Effects of carbonaceous conductive fillers on electrical and thermal properties of asphalt-matrix conductive composites

The relationship between thermal/electrical conductivity enhancement in asphalt-matrix mixtures and the properties of filling conductive particles is studied. The thermal properties with filling the carbon fiber, graphite conductive particles in asphalt-matrix mixtures are investigated. Based on the generalized effective medium theory （ EMT ）, the effective thermal and electrical conductivity of carbon fiber/asphalt and graphite/asphalt composites are theoretically elucidated. The theoretical results are found to be in reasonably well agreement with the experimental data. Moreover, the theoretical and experimental results show that the large-aspect-ratio shape of particles can help to achieve a large enhancement of effective conductivity, and the use of disk-like high conductivity particles can limit the additive contents for preserving the volumetric properties and mechanical properties of asphalt composites. The generalized effective medium theory model can be used for predicting the thermal and electrical properties of asphaltmatrix composites, which is still available for most of the thermal/electrical modifications in two-phase composites.

Complex Permittivity and Permeability Studies Viewing Antenna Applications of NBR-Based Composites Comprising Conductive Fillers

The work presents studies on the complex permittivity and permeability of composites based on acrylonitrile butadiene rubber containing combinations of conductive fillers which include carbon black and nickel powder. The properties of those composites, containing each of the fillers at the same amount were compared. The permittivity and permeability values of the composites are influenced remarkably by their morphology and structure as well as by the morphological and structural specifics of both fillers. As electron scanning microscopy studies confirm, those parameters are predetermined by the nature of the composites studied—particle size, particles arrangement in the matrix and their tendency to clustering. Last but not least matrix-filler interface phenomena also impact the characteristics in question. The possibilities for applications of the composites in antennae have been studied, in particular, as substrates and insulating layers in flexible antennae for body centric communications (BCCs). The research results allow the conclusion that these materials can find such applications indeed. Composites of higher conductivity can be used where surface waves are generated to provide on-body communications, while composites of lower conductivity may be used for antennae that will be on the body of a person and will transmit to and receive from other antennas that are not on the body of the same person (off-body communications). It is clear that one can engineer the properties of antennae substrates at microwave frequencies by adjusting the filler content and the type of filler and thus control and tailor the antenna performance specific for a particular application.

Thermal conductivity of natural rubber nanocomposites with hybrid fillers

Natural rubber nanocomposites filled with hybrid fillers of multi-walled carbon nanotubes(CNTs) and carbon black(CB) were prepared. CNTs were ultrasonically modified in mixture of hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) and distilled water(H2O). The functional groups on the surface of CNTs, changes in nanotube structure and morphology were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), Raman Spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). It shows that hydroxyl(OH·) is successfully introduced. The surface defects of modified CNTs were obviously higher than those of original CNTs, and the degree of agglomeration was greatly reduced. Thermal conductivity of the composites was tested by protection heat flow meter method. Compared with unmodified CNTs/CB filling system, the thermal conductivity of hybrid composites is improved by an average of 5.8% with 1.5 phr(phr is parts per hundred rubber) of hydroxyl CNTs and 40 phr of CB filled. A three-dimensional heat conduction network composed of hydroxyl CNTs and CB, as observed by TEM, contributes to the good properties. Thermal conductivity of the hybrid composites increases as temperature rises. The mechanical properties of hybrid composites are also good with hydroxyl CNTs filled nanocomposites;the tensile strength, 100% and 300% tensile stress are improved by 10.1%, 22.4% and 26.2% respectively.

Effect of Geometry of Filler Particles on the Effective Thermal Conductivity of Two-Phase Systems

The present paper deals with the effect of geometry of filler particles on the effective thermal conductivity for polymer composites. In the earlier models, less emphasis has been given on the shape of filler particles. In this paper, expressions for effective thermal conductivity has been derived using the law of minimal thermal resistance and equal law of the specific equivalent thermal conductivity for three different shapes i.e. spherical, elliptical and hexagonal of filler particles respectively. Calculated values of effective thermal conductivity for various samples using the derived expressions then compared with experimental data available and other models developed in the literature. The results calculated are in good agreement with the earlier experimental data and the deviation, is least in our expressions showing the success of the model.

