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Progress in Analytical Methods of Halogenated Disinfection By-Products
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作者 Jing Wu 《Proceedings of Business and Economic Studies》 2024年第2期95-99,共5页
Ensuring the health and safety of drinking water is crucial for both nations and their citizens.Since the 20th century,the disinfection of drinking water,effectively controlling pathogens in water sources,has become o... Ensuring the health and safety of drinking water is crucial for both nations and their citizens.Since the 20th century,the disinfection of drinking water,effectively controlling pathogens in water sources,has become one of the significant advances in public health.However,the disinfectants used in the process,such as chlorine and chlorine dioxide,react with natural organic matter in the water to produce disinfection by-products(DBPs).Most of these DBPs contain chlorine,and if the source water contains bromine or iodine,brominated or iodinated DBPs,collectively referred to as Halogenated disinfection byproducts(X-DBPs),are formed.Numerous studies have found that X-DBPs pose potential risks to human health and the environment,leading to widespread concern.Mass spectrometry has become an important means of discovering new types of X-DBPs.This paper focuses on the study of methods for analyzing X-DBPs in drinking water using mass spectrometry. 展开更多
关键词 Halogenated disinfection by-products Drinking water High-resolution mass spectrometry
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Health Risk Assessment of Employees Exposed to Chlorination By-products of Recreational Water in Large Amusement Parks in Shanghai
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作者 Weizhao Cao Yiming Zheng +4 位作者 Wenxuan Zhao Lisha Shi Yunhui Zhang Lijun Zhang Jian Chen 《Biomedical and Environmental Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第8期865-875,共11页
Objective Chlorination is often used to disinfect recreational water in large amusement parks;however,the health hazards of chlorination disinfection by-products(DBPs)to occupational populations are unknown.This study... Objective Chlorination is often used to disinfect recreational water in large amusement parks;however,the health hazards of chlorination disinfection by-products(DBPs)to occupational populations are unknown.This study aimed to assess the exposure status of chlorinated DBPs in recreational water and the health risks to employees of large amusement parks.Methods Exposure parameters of employees of three large amusement parks in Shanghai were investigated using a questionnaire.Seven typical chlorinated DBPs in recreational water and spray samples were quantified by gas chromatography,and the health risks to amusement park employees exposed to chlorinated DBPs were evaluated according to the WHO's risk assessment framework.Results Trichloroacetic acid,dibromochloromethane,bromodichloromethane,and dichloroacetic acid were detected predominantly in recreational water.The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of the five DBPs did not exceed the risk thresholds.In addition,the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of mixed exposure to DBPs were within the acceptable risk limits.Conclusion Typical DBPs were widely detected in recreational water collected from three large amusement parks in Shanghai;however,the health risks of DBPs and their mixtures were within acceptable limits. 展开更多
关键词 Risk assessment WATER Environmental health Occupational exposure Chlorinated disinfection by-product
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Simultaneous Control of Microorganisms and Disinfection By-products by Sequential Chlorination 被引量:4
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作者 CHAO CHEN XIAO-JIAN ZHANG +1 位作者 WEN-JIE HE HONG-DA HAN 《Biomedical and Environmental Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2007年第2期119-125,共7页
Objective To introduce a new sequential chlorination disinfection process in which short-term free chlorine and chloramine are sequentially added. Methods Pilot tests of this sequential chlorination were carried out i... Objective To introduce a new sequential chlorination disinfection process in which short-term free chlorine and chloramine are sequentially added. Methods Pilot tests of this sequential chlorination were carried out in a drinking water plant. Results The sequential chlorination disinfection process had the same or better efficiency on microbe (including virus) inactivation compared with the free chlorine disinfection process. There seemed to be some synergetic disinfection effect between free chlorine and monochloramine because they attacked different targets. The sequential chlorination disinfection process resulted in 35.7%-77.0% TTHM formation and 36.6%-54.8% THAA5 formation less than the free chlorination process. The poorer the water quality was, the more advantage the sequential chlorination disinfection had over the free chlorination. Conclusion This process takes advantages of free chlorine's quick inactivation of microorganisms and chloramine's low disinfection by-product (DBP) yield and long-term residual effect, allowing simultaneous control of microbes and DBPs in an effective and economic way. 展开更多
