Nonlinear Resistance Circuit Subsection Linearity Decomposition Fitting Analysis

The analysis of circuits is frequently required in the electricity of physics. When analyzing circuits, the general idea is to study the issues related to nonlinear resistance circuits based on commonly used physical and electrical theory. Generally, circuits can be divided into linear resistance circuits and nonlinear resistance circuits. However, for some nonlinear resistance circuit, a small part of them are decomposed through subsection linearity while most of them are adopted the form of hieroglyph combination for subsection decomposition fitting analysis. For the following contents, the author will adopt curve layout method to analyze nonlinear resistance element and relation characteristics of voltage and current;to state the characteristics and nature of common electronic elements in our life, and concepts of concave resistance and convex resistance;to analyze the characteristics of nonlinear resistance circuits through electrical circuit analysis method based on the electrical theorem of physics;finally, to analyze referring to actual cases, study the veracity, verify the feasibility and scientificity of the adopted analytical approach, apply image graphics of the resistance circuits in the convenient way to solve complicated design problems among actual electrical problems.

Resistance Anomaly and Linear Magnetoresistance in Thin Flakes of Itinerant Ferromagnet Fe_(3)GeTe_(2)

Research interests in recent years have expanded into quantum materials that display novel magnetism incorporating strong correlations,topological effects,and dimensional crossovers.Fe_(3)GeTe_(2)represents such a twodimensional van der Waals platform exhibiting itinerant ferromagnetism with many intriguing properties.Up to date,most electronic transport studies on Fe_(3)GeTe_(2)have been limited to its anomalous Hall responses while the longitudinal counterpart(such as magnetoresistance)remains largely unexplored.Here,we report a few unusual transport behaviors on thin flakes of Fe_(3)GeTe_(2).Upon cooling to the base temperature,the sample develops a resistivity upturn that shows a crossover from a marginally-ln T to a-T^(1/2)dependence,followed by a lowertemperature deviation.Moreover,we observe a negative and non-saturating linear magnetoresistance when the magnetization is parallel or antiparallel to the external magnetic field.The slope of the linear magnetoresistance also shows a nonmonotonic temperature dependence.We deduce an anomalous contribution to the magnetoresistance at low temperatures with a scaling function proportional-HT^(1/2),as well as a temperature-independent linear term.Possible mechanisms that could account for our observations are discussed.

Multiple linear system techniques for 3D finite element method modeling of direct current resistivity

The strategies that minimize the overall solution time of multiple linear systems in 3D finite element method (FEM) modeling of direct current (DC) resistivity were discussed. A global stiff matrix is assembled and stored in two parts separately. One part is associated with the volume integral and the other is associated with the subsurface boundary integral. The equivalent multiple linear systems with closer right-hand sides than the original systems were constructed. A recycling Krylov subspace technique was employed to solve the multiple linear systems. The solution of the seed system was used as an initial guess for the subsequent systems. The results of two numerical experiments show that the improved algorithm reduces the iterations and CPU time by almost 50%, compared with the classical preconditioned conjugate gradient method.

Linear Thanatin Is an Effective Antimicrobial Peptide against Colistin-Resistant <i>Escherichia coli in Vitro</i>

Colistin has been regarded as the last line antibiotic for treatment of infections caused by multidrug resistant gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, the increasing emergence of colistin resistance among gram-negative bacteria represents a serious problem. The objective of this study was to characterize the effectiveness of the chemically synthesized thanatin in linear form against colistin-resistant E. coli isolated from a pig farm in China. Agar diffusion assay and broth microdilution test were employed to analyze the susceptibility of colistin-sensitive E. coli (ATCC25922) and colistin-resistant E. coli (SHP45) to linear thanatin (L-thanatin). Combinatory effect of linear thanatin and colistin against E. coli was also determined by fractional inhibition concentration index (FICI) analysis. The results showed that L-thanatin at a concentration of 1 mg/ml produced larger inhibition zone on agar against ATCC25922 than SHP45. In the quantitative microdilution test, L-thanatin had the same MIC of 3.2 μg/ml for ATCC25922 and SHP45. Based on the FICI analysis, additive effect was obtained with 1.56 μg/ml of L-thanatin and 0.125 μg/ml of colistin for ATCC25922;but with 1.56 μg/ml of L-thanatin and 0.25 μg/ml of colistin or with 2 μg/ml of colistin and 0.39 μg/ml of L-thanatin for SHP45. These data proved that L-thanatin is an effective antimicrobial peptide against colistin-resistant E. coli.

