and elemental analysis.The structures of three complexes have been unambiguously established using X-ray diffraction.It was found that these complexes in the presence of Et2AlCl or Et_(3)Al_(2)Cl_(3)are active both in ethylene oligomerization and Friedel-Crafts alkylation processes(activity up to 3720 kgoligomer·mol[Ni]^(−1)·h^(−1)).The use of Et_(3)Al_(2)Cl_(3)results in a higher share of alkylated products(up to 60%).Moreover,catalytic systems activated with Et_(3)Al_(2)Cl_(3)produced small amounts of odd carbon number olefins(up to 0.8%).The Friedel-Crafts alkylation was used as a trap for previously undetected short-chain odd carbon number olefins(C_(3)and C_(5)).展开更多
Tartaric acid, oxalic acid, glucose, and fructose are highly important compounds. A comprehensive study of these substances is fascinating from a scientific perspective. They are key components found in wine, vegetabl...Tartaric acid, oxalic acid, glucose, and fructose are highly important compounds. A comprehensive study of these substances is fascinating from a scientific perspective. They are key components found in wine, vegetables, and fruits. Understanding the isotopic compositions in organic compounds is crucial for comprehending various biochemical processes and the nature of substances present in different natural products. Tartaric acid, oxalic acid, glucose, and fructose are widely distributed compounds, including in vegetables and fruits. Tartaric acid plays a significant role in determining the quality and taste properties of wine, while oxalic acid is also prevalent but holds great interest for further research, especially in terms of carbon isotopic composition. We can unveil the mechanisms of processes that were previously impossible to study. Glucose and fructose are the most common monosaccharides in the hexose group, and both are found in fruits, with sweeter fruits containing higher amounts of these substances. In addition to fruits, wheat, barley, rye, onions, garlic, lentils, peppers, dried fruits, beans, broccoli, cabbage, tomatoes, and other foods are also rich sources of fructose and glucose. To determine the mass fraction of the carbon-13 isotope in these compounds, it is important to study their changes during natural synthesis. These compounds can be modified with a carbon center. According to the existing isotopic analysis method, these compounds are converted into carbon oxide or dioxide [1]. At this point, the average carbon content in the given compound is determined, but information about isotope-modified centers is lost. Dilution may occur through the transfer of other carbon-containing organic compounds in the sample or by dilution with natural carbon or carbon dioxide during the transfer process. This article discusses the possibility of carbon-13 isotope propagation directly in these compounds, both completely modified and modified with individual carbon centers. The literature provides information on determining carbon-13 substance in organic compounds, both with a general approach and for individual compounds [2] [3].展开更多
With the development of the Tazhong No. 1 carbonate gas condensate reservoir in China, it has become more and more important to study the characteristics of gas condensate well deliverability. A single-well radial sim...With the development of the Tazhong No. 1 carbonate gas condensate reservoir in China, it has become more and more important to study the characteristics of gas condensate well deliverability. A single-well radial simulator for dual-permeability reservoirs was established to study the influences of fluid properties, permeability, and pressure drawdown on well deliverability with and without the capillary number effect. The simulation shows that well deliverability basically maintains its initial value and is not affected by the capillary number when the formation pressure is higher than dew-point pressure. However, well deliverability drops rapidly when the formation pressure is lower than dew-point pressure. Even if the condensate dropout is very low, well deliverability without the capillary number effect reduces to 50 percent of its initial value when reservoir pressure declines to 95 percent of dew-point pressure, but well deliverability is significantly improved if the capillary number effect exists. The capillary number effect is most significant when reservoir pressure is just lower than dew point pressure, then the effect decreases; the reduction of well deliverability is mainly caused by the reduction of gas relative permeability of the matrix system near the wellbore.展开更多
在“碳达峰”与“碳中和”背景下,为提高能源的低碳化利用,提出一种基于阶梯式碳交易机制与细化电转气和碳循环的综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)低碳经济运行策略。首先考虑阶梯式碳交易机制,采用碳交易市场,利用区间数与...在“碳达峰”与“碳中和”背景下,为提高能源的低碳化利用,提出一种基于阶梯式碳交易机制与细化电转气和碳循环的综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)低碳经济运行策略。首先考虑阶梯式碳交易机制,采用碳交易市场,利用区间数与碳交易费用达到控制碳排放的目的;其次在细化电转气的基础上引入电解槽(eLectrolyzer,EL)、甲烷反应器(methane reactor,MR),并增设碳捕集装置(carbon capture system,CCS),实现碳的循环利用。最后构建以购能成本、阶梯式碳排放交易成本、弃风弃光成本、碳捕集成本最小为目标的IES优化调度模型,利用CPLEX建模优化引擎将原问题转化为混合整数线性问题对此模型进行求解,结果验证了所建模型的有效性。展开更多
不同试验条件下沉积在EGR(exhaust gas recirculation)冷却器换热管内表面的颗粒物会形成不同表面微观结构的沉积层。为了量化分析沉积处表面微观结构的分布特征和三维表面的起伏特征,提出采用沉积层表面结构特征面积占比和表面分形盒...不同试验条件下沉积在EGR(exhaust gas recirculation)冷却器换热管内表面的颗粒物会形成不同表面微观结构的沉积层。为了量化分析沉积处表面微观结构的分布特征和三维表面的起伏特征,提出采用沉积层表面结构特征面积占比和表面分形盒维数两个参数分析沉积层的表面微观结构变化规律,并利用其分析碳氢化合物(HC,hydrocarbons)浓度对沉积层表面微观结构的影响。结果表明:试验气体中的HC等挥发性物质的析出会影响EGR气体中颗粒物的尺寸,改变沉积层表面凹坑和凸起结构的数量和尺寸分布;随着HC浓度的增加,沉积层表面凸起结构所占的面积百分比逐渐增加,凹坑结构所占面积百分比变化较小;用于表征沉积层表面起伏程度的沉积层表面分形盒维数随试验气体中HC浓度的增加而逐渐增加。展开更多
基金This work was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation-Russia(Project No.22-23-00578)NMR measurement was performed according to the Development Program of the Interdisciplinary Scientific and Educational School of Lomonosov Moscow State University"The future of the planet and global environmental change"'X-Ray analysis was supported by the RUDN University Strategic Academic Leadership Program.Elemental and GC analyses were performed with the financial support from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation using the equipment of the Centre for molecularcomposition studies of INEOS RAS.