关键词 disinfection Free chlorine CHLORAMINE disinfection by-products MICROORGANISMS
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Removal of disinfection by-products formation potential by biologically intensified process 被引量:2
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作者 ANDong LIWei-guang +2 位作者 CUIFu-yi HEXin ZHANGJin-song 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2005年第2期315-318,共4页
The removal of disinfection by-products formation potential(DBPFP) in artificially intensified biological activated carbon(IBAC) process which is developed on the basis of traditional ozone granular activated carbon w... The removal of disinfection by-products formation potential(DBPFP) in artificially intensified biological activated carbon(IBAC) process which is developed on the basis of traditional ozone granular activated carbon was evaluated. By IBAC removals of 31% and 68% for THMFP and HAAFP were obtained respectively. Under identical conditions, the removals of the same substances were 4% and 32% respectively only by the granular activated carbon(GAC) process. Compared with GAC, the high removal rates of the two formed potential substances were due to the increasing of bioactivity of the media and the synergistic capabilities of biological degradation cooperating with activated carbon adsorption of organic compounds. A clear linear correlation(R 2=0.9562 and R 2=0.9007) between DOC HAAFP removal rate and Empty Bed Contact Time(EBCT) of IBAC process was observed, while that between THMFP removal rate and EBCT of GAC was R 2=0.9782. In addition certain linear correlations between THMFP, HAAFP and UV 254 (R 2=0.855 and R 2=0.7702) were found for the treated water. For IBAC process there are also more advantages such as long backwashing cycle time, low backwashing intensity and prolonging activated carbon lifetime and so on. 展开更多
关键词 intensified biological activated carbon(IBAC) disinfection by-products formation potential(DBPFP) empty bed contact time water treatment
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Removal characteristics of disinfection by-products formation potential by bioaugmentation activated carbon process
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作者 王广智 李伟光 +2 位作者 黄丽坤 郜玉楠 张多英 《Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series)》 EI CAS 2010年第3期323-327,共5页
The high-active bacteria were screened from 8 dominant bacteria obtained from the natural water body,and then the bioaugmentation activated carbon was formed by hydraulic immobilization of the high-active bacteria. Pl... The high-active bacteria were screened from 8 dominant bacteria obtained from the natural water body,and then the bioaugmentation activated carbon was formed by hydraulic immobilization of the high-active bacteria. Plant-scale studies on removal characteristics of disinfection by-products formation potentials (DBPFP) by bioaugmentation activated carbon process were conducted for micro-polluted raw water treatment. The results show that the bioaugmentation activated carbon process has adopted better purification efficiency to THMFP and HAAFP than traditional biological activated carbon process,and that average removal efficiencies of THMFP and HAAFP can reach 35% and 39.7% during the test period,increasing by more than 10% compared with traditional biological activated carbon process. The removal efficiencies of THMFP and HAAFP are stable because of the biodegradation of the high-active bacteria and the adsorption of active carbon. The biodegradability of CHCl3 formation potential is better as compared with that of CHCl2Br and CHClBr2 formation potentials among THMFP,and high removal efficiency of CHCl3formation potential is obtained by bioaugmentation degradation of the high-active bacteria. The biodegradability of HAAFP is better in comparison with that of THMFP,and the chemical properties of HAAFP are propitious to adsorption of activated carbon. Thus,HAAFP is on predominance during the competitive removal process with THMFP. 展开更多
关键词 BIOAUGMENTATION activated carbon disinfection by-products formation potential high-active bacteria
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Characterization of dissolved organic matter fractions and its relationship with the disinfection by-product formation 被引量:13
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作者 ZHANG Hua QU Jiuhui +1 位作者 LIU Huijuan WEI Dongbin 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2009年第1期54-61,共8页