Optimization Design of Minimum Total Resistance Hull Form Based on CFD Method

In order to reduce the resistance and improve the hydrodynamic performance of a ship, two hull form design methods are proposed based on the potential flow theory and viscous flow theory. The flow fields are meshed using body-fitted mesh and structured grids. The parameters of the hull modification function are the design variables. A three-dimensional modeling method is used to alter the geometry. The Non-Linear Programming(NLP) method is utilized to optimize a David Taylor Model Basin(DTMB) model 5415 ship under the constraints, including the displacement constraint. The optimization results show an effective reduction of the resistance. The two hull form design methods developed in this study can provide technical support and theoretical basis for designing green ships.

The Asymmetric Laplace Law for distribution of aluminum contact resistance in spot welding

This paper investigates the distribution of contact resistance of the aluminum alloy in the squeeze stage. A new method of measuring path＇ s resistance is proposed firstly. Contact resistances are calculated accurately by the systems of 5 linear equations and solutions show that three contact resistances are different. The probability density functions of contact resistance in workpiece/workpiece（ W/W） and upper electrode/workpiece（ E/W） show that the curve shape has steeper peak and heavier tail than that of the normal distribution. Non-parameter hypothesis test is performed and the result shows that R2 , R4 reject the normal distribution using chi-square and kolmogoroo statistic D method. Therefore, the Asymmetric Laplace distribution is fitted to empirical distributions and is applied to quantify the influence of random contact resistance. The result illustrates that AL distribution is very close to contact resistance of W/W and upper E/W and normal distribution has some deviation. The paper is helpful to research the initial nugget conditions, weldability and the transient multi-coupling field.

A Design of Modular Interior Ferrite Magnet Fluxswitching Linear Motor for Track Transport

A novel topology of modular ferrite magnet fluxswitching linear motor(FMFSLM)use for track transport is presented in this paper,which enables more ferrite magnets to be inserted into the primary iron core.The motor has a significant low-cost advantage in long-distance linear drive.The proposed FMFSLM’s structure and working principle were introduced.Further,the thrust force expression of the motor was established.The thrust force components triggering thrust force ripple were investigated,and their expressions can be obtained according to the inductances’Fourier series expressions.Resultantly,the relationship between the harmonics of thrust force and that of self-and mutual inductances was revealed clearly.Based on the relationship,a skewed secondary should be practical to reduce the thrust force ripple.Thus,the effect of employing a skewed secondary to the proposed FMFSLM was investigated,and an optimized skewing span distance was determined.Finite element analysis(FEA)was conducted to validate the exactness of the theoretical analysis.The simulation results indicate that the strategy of suppressing thrust force ripple has a significant effect.Meanwhile,the motor maintains a good efficiency characteristic.The results of the prototype experiment are in good agreement with FEAs,which further verifies the proposed modular interior FMFSLM’s practicability.

Theory of Zero-Resistance States Generated by Radiation in GaAs/AlGaAs

Mani observed zero-registance states similar to those quantum-Hall-effect states in GaAs/AlGaAs but without the Hall resistance plateaus upon the application of radiations [R. G. Mani, Physica E 22, 1 (2004)]. An interpretation is presented. The applied radiation excites “holes”. The condensed composite (c)-bosons formed in the excited channel create a superconducting state with an energy gap. The supercondensate suppresses the non-condensed c-bosons at the higher energy, but it cannot suppress the c-fermions in the base channel, and the small normal current accompanied by the Hall field yeilds a B-linear Hall resistivity.

