The natural clayey soils are usually structural and unsaturated,which makes their mechanical properties quite different from the remolded saturated soils.A structural constitutive model is proposed to simulate the bon...The natural clayey soils are usually structural and unsaturated,which makes their mechanical properties quite different from the remolded saturated soils.A structural constitutive model is proposed to simulate the bonding-breakage micro-mechanism.In this model,the unsaturated soil element is divided into a cementation element and a friction element according to the binary medium theory,and the stress-strain coordination for these two elements is obtained. The cementation element is regarded as elastic,whereas the friction element is regarded as elastoplastic which can be described with the Gallipoli＇s model.The theoretical formulation is verified with the comparative experiments of isotropic compressions on the saturated and unsaturated structural soils.Parametric analyses of the effects of damage variables on the model predictions are further carried out,which show that breakage deformation of natural clayey soils increases with the rising amount of initial defects.展开更多
A new and simple route for the synthesis of α,β-unsaturated ketones via cleavage of the C-C(O)C single bond of monoalkylated β-diketone has been described. The reaction was catalyzed by copper, a cheap transition m...A new and simple route for the synthesis of α,β-unsaturated ketones via cleavage of the C-C(O)C single bond of monoalkylated β-diketone has been described. The reaction was catalyzed by copper, a cheap transition metal in a weakly basic medium (K<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>) at room temperature. To carry out this study, we first had to synthesize the monoalkylated β-diketones 1. Afterwards, α,β-unsaturated ketones 2 were obtained with high yields around 80%. Finally, all the products were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS spectra. .展开更多
During the past few years, with the rapid development of mild methods for the generation of radical species, great progress in radical cascade reactions of unsaturated C–C bonds has been made. Many radical cascade re...During the past few years, with the rapid development of mild methods for the generation of radical species, great progress in radical cascade reactions of unsaturated C–C bonds has been made. Many radical cascade reactions involve functional groups migration, which leads structurally much more diverse, complex and valuable compounds not easily obtained through other methods. In this review, the recent achievements in unsaturated C–C bonds radical cascade reactions involving migration are summarized.展开更多
A mixture of hypophosphorous acid (H3PO2) and iodine in acetic acid can cleave the N-alkyl bond in a variety of N-1 substituted pyrimidine derivative in relatively high yields, without any damage to the amido bond in ...A mixture of hypophosphorous acid (H3PO2) and iodine in acetic acid can cleave the N-alkyl bond in a variety of N-1 substituted pyrimidine derivative in relatively high yields, without any damage to the amido bond in the non-nucleosides pyrimidine base skeleton.展开更多
提出了一种建立非饱和土体宏-细观参数之间关系的方法,来建立在不同孔隙比和含水率等初始条件下非饱和土在不同应力路径下的离散元计算模型;通过编制离散元程序,基于接触粘结模型,对现有的PFC3D(Particle Flow Code in three dimensions...提出了一种建立非饱和土体宏-细观参数之间关系的方法,来建立在不同孔隙比和含水率等初始条件下非饱和土在不同应力路径下的离散元计算模型;通过编制离散元程序,基于接触粘结模型,对现有的PFC3D(Particle Flow Code in three dimensions)离散元程序进行改进,从而对在不同颗粒间粘结强度下的离散元试样进行一维固结的数值模拟试验来确定其结构屈服应力,并以结构屈服应力为桥梁建立颗粒间粘结强度随含水率变化的函数关系,最后建立能够反映真实非饱和土试样颗粒级配和在不同含水量下的离散元数值模型,为通过PFC3D等三维离散元软件研究非饱和土的基本力学特性提供思路.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(50778013)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(2010CB732100)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(8082020).
文摘The natural clayey soils are usually structural and unsaturated,which makes their mechanical properties quite different from the remolded saturated soils.A structural constitutive model is proposed to simulate the bonding-breakage micro-mechanism.In this model,the unsaturated soil element is divided into a cementation element and a friction element according to the binary medium theory,and the stress-strain coordination for these two elements is obtained. The cementation element is regarded as elastic,whereas the friction element is regarded as elastoplastic which can be described with the Gallipoli＇s model.The theoretical formulation is verified with the comparative experiments of isotropic compressions on the saturated and unsaturated structural soils.Parametric analyses of the effects of damage variables on the model predictions are further carried out,which show that breakage deformation of natural clayey soils increases with the rising amount of initial defects.
文摘A new and simple route for the synthesis of α,β-unsaturated ketones via cleavage of the C-C(O)C single bond of monoalkylated β-diketone has been described. The reaction was catalyzed by copper, a cheap transition metal in a weakly basic medium (K<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>) at room temperature. To carry out this study, we first had to synthesize the monoalkylated β-diketones 1. Afterwards, α,β-unsaturated ketones 2 were obtained with high yields around 80%. Finally, all the products were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS spectra. .
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21831002,21801039)Ten Thousand Talents Program,the Jilin Province Natural Science Foundation(20160519003JH)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2412018QD007)
文摘During the past few years, with the rapid development of mild methods for the generation of radical species, great progress in radical cascade reactions of unsaturated C–C bonds has been made. Many radical cascade reactions involve functional groups migration, which leads structurally much more diverse, complex and valuable compounds not easily obtained through other methods. In this review, the recent achievements in unsaturated C–C bonds radical cascade reactions involving migration are summarized.
文摘A mixture of hypophosphorous acid (H3PO2) and iodine in acetic acid can cleave the N-alkyl bond in a variety of N-1 substituted pyrimidine derivative in relatively high yields, without any damage to the amido bond in the non-nucleosides pyrimidine base skeleton.
文摘提出了一种建立非饱和土体宏-细观参数之间关系的方法,来建立在不同孔隙比和含水率等初始条件下非饱和土在不同应力路径下的离散元计算模型;通过编制离散元程序,基于接触粘结模型,对现有的PFC3D(Particle Flow Code in three dimensions)离散元程序进行改进,从而对在不同颗粒间粘结强度下的离散元试样进行一维固结的数值模拟试验来确定其结构屈服应力,并以结构屈服应力为桥梁建立颗粒间粘结强度随含水率变化的函数关系,最后建立能够反映真实非饱和土试样颗粒级配和在不同含水量下的离散元数值模型,为通过PFC3D等三维离散元软件研究非饱和土的基本力学特性提供思路.