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) has been identified as precursor for disinfection by-products (DBPs) formation during chlorination. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the characteristics of DOM influence the D... Dissolved organic matter (DOM) has been identified as precursor for disinfection by-products (DBPs) formation during chlorination. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the characteristics of DOM influence the DBPs formation mechanism. A study was, therefore, initiated to investigate the effects of DOM fractions on DBPs formation mechanism. In the chlorination process, organic acids are dominant precursors of total thihalomethanes (TTHM) because of the vc-o and unsaturated structures. Furthermore, the TTHM formation of organic acids was affected by pH more greatly. Based on the fluorescence spectroscopy analysis, DOM fractions contained several fluorescence substances. During chlorination, humic acid-like substances were found to exhibit high chlorine reactivity and hydrophobic organics decomposed to smaller molecules faster than hydrophilic organics even at lower chlorine dosages. Unlike hydrophobic fractions, hydrophilic organics showed no toxicity following chlorination, suggesting that the toxic structures in hydrophihc organics showed high chlorine reactivity during chlorination. 展开更多
关键词 disinfection by-products CHLORINATION CHARACTERISTICS dissolved organic matter
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Less pressure contributes to gravity-driven membrane ultrafiltration with greater performance:Enhanced driving efficiency and reduced disinfection by-products formation potential
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作者 Xiaoting Wu Yufei Li +3 位作者 Zhaoyang Su Long Tian Muhammad Saboor Siddique Wenzheng Yu 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第3期407-419,共13页
Gravity-driven membrane(GDM)systems have been well developed previously;however,impacts of driving(i.e.,transmembrane)pressure on their performance received little attention,which may infuence GDM performance.In this ... Gravity-driven membrane(GDM)systems have been well developed previously;however,impacts of driving(i.e.,transmembrane)pressure on their performance received little attention,which may infuence GDM performance.In this study,we evaluated 4 GDM systems via altering the transmembrane pressure from 50 mbar to 150 mbar with 2 groups,treating surface water in Beijing,China.Results showed that less driving pressure was more favorable.Specifically,compared to groups(150 mbar),groups under a pressure of 50 mbar were found to have greater normalized permeability and lower total resistance.During the whole operation period,the quality of effuents was gradually improved.For example,the removal efficiency of UV254was significantly improved;particularly,under low driving pressure,the removal efficiency of UV254in PES GDM system increased by 11.91%,as compared to the corresponding system under high driving pressure.This observation was consistent with the reduction on disinfection by-products(DBPs)formation potential;groups under 50 mbar achieved better DBPs potential control,indicating the advantages of lower driving pressure.Biofilms were analyzed and responsible for these differences,and distinct distributions of bacteria communities of two GDM systems under 50 and 150 mbar may be responsible for various humic-like substances removal efficiency.Overall,GDM systems under less pressure should be considered and expected to provide suggestions on the design of GDM systems in real applications. 展开更多
关键词 ULTRAFILTRATION Gravity driven operation Membrane fouling Biofilms disinfection by-products
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Waste Water Disinfection During SARS Epidemic for Microbiological and Toxicological Control 被引量:5
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作者 CHAO CHEN XIAO-JIAN ZHANG YUN WANG LING-XIA ZHU JING LIU 《Biomedical and Environmental Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2006年第3期173-178,共6页
Objective To evaluate the disinfection of wastewater in China. Methods During the SARS epidemic occurred in Beijing, a study of different disinfection methods used in the main local wastewater plants including means o... Objective To evaluate the disinfection of wastewater in China. Methods During the SARS epidemic occurred in Beijing, a study of different disinfection methods used in the main local wastewater plants including means of chlorine, chlorine dioxide, ozone, and ultraviolet was carried out in our laboratory. The residual coliform, bacteria and trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids were determined after disinfection. Results Chlorine had fairly better efficiency on microorganism inactivation than chlorine dioxide with the same dosage. Formation of THMs and HAAs does not exceed the drinking water standard. UV irradiation had good efficiency on microorganism inactivation and good future of application in China. Organic material and ammonia nitrogen was found to be significant on inactivation and DBPs formation. Conclusion Chlorine disinfection seems to be the best available technology for coliform and bacteria inactivation. And it is of fairly low toxicological hazard due to the transformation of monochloramine. 展开更多