Effect of linear carboxylic ester on low temperature performance of LiMn_2O_4-graphite cells

To improve the low-temperature performances of Li-ion cells, three types of linear carboxylic ester-based electrolyte, such as EC/EMC/EA（1：1：2, mass ratio）, EC/EMC/EP（1：1：2, mass ratio） and EC/EMC/EB（1：1：2, mass ratio）, were prepared to substitute for industrial electrolyte（EC/EMC/DMC）. Then, 18650-type Li Mn2O4-graphite cells（nominal capacity of 1150 mA ·h） were assembled and studied. Results show that the cells containing three types of electrolyte are able to undertake 5C discharging current with above 93% capacity retention at-20 °C. Electrochemical impedance spectra show that the discharge capacity fading of Li-ion cells at low temperature is mainly ascribed to the charge transfer resistance increasing with temperature decreasing. In comparison, the cells containing electrolyte of 1.0 mol/L LiPF6 in EC/EMC/EA（1：1：2, mass ratio） have the highest capacity retention of 90% at-40 °C and 44.41% at-60 °C, due to its lowest charge-transfer resistance.

Application of the Long-Chain Linear Polyester in Plastification of PVC

The plastification modification of poly （vinyl chloride） （PVC） with the long-chain linear polyester （LP） synthesized by linear dodecanedioic acid （DC12） or tetradecanedioic acid （DC14） with different diols is investigated. The processing characteristics, mechanical properties and extraction property of the PVC/LP blends in different solvents （xylene, cyclohexane, ethanol） were also studied in detail. All results were compared with that of the PVC plasticized with dioctyl phthalate （DOP）. The results show that the molecular weight, molecular structure and loading of LP greatly influence the mechanical properties of the PVC/LP blends. The processability and the mechanical properties of PVC plasticized by LP are comparable to those of the corresponding PVC/DOP blends. However, the PVC/LP blends posses much better migration resistance property than the corresponding PVC/DOP blends, which makes the long-chain linear polyester become a very good plasticizer candidate for PVC industry.

Resistivity measurement of conductive asphalt concrete based on two-electrode method

The objective of this work is to develop a novel methodology for determining real resistivity of conductive asphalt concrete based on two-electrode method.Due to an influence of contact resistance,the measured resistivity is always not equal to the real resistivity.To determine the real resistivity,a linear relationship of the measured resistivity,contact resistance and the real resistivity was established.Then experiments for six specimens with varying graphite contents were designed and performed to validate the formulation.Results of experiments demonstrate that the slope of the line represents contact resistance,and the intercept indicates the real resistivity.The effects of graphite content on contact resistance and real resistivity are also revealed.Finally,results show that the influence of contact resistance on accuracy of resisitvity measurement becomes more serious if graphite content is beyond 3%.Hence,it is the time to choose this novel methodology to determine the real resistivity of asphalt concrete by taking account of contact resistance.

The Solving of the Inverse Thermal Conductivity Problem for Study the Short Linear Heat Pipes

The results of studies by solving the inverse thermal conductivity problem of the heat capacity of evaporator of the short linear heat pipes (HP’s) with a Laval nozzle-liked vapour channel and intended for cooling spacecraft and satellites with strict take-off mass regulation are presented. Mathematical formulation of the inverse problem for the HP’s thermal conductivity in one-dimensional coordinate system is accompanied by the measurement results using the monotonic heating method in a vacuum adiabatic calorimeter the HP’s surface temperatures along the longitudinal axis over the entire temperature load range, thermal resistance, and arrays of thermal power data on the evaporator Qev and vortex flow calorimeter Qcond for the condensation surface allow us to estimate the average value of the evaporator heat capacity Cev by solving the inverse thermal conductivity problem in the HP’s evaporator region. Since at the beginning of working fluid boiling for a certain time interval, the temperature of the capillary-porous evaporator remains close to constant, and with the continuation of heating and by solving the inverse thermal conductivity problem, it becomes possible to calculate the heat capacity of the working evaporator and the evaporation specific heat of the boiling working fluid and compare it with the table values.