The Critical Role of Fillers in Composite Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery

With excellent energy densities and highly safe performance,solidstate lithium batteries(SSLBs)have been hailed as promising energy storage devices.Solid-state electrolyte is the core component of SSLBs and plays an essential role in the safety and electrochemical performance of the cells.Composite polymer electrolytes(CPEs)are considered as one of the most promising candidates among all solid-state electrolytes due to their excellent comprehensive performance.In this review,we briefly introduce the components of CPEs,such as the polymer matrix and the species of fillers,as well as the integration of fillers in the polymers.In particular,we focus on the two major obstacles that affect the development of CPEs:the low ionic conductivity of the electrolyte and high interfacial impedance.We provide insight into the factors influencing ionic conductivity,in terms of macroscopic and microscopic aspects,including the aggregated structure of the polymer,ion migration rate and carrier concentration.In addition,we also discuss the electrode-electrolyte interface and summarize methods for improving this interface.It is expected that this review will provide feasible solutions for modifying CPEs through further understanding of the ion conduction mechanism in CPEs and for improving the compatibility of the electrode-electrolyte interface.

Fabrication and stiffness optimization of carbon-based composite double polymer compliant electrode

A manufacturing method is proposed for carbon based composite double polymer compliant electrode.The stiffness of this compliant electrode is changed by adjusting the mass fraction of carbon black and the ratios between Ecoflex20 and RT625.Tensile machine is used to test its ductility and hardness.The conductivity is measured through the source table.Finally,it is printed on the dielectric elastomers(DE)film,and the high-voltage amplifier is used for dielectric elastomers actuators(DEAs)dynamics testing.The results show that the compliant electrode has high tensile properties(>200%),low stiffness(<300 kPa)and well conductivity(0.0493 S/cm).It is proved that the DEAs displacement output is up to 1.189 mm by this compliant electrode under dynamic response,which is 1.64 times and 1.32 times of the same type.Moreover,this formula extends the curing time of the original compliant electrode ink.It can provide a reference for the production of compliant electrode and DEAs in the future.

Porous carbon-based thermally conductive materials:Fabrication,functions and applications

The demand for electronic devices has dramatically increased in the past few years.Efficient electronic devices require excellent thermal management systems to extend their operation time and prevent heat accumulation from affecting performance.Carbonaceous materials are considered as one of the ideal thermal management materials due to their excellent physiochemical stability.In addition,since porous-structured carbon materials typically exhibit outstanding thermal conductivity,low density,and large contact area,they have attracted considerable attention from both academia and industry in the last decades.In this review,methods and strategies for the preparation of highly thermally conductive porous carbon-based materials and the factors that influence their thermal conductivity of the materials are summarized.The thermal performance of porous carbonaceous materials fabricated by different approaches and their applications are also discussed.Finally,the potential challenges and strategies for the development and applications of highly thermally conductive porous carbona-ceous materials are discussed.

航天器用界面导热填料应用状态接触传热系数分析

为解决航天器用RKTL-DRZ-2型导热脂及RKTL-DRNJ-1型导热凝胶2种新开发导热填料无实际应用状态下接触传热系数数据的问题,采用试验方法对其接触传热系数进行研究,得到在航天器上设备典型尺寸及不同固定螺钉分布情况下的接触传热系数。试验结果表明:在相同安装状态下,与目前常用的RKTL-DRZ-1型导热脂相比,RKTL-DRZ-2型导热脂对界面接触传热性能改善效果较好,RKTL-DRNJ-1型导热凝胶较差。此外,获取了保证导热填料填充效果的实施经验,并给出了导热填料的选用建议。试验分析结论可应用于选用导热填料时的航天器热设计及热控实施。

新型水泥基电池的制备与电化学性能研究

新型水泥基电池作为一种建筑储能装置,具有成本低、环境友好和可充电性等优点而受到国内外科研工作者的广泛关注。本文将不同导电填料与正、负极活性物质混合研磨,然后经真空干燥处理制成新型水泥基可充电电池的电极,研究了不同导电填料和用量对可充电水泥基电池电化学性能的影响。结果表明:在正、负极活性物质中掺入质量分数为25%的炭黑导电填料的水泥基电池的容量达到12.5 mAh,能量密度为1.575 Wh/m^(2),放电寿命超过了3.3 h,其电化学性能优于相同质量分数的石墨和石墨烯导电填料水泥基电池。

基于PDMS的柔性压阻式传感器的研究进展

近年来,以聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)为主体材料的柔性压阻式传感器的发展十分迅速,在人体运动及健康监测、电子皮肤、智能机器人等领域中具有广阔的应用前景。本文首先介绍了柔性压阻式传感器的传感机理及主要性能指标,然后重点综述了基于PDMS的柔性压阻式传感器的研究进展,特别是在PDMS与不同导电填料结合制备传感器以及微结构构建两个方面进行了详细阐述,最后指出了当前该领域存在的一些问题,并对其发展方向进行了展望。

导热复合材料加工工艺的现状及进展

近年来,随着电气设备以及微电子行业的快速发展,产品逐渐趋向于精密化、小型化,对高性能聚合物导热材料及其制品的精度需求和需求量越来越高。传统工艺较难使制品在满足导热能力的前提下,具备较好的物理性能。因此,如何在较少填料的情况下最大限度地改善材料的综合性能成为目前研究的热点,在该过程中,挤出机螺杆起到了关键作用。文章主要从复合材料加工工艺方面对提高材料的热导率进行了综述,包括熔融共混法、机械力诱导法等,这些方法解决了高聚物热导率低的问题,并提出了研究中存在的问题及改进方向,这对指导制备高导热性能的复合材料具有较高的参考价值。最后,对填充型导热复合材料的发展前景进行了展望。

导热胶导热性能的研究进展与探讨

随着消费电子产品的迅速普及和技术的不断进步,导热胶市场需求不断增加,发展潜力巨大。但在小型化、集成化和便携性电子产品快速发展的同时,也对导热胶的导热性能提出了更高的要求。为此,本文介绍了填充型导热胶的导热机理,论述了传统导热模型的应用范围及有限元模拟预测导热系数的方法。综述了近年来导热胶胶体的研究成果,并着重论述了导热胶填料的种类、形状、粒径、改性及导热填料的混合使用对导热胶导热系数的影响规律,总结了提升导热胶导热系数的方法。

Carbon-based materials with combined functions of thermal management and electromagnetic protection: Preparation, mechanisms, properties, and applications

The proliferation of high-power,highly informationized,and highly integrated electronic devices and weapons equipment has given rise to increasingly conspicuous issues about electromagnetic(EM)pollution and thermal accumulation.These issues,in turn,impose constraints on the performance of such equipment and jeopardize personnel safety.Carbon materials,owing to their diverse and modifiable structures,offer adjustable thermal and electric conductivity,rendering them highly promising for applications in fields such as thermal management and EM protection which have garnered extensive research and review.The pursuit of integrated device and equipment development has elevated the demand for multifunctional materials,prompting significant research into carbon-based composite materials that include both thermal management and EM protection functionalities.Notably,there are no relevant reviews on this topic at present.Consequently,this work consolidates research findings from recent years on carbon matrix composites exhibiting dual attributes of thermal management and EM protection.These attributes include thermally conductive electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials,thermally insulating EMI shielding materials,thermally conductive EM wave(EMW)absorbing materials,and thermally insulating EMW absorbing materials.The paper elucidates the fundamental principles underpinning thermal conduction,thermal insulation,EMW absorbing,and EMI shielding.Additionally,it engages in discussions surrounding areas of contention,design strategies,and the functional properties of various material designs.Ultimately,the paper concludes by presenting the challenges encountered and potential research strategies about composites endowed with both thermal management and EM protection functionalities,while also envisaging the development of novel multifunctional EM protection materials.

Highly Thermally Conductive Polydimethylsiloxane Composites with Controllable 3D GO@f-CNTs Networks via Self-sacrificing Template Method

Constructing controllable thermal conduction networks is the key to efficiently improve thermal conductivities of polymer composites.In this work,graphite oxide(GO)and functionalized carbon nanotubes(f-CNTs)are combined to prepare“Line-Plane”-like hetero-structured thermally conductive GO@f-CNTs fillers,which are then performed to construct controllable 3D GO@f-CNTs thermal conduction networks via selfsacrificing template method based on oxalic acid.Subsequently,thermally conductive GO@f-CNTs/polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)composites are fabricated via casting method.When the size of oxalic acid is 0.24 mm and the volume fraction of GO@f-CNTs is 60 vol%,GO@f-CNTs/PDMS composites present the optimal thermal conductivity coefficient(λ,4.00 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1)),about 20 times that of theλof neat PDMS(0.20 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1)),also much higher than theλ(2.44 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1))of GO/f-CNTs/PDMS composites with the same amount of randomly dispersed fillers.Meanwhile,the obtained GO@f-CNTs/PDMS composites have excellent thermal stability,whoseλdeviation is only about 3%after 500 thermal cycles(20-200℃).

碳填料/天然橡胶复合材料热导率及层间接触热阻对微波加热效果的影响

制备炭黑/天然橡胶(NR)、石墨烯/NR和碳纳米管/NR复合材料,采用试验与数值模拟相结合的方法研究复合材料热导率和层间接触热阻对微波加热的影响。结果表明:炭黑、石墨烯和碳纳米管自身热导率越大,复合材料的热导率越大,层间接触热阻越小;通过增大填料用量来增大复合材料的热导率和减小层间接触热阻具有一定的局限性,需考虑复合材料的配方设计适用性和经济性;复合材料的热导率对微波加热过程中高、低温区域分布规律和微波加热效率基本无影响,但影响复合材料的温度分布均匀性。为保证微波加热硫化均匀性,多层复合材料的层间接触热阻不可忽略。