文摘Nickel(Ⅱ)complexes with pyrazole-based ligands are widely employed in catalysis of ethylene oligomerization and subsequent Friedel-Crafts alkylation of toluene.We have prepared ten new nickel(Ⅱ)dibromide complexes with various substituted bis(azolyl)methanes.They have been characterized using^(1)H NMR,IR,high resolution mass spectrometry and elemental analysis.The structures of three complexes have been unambiguously established using X-ray diffraction.It was found that these complexes in the presence of Et2AlCl or Et_(3)Al_(2)Cl_(3)are active both in ethylene oligomerization and Friedel-Crafts alkylation processes(activity up to 3720 kgoligomer·mol[Ni]^(−1)·h^(−1)).The use of Et_(3)Al_(2)Cl_(3)results in a higher share of alkylated products(up to 60%).Moreover,catalytic systems activated with Et_(3)Al_(2)Cl_(3)produced small amounts of odd carbon number olefins(up to 0.8%).The Friedel-Crafts alkylation was used as a trap for previously undetected short-chain odd carbon number olefins(C_(3)and C_(5)).
文摘Tartaric acid, oxalic acid, glucose, and fructose are highly important compounds. A comprehensive study of these substances is fascinating from a scientific perspective. They are key components found in wine, vegetables, and fruits. Understanding the isotopic compositions in organic compounds is crucial for comprehending various biochemical processes and the nature of substances present in different natural products. Tartaric acid, oxalic acid, glucose, and fructose are widely distributed compounds, including in vegetables and fruits. Tartaric acid plays a significant role in determining the quality and taste properties of wine, while oxalic acid is also prevalent but holds great interest for further research, especially in terms of carbon isotopic composition. We can unveil the mechanisms of processes that were previously impossible to study. Glucose and fructose are the most common monosaccharides in the hexose group, and both are found in fruits, with sweeter fruits containing higher amounts of these substances. In addition to fruits, wheat, barley, rye, onions, garlic, lentils, peppers, dried fruits, beans, broccoli, cabbage, tomatoes, and other foods are also rich sources of fructose and glucose. To determine the mass fraction of the carbon-13 isotope in these compounds, it is important to study their changes during natural synthesis. These compounds can be modified with a carbon center. According to the existing isotopic analysis method, these compounds are converted into carbon oxide or dioxide [1]. At this point, the average carbon content in the given compound is determined, but information about isotope-modified centers is lost. Dilution may occur through the transfer of other carbon-containing organic compounds in the sample or by dilution with natural carbon or carbon dioxide during the transfer process. This article discusses the possibility of carbon-13 isotope propagation directly in these compounds, both completely modified and modified with individual carbon centers. The literature provides information on determining carbon-13 substance in organic compounds, both with a general approach and for individual compounds [2] [3].
基金Project "973",a national fundamental research development program,for its financial support
文摘With the development of the Tazhong No. 1 carbonate gas condensate reservoir in China, it has become more and more important to study the characteristics of gas condensate well deliverability. A single-well radial simulator for dual-permeability reservoirs was established to study the influences of fluid properties, permeability, and pressure drawdown on well deliverability with and without the capillary number effect. The simulation shows that well deliverability basically maintains its initial value and is not affected by the capillary number when the formation pressure is higher than dew-point pressure. However, well deliverability drops rapidly when the formation pressure is lower than dew-point pressure. Even if the condensate dropout is very low, well deliverability without the capillary number effect reduces to 50 percent of its initial value when reservoir pressure declines to 95 percent of dew-point pressure, but well deliverability is significantly improved if the capillary number effect exists. The capillary number effect is most significant when reservoir pressure is just lower than dew point pressure, then the effect decreases; the reduction of well deliverability is mainly caused by the reduction of gas relative permeability of the matrix system near the wellbore.
文摘不同试验条件下沉积在EGR(exhaust gas recirculation)冷却器换热管内表面的颗粒物会形成不同表面微观结构的沉积层。为了量化分析沉积处表面微观结构的分布特征和三维表面的起伏特征,提出采用沉积层表面结构特征面积占比和表面分形盒维数两个参数分析沉积层的表面微观结构变化规律,并利用其分析碳氢化合物(HC,hydrocarbons)浓度对沉积层表面微观结构的影响。结果表明:试验气体中的HC等挥发性物质的析出会影响EGR气体中颗粒物的尺寸,改变沉积层表面凹坑和凸起结构的数量和尺寸分布;随着HC浓度的增加,沉积层表面凸起结构所占的面积百分比逐渐增加,凹坑结构所占面积百分比变化较小;用于表征沉积层表面起伏程度的沉积层表面分形盒维数随试验气体中HC浓度的增加而逐渐增加。