全程老化沥青中温抗疲劳性能及预测模型研究

为分析老化沥青胶结料的中温抗疲劳性能,以三种基质沥青和两种改性沥青为试验材料,基于线性振幅扫描试验和黏弹性连续损伤模型,建立了预测模型。结果表明,在线性振幅扫描试验中,随着频率的增大和老化时间的延长,沥青的复合剪切模量增大,相位角减小;改性沥青的相位角明显小于基质沥青,表明改性剂可以增强沥青胶结料的弹性;基质沥青的疲劳寿命随老化时间延长而缩短,其变化存在一个平缓过渡期;精度检验结果表明,建立的非线性预估模型拟合程度高,可用于不同老化时间沥青胶结料疲劳寿命的预测;推荐采用残留疲劳寿命作为老化沥青胶结料中温抗疲劳性能工程的判断指标,并针对不同类型沥青提出了相应技术要求。

废液晶玻璃再生制备低膨胀硼硅玻璃及其理化性能研究

基于废液晶玻璃的高值化再生利用,以废液晶玻璃作为主要原料,石英砂、硼酸、纯碱为辅助原料,制备了低膨胀硼硅玻璃。通过浮力法、压痕法、石英膨胀法和重量试验法,探究了废液晶玻璃和辅助原料(Na_(2)O和B_(2)O_(3))掺量对玻璃理化性能的影响。结果表明:随着废液晶玻璃掺量增加,玻璃密度、线热膨胀系数和耐酸质量损失增大,维氏硬度和耐碱质量损失减小;随着辅助原料中Na_(2)O含量增大,玻璃密度、线热膨胀系数、耐酸质量损失和耐碱质量损失增大,维氏硬度减小;随着辅助原料中B_(2)O_(3)含量增大,玻璃密度和维氏硬度减小,线热膨胀系数和耐酸耐碱质量损失增大;当废液晶玻璃、辅助原料中Na_(2)O和B_(2)O_(3)质量分数分别为60.00%、1.00%和14.72%时,玻璃维氏硬度最大、密度和线热膨胀系数最小,分别为7.1430 GPa、2.3097 g·cm^(-3)和3.5317×10^(-6)℃^(-1);当废液晶玻璃、辅助原料中Na2O和B2O3质量分数为60.00%、3.00%、9.72%时,玻璃耐酸质量损失最小,为0.6140 mg·cm^(-2);当废液晶玻璃、辅助原料中Na2O和B2O3质量分数为70.00%、2.00%、11.67%时,玻璃耐碱质量损失最小,为1.2140 mg·cm^(-2)。

套管式地埋管换热器节能特性的研究与应用

大庆油田进入开发后期存在着一定数量的废弃井,采用套管式地埋管换热器可以获取到废弃井的中深层的地热能。首先对废弃井转换为地热井的可行性进行分析,通过确定中深层地埋管换热方式,建立外入内出型传热计算模型并对废弃井结构改造。再具体分析大庆油田的地层土壤温度分布和确定边界条件,得出符合现实的理论计算公式。进一步分析套管式地埋管换热器取热评价指标与传热影响因素研究,得到流体流量和进口温度对传热影响因素,及循环流体进口温度对运行特性的影响对取热效率的影响规律。最后,通过对两种工况的废弃井现场试验,得到套管式地埋管换热器平均换热量为478.5 kWh。为利用大庆油田1700口废弃井的节能改造找到了一条切实可行的出路。

基于延迟补偿的永磁同步电机并行自抗扰控制

为了解决永磁同步电机在多工况下转速易受到内外扰动的影响,提出一种基于延迟补偿的并行线性自抗扰控制策略。针对永磁同步电机可能受到信号处理、逆变器响应等因素从而引入的外部时滞效应的问题,引入Smith预估器与自抗扰控制相结合,使控制系统更加精确、快速地响应内部参数变化和外部扰动。同时,针对线性自抗扰控制器(LADRC)在有限带宽内其抗扰性能较差的问题,设计了并行线性自抗扰控制器,在保持其带宽不变与参数易于整定的同时,有效提高其抗扰动能力。最后,对自抗扰控制器的稳定性进行了分析,并在此基础上进行了参数设计与扰动性能分析。仿真与实验结果表明,所提算法相比LADRC在电机受到速度阶跃、负载扰动与内部参数变化时,在调整时间上分别提升了52.5%、49.5%与42.4%,从而验证了该控制策略能有效增强永磁同步电机在多工况下抗内外扰动与速度跟踪能力。