关键词 Wastewater disinfection Chlorine Chlorine dioxide Ozone Ultraviolet disinfection by-products
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Disinfection of swimming pools with chlorine and derivatives: formation of organochlorinated and organobrominated compounds and exposure of pool personnel and swimmers 被引量:2
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作者 Maria-Cristina Aprea Bruno Banchi +3 位作者 Liana Lunghini Massimo Pagliantini Antonio Peruzzi Gianfranco Sciarra 《Natural Science》 2010年第2期68-78,共11页
Chlorination of pool water leads to the forma-tion of many by-products, chloroform usually being the most abundant. The paper reports the results of a study evaluating exposure of bath-ers and pool employees to trihal... Chlorination of pool water leads to the forma-tion of many by-products, chloroform usually being the most abundant. The paper reports the results of a study evaluating exposure of bath-ers and pool employees to trihalomethanes (chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromo-chloromethane, bromoform) in four indoor swimming pools with chlorinated water. Chlo-roform concentrations in environmental air samples when the pool was in use (about 9 h), in the range 1-182 μg/m3, were greater near the pool than in the change rooms, passageways and offices. Chloroform concentrations in per-sonal air samples of pool employees were in the range 18-138 μg/m3. Urinary concentrations of chloroform averaged (geometric means) 0.123 and 0.165 μg/l and 0.404 and 0.342 μg/l prior and at the end of exposure during in water and out of water activities, respectively. The significant increase in urinary excretion of chloroform confirms that the source of the contaminant was pool water. Absorption of chloroform, estimated from airborne and water concentrations, was significantly correlated with delta chloroform (after/before exposure) and urinary concentra-tions of chloroform at the end of exposure. As chloroform is a toxic and possibly carcinogenic substance, these observations pose a problem principally for the general population of pool users. 展开更多
关键词 disinfection by-products Indoor SWIMMING POOL TRIHALOMETHANES Biological Monitoring EXPOSURE Urine
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Carbonaceous and nitrogenous disinfection by-product formation in the surface and ground water treatment plants using Yellow River as water source 被引量:7
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作者 Yukun Hou Wenhai Chu Meng Ma 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2012年第7期1204-1209,共6页
This work investigated the formation of carbonaceous and nitrogenous disinfection by-products (C-DBPs, N-DBPs) upon chlorination of water samples collected from a surface water and a ground water treatment plant (S... This work investigated the formation of carbonaceous and nitrogenous disinfection by-products (C-DBPs, N-DBPs) upon chlorination of water samples collected from a surface water and a ground water treatment plant (SWTP and GWTP) where the conventional treatment processes, i.e., coagulation, sedimentation, and filtration were employed. Twenty DBPs, including four trihalomethanes, nine haloacetic acids, seven N-DBPs (dichloroacetamide, trichloroacetamide, dichloroacetonitrile, trichloroacetonitrile, bromochloroace- tonitrile, dibromoacetonitrile and trichloronitromethane), and eight volatile chlorinated compounds (dichloromethane (DCM), 1,2-dichloroethane, tetrachloroethylene, chlorobenzene, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene and 1,2,4- trichlorobenzene) were detected in the two WTPs. The concentrations of these contaminants were all below their corresponding maximum contamination levels (MCLs) regulated by the Standards for Drinking Water Quality of China (GB5749-2006) except for DCM (17.1 ~tg/L detected vs. 20 μg/L MCL). The SWTP had much higher concentrations of DBPs detected in the treated water as well as the DBP formation potentials tested in the filtered water than the GWTP, probably because more precursors (e.g., dissolved organic carbon, dissolved organic nitrogen) were present in the water source of the SWTE 展开更多
关键词 carbonaceous disinfection by-products nitrogenous disinfection by-products formation potential free chlorine watertreatment plant
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Identification of key precursors contributing to the formation of CX_(3)R-type disinfection by-products along the typical full-scale drinking water treatment processes 被引量:2
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作者 Xu Yang Shunke Ding +4 位作者 Rong Xiao PinWang Zhenqi Du Ruihua Zhang Wenhai Chu 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第6期81-92,共12页
Identification and characterization of disinfection by-product(DBP)precursors could help optimize drinkingwater treatment processes and improve the quality of finishedwater.This study comprehensively investigated the ... Identification and characterization of disinfection by-product(DBP)precursors could help optimize drinkingwater treatment processes and improve the quality of finishedwater.This study comprehensively investigated the characteristics of dissolved organic matter(DOM),the hydrophilicity and molecule weight(MW)of DBP precursor and DBP-associated toxicity along the typical full-scale treatment processes.The results showed that dissolved organic carbon and dissolved organic nitrogen content,the fluorescence intensity and the SUVA254 value in raw water significantly decreased after the whole treatment processes.Conventional treatment processes were in favor of the removal of high-MW and hydrophobic DOM,which are important precursors of trihalomethane and haloacetic acid.Compared with conventional treatment processes,Ozone integrated with biological activated carbon(O3-BAC)processes enhanced the removal efficiencies of DOM with different MW and hydrophobic fractions,leading to a further decrease in almost all DBP formation potential and DBP-associated toxicity.However,almost 50%of the detected DBP precursors in raw water has not been removed after the coagulation-sedimentation-filtration integrated with O3-BAC advanced treatment processes.These remaining precursors were found to be mainly hydrophilic and low-MW(<1.0 kDa)organics.Moreover,they would largely contribute to the formation of haloacetaldehydes and haloacetonitriles,which dominated the calculated cytotoxicity.Since current drinking water treatment process could not effectively control the highly toxic DBPs,the removal of hydrophilic and low-MW organics in drinking water treatment plants should be focused on in the future. 展开更多
关键词 disinfection by-products Drinking water Characterization Key precursor HYDROPHILICITY MW distribution
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Bacteria inactivation by sulfate radical:progress and non-negligible disinfection by-products 被引量:1
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作者 Xin Zhou Xiaoya Ren +8 位作者 Yu Chen Haopeng Feng Jiangfang Yu Kang Peng Yuying Zhang Wenhao Chen Jing Tang Jiajia Wang Lin Tang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》 SCIE EI CSCD 2023年第3期23-36,共14页
Sulfate radicals have been increasingly used for the pathogen inactivation due to their strong redox ability and high selectivity for electron-rich species in the last decade.The application of sulfate radicals in wat... Sulfate radicals have been increasingly used for the pathogen inactivation due to their strong redox ability and high selectivity for electron-rich species in the last decade.The application of sulfate radicals in water disinfection has become a very promising technology.However,there is currently a lack of reviews of sulfate radicals inactivated pathogenic microorganisms.At the same time,less attention has been paid to disinfection by-products produced by the use of sulfate radicals to inactivate microorganisms.This paper begins with a brief overview of sulfate radicals’properties.Then,the progress in water disinfection by sulfate radicals is summarized.The mechanism and inactivation kinetics of inactivating microorganisms are briefly described.After that,the disinfection by-products produced by reactions of sulfate radicals with chlorine,bromine,iodide ions and organic halogens in water are also discussed.In response to these possible challenges,this article concludes with some specific solutions and future research directions. 展开更多
关键词 Sulfate radicals disinfection by-products Inactivation mechanisms Bacterial inactivation Water disinfection
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Genotoxicity Induced by Low Dose and Mixed Exposure to Haloacetaldehydes,an Emerging Class of Drinking Water Disinfection By-products
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作者 YANG Lili MA Wuren +6 位作者 JIANG Zhiqiang CHEN Yu QIU Meiyue ZHOU Ying James C.CRABBE ZHENG Weiwei QU Weidong 《Chemical Research in Chinese Universities》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2023年第3期481-491,共11页
Haloacetaldehydes(HALs)are the third largest disinfection by-products(DBPs)class by mass in drinking water.Most of them alone in high doses are more cytotoxic and genotoxic than regulated DBPs.However,the toxic effