利用6种不同种类农林废弃物(包括小麦秸秆、花生壳、椰壳等)制备生物炭,研究不同生物炭对水中石油的吸附性能。系统考察生物炭种类及投加量、石油种类及浓度、吸附时间等因素对生物炭吸附水中石油效果的影响。结果表明,不同原料制备的...利用6种不同种类农林废弃物(包括小麦秸秆、花生壳、椰壳等)制备生物炭,研究不同生物炭对水中石油的吸附性能。系统考察生物炭种类及投加量、石油种类及浓度、吸附时间等因素对生物炭吸附水中石油效果的影响。结果表明,不同原料制备的生物炭对水中石油均具有较好的吸附性能,吸附量为142.70~493.86 mg g。其中,以小麦秸秆制备的生物炭对石油的吸附量最大,其总孔体积明显大于其他生物炭,为0.155 cm 3 g,含碳官能团也较多。小麦秸秆生物炭吸附水中石油时最佳投加量(ρ)为0.25 g L,吸附平衡时间为60 min,吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程和Langmuir等温吸附模型,即更接近单分子层吸附。生物炭的吸油性能受到多种因素的影响,通过灰色关联度分析得出水中油浓度对生物炭的石油吸附量影响最大。展开更多
Understanding Pakistan's greenhouse gas(GHG)emission status is critical for identifying the national targets for GHG mitigation with respect to the nationally determined contributions(NDCs).This study focuses on t...Understanding Pakistan's greenhouse gas(GHG)emission status is critical for identifying the national targets for GHG mitigation with respect to the nationally determined contributions(NDCs).This study focuses on the development of Pakistan's GHG(C0_(2),CH_(4),and N20)inventories for agriculture,forestry and other land use(AFOLU)and waste sectors using 2006 IPCC Guidelines.This study should be seen as a direct continuation of the preceding one(Part I[Available online at:https://doi.Org/10.1016/j.accre.2020.05.002])which discusses energy and industrial processes and product use in compliance with the 2006 and 1996 IPCC Guidelines.It also provides sector-specific comparative time series(1994-2017)analysis of GHG inventories,identification of key categories,and national GHG emissions trend for Pakistan.The results indicate an average relative difference(on average for time series 1994-2017)of 19%and 6%in total GHG emissions(C0_(2)-eq)from AFOLU and waste sector respectively between 2006 and 1996 IPCC Guidelines.The absolute difference over the entire time series for AFOLU and waste sector was in the range of 3-67 Mt C0_(2)-eq and 1-7 Mt CQ2-eq respectively.Findings further reveal that the quantity of national GHG emissions by 2006 IPCC Guidelines is 10%lower on average for complete time series compared to 1996 IPCC Guidelines.The average relative difference for total national emissions of C0_(2),CH_(4) and N20 is-1%,9%,and 48%respectively.Key category analysis based on 2006 IPCC Guidelines estimates identified three categories,each contributing>10%to the level assessment in the latest year 2017 and accounting for approximately half of the national GHG emissions.In order to further improve the reliability of GHG inventories,Pakistan needs to move from 1996 to 2006 IPCC Guidelines under a higher Tier approach particularly for identified key categories.展开更多
文摘利用6种不同种类农林废弃物(包括小麦秸秆、花生壳、椰壳等)制备生物炭,研究不同生物炭对水中石油的吸附性能。系统考察生物炭种类及投加量、石油种类及浓度、吸附时间等因素对生物炭吸附水中石油效果的影响。结果表明,不同原料制备的生物炭对水中石油均具有较好的吸附性能,吸附量为142.70~493.86 mg g。其中,以小麦秸秆制备的生物炭对石油的吸附量最大,其总孔体积明显大于其他生物炭,为0.155 cm 3 g,含碳官能团也较多。小麦秸秆生物炭吸附水中石油时最佳投加量(ρ)为0.25 g L,吸附平衡时间为60 min,吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程和Langmuir等温吸附模型,即更接近单分子层吸附。生物炭的吸油性能受到多种因素的影响,通过灰色关联度分析得出水中油浓度对生物炭的石油吸附量影响最大。
文摘Understanding Pakistan's greenhouse gas(GHG)emission status is critical for identifying the national targets for GHG mitigation with respect to the nationally determined contributions(NDCs).This study focuses on the development of Pakistan's GHG(C0_(2),CH_(4),and N20)inventories for agriculture,forestry and other land use(AFOLU)and waste sectors using 2006 IPCC Guidelines.This study should be seen as a direct continuation of the preceding one(Part I[Available online at:https://doi.Org/10.1016/j.accre.2020.05.002])which discusses energy and industrial processes and product use in compliance with the 2006 and 1996 IPCC Guidelines.It also provides sector-specific comparative time series(1994-2017)analysis of GHG inventories,identification of key categories,and national GHG emissions trend for Pakistan.The results indicate an average relative difference(on average for time series 1994-2017)of 19%and 6%in total GHG emissions(C0_(2)-eq)from AFOLU and waste sector respectively between 2006 and 1996 IPCC Guidelines.The absolute difference over the entire time series for AFOLU and waste sector was in the range of 3-67 Mt C0_(2)-eq and 1-7 Mt CQ2-eq respectively.Findings further reveal that the quantity of national GHG emissions by 2006 IPCC Guidelines is 10%lower on average for complete time series compared to 1996 IPCC Guidelines.The average relative difference for total national emissions of C0_(2),CH_(4) and N20 is-1%,9%,and 48%respectively.Key category analysis based on 2006 IPCC Guidelines estimates identified three categories,each contributing>10%to the level assessment in the latest year 2017 and accounting for approximately half of the national GHG emissions.In order to further improve the reliability of GHG inventories,Pakistan needs to move from 1996 to 2006 IPCC Guidelines under a higher Tier approach particularly for identified key categories.