ZnO-B_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2) 玻璃对ZnO线性电阻陶瓷结构及电学性能的影响

ZnO线性电阻陶瓷是具有较小的阻温系数和非线性系数且耐受能量较大的新型电气元件。以ZnO-B_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)(ZBS)玻璃为烧结助剂,采用固相烧结法制得ZnO线性电阻陶瓷,研究了ZBS掺量对ZnO线性电阻陶瓷体系烧结温度、物相组成、微观结构以及电学性能的影响。结果表明:当ZBS玻璃掺杂质量分数为0.5%、烧结温度为1150℃时,ZnO线性电阻陶瓷具有最佳的综合性能,其体积密度为5.070 g/cm^(3),相对密度为95.85%,电阻率为1406.6Ω·cm,非线性系数为1.06,电阻温度系数为3.88×10^(-4)℃^(-1)。ZBS玻璃掺杂烧结工艺实现了ZnO线性电阻在1150℃的低温烧结。

爆炸荷载线性强化抗力模型梁构件动力系数研究

目前梁构件抗爆设计动力系数计算常采用理想弹塑性抗力模型,制约着塑性强化抗力构件的精细化抗爆设计。为解决线性强化抗力类型梁构件的爆炸作用动力系数计算问题,由抗力强化系数和阻尼比数值大小关系,分三种情况推导了柔性和刚性两类构件关于延性比的动力系数解析解。有限元分析及规范对比算例表明,本文推导理论公式精度较高,与抗爆设计规范公式计算结果趋势相似;延性比为1时,抗力强化系数与动力系数无关;延性比大于1且抗力强化系数小于0.01时,可忽略抗力强化系数的影响;延性比大于2时,需考虑阻尼参数后完成抗爆设计分析;延性比大于3时且抗力强化系数大于0.1时,线性强化抗力模型具有较好经济效益。

聚乙二醇桥联受阻酚类聚合物型抗氧剂的合成与性能

为改善抗氧剂在聚烯烃制品中易迁移析出这一不良现象,本文以聚乙二醇(PEG)作为桥联基,β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酰氯为功能化基团,通过三乙胺催化反应合成了聚合物型抗氧剂PEG2000桥联受阻酚。通过红外光谱和凝胶渗透色谱对PEG2000桥联受阻酚进行结构表征,通过热重分析仪、熔体流动速率测定仪、紫外-可见分光光度计等考察了PEG2000桥联受阻酚对茂金属线型低密度聚乙烯(mLLDPE)加工稳定性、热稳定性、耐迁移性的影响。实验结果表明,PEG2000桥联受阻酚与mLLDPE的相容性较为良好;加入PEG2000桥联受阻酚后,mLLDPE的熔体流动速率有所下降,起始失重温度上升至436℃,氧化诱导期明显增长,说明mLLDPE的加工稳定性及热稳定性均有所提升;耐迁移性能实验结果表明PEG2000桥联受阻酚具有良好的耐迁移性,且在mLLDPE中的耐迁移性能显著优于商用抗氧剂Irganox 1098。

宽量程高速电阻层析成像系统设计与实验研究

为准确识别水下冲压发动机工作管道截面气液两相流流型,该文提出将电阻层析成像(ERT)技术用于管道截面的图像重建。基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)控制器设计了一套12电极的管道截面高速ERT成像系统,系统采用线性反投影算法对截面图像进行重建,通过实验验证了系统测量结果的正确性以及图像重建的可行性。实验结果表明系统量程可达10 k?、实时测速可达51 f/s,能够准确测量管道截面敏感场内的边界电压,可对模拟环境中的水下冲压发动机管道截面进行图像重建。