PVA基复合材料导热性能的研究进展

聚乙烯醇(PVA)基复合材料是一种具有广阔应用前景的高分子材料,导热性能是影响其在热管理、电子器件散热等领域实际应用的重要因素之一。近年来,许多学者对PVA基复合材料的导热性能进行了深入研究,涉及不同的导热填料和制备方法。本文介绍了导热填料的类型、添加量、尺寸与形态对PVA导热性能的影响,以及复合材料的结构设计和界面工程对导热性能的调控,并总结了PVA基复合材料的导热机理及导热性能,为其在各种领域的应用提供了更多的参考。

Enhanced Electrochemical Properties and Optimized Li^(+)Transmission Pathways of PEO/LLZTO-Based Composite Electrolytes Modified by Supramolecular Combination

Poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)and Li_(6.75)La_(3)Zr_(1.75)Ta_(0.25)O_(12)(LLZTO)-based composite polymer electrolytes(CPEs)are considered one of the most promising solid electrolyte systems.However,agglomeration of LLZTO within PEO and lack of Li^(+)channels result in poor electrochemical properties.Herein,a functional supramolecular combination(CD-TFSI)consisting of activeβ-cyclodextrin(CD)supramolecular with self-assembled LiTFSI salt is selected as an interface modifier to coat LLZTO fillers.Benefiting from vast H-bonds formed betweenβ-CD and PEO matrix and/or LLZTO,homogeneous dispersion and tight interface contact are obtained.Moreover,^(6)Li NMR spectra confirm a new Li^(+)transmission pathway from PEO matrix to LLZTO ceramic then to PEO matrix in the as-prepared PEO/LLZTO@CD-TFSI CPEs due to the typical cavity structure ofβ-CD.As a proof,the conductivity is increased from 5.3×10^(-4)S cm^(-1)to 8.7×10^(-4)S cm^(-1)at 60℃,the Li^(+)transference number is enhanced from 0.38 to 0.48,and the electrochemical stability window is extended to 5.1 V versus Li/Li^(+).Li‖LiFePO_(4)CR2032 coin full cells and pouch cells prove the practical application of the as-prepared PEO/LLZTO@CD-TFSI CPEs.This work offers a new strategy of interface modifying LLZTO fillers with functional supramolecular combination to optimize PEO/LLZTO CPEs for solid lithium batteries.

Recent Progress in Fabrication and Structural Design of Thermal Conductive Polymer Composites

In recent years, the demand direction for electronic equipment has expanded into embedded and miniaturized devices. The heat radiation problem has become one of the most significant factors for hindering the development of electronic devices. Since heat radiation material is one of the important components in electronic devices, the demand for enhancing thermal conductivity is also increasingly urgent. Research on thermal conductive polymer composites has become a major direction for developing functional composites. This work reviewed the recent progress in the fabrication of thermal conductive polymer composites. Five different structures are presented, including the using of single fillers,hybrid fillers, double threshold percolation structure, segregated structure and other complex multiphase structures. Specifically, the preparation of high-performance thermal conductive polymer composites was introduced through the combination of various thermal conductive fillers.Finally, the development direction of high thermal conductive polymer composites was briefly explored.

硅橡胶导电网络的研究进展

导电硅橡胶作为导电高分子材料的一个重要分支,其不仅保留了硅橡胶独特的易加工、高回弹性、高耐候性等特性,还可以通过加入导电材料使其自身获得所需的导电性能。本文介绍了导电硅橡胶的分类、导电机理以及导电网络的制备工艺和填料(金属系填料、碳系填料)构筑体系,综述了硅橡胶导电网络构筑的研究进展。

新型导电填料加速形成厌氧氨氧化生物膜及脱氮效能研究

厌氧氨氧化菌(anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria,AnAOB)在实际脱氮工艺中持留能力差,是制约该技术规模化应用的主要技术瓶颈之一。相较于传统生物填料,高温热解轮胎制备成具有导电特性的新型生物填料,不仅可以回收利用固定废弃物,而且能够实现加速AnAOB形成生物膜和提高脱氮效率的双重作用。实验结果表明,800℃最适合用于热解轮胎填料,同时具备更高的电导率和更有利于固定微生物生长特性。相较于单独Anammox组,Anammox+导电填料的NH+4-N、NO-2-N和TN平均去除率比单独Anammox组分别提升了9.12%、13.20%和15.69%,且明显高于聚丙烯(polypropylene,PP)填料的强化效果。Q-PCR分析结果表明,添加导电填料能够促使脱氮菌种丰度增加,其中AnAOB、亚硝酸盐还原菌和硝酸盐还原菌分别增长了50.21%、69.70%和145.59%。该新型导电填料技术的研发,可为Anammox技术推广提供新的思路和数据基础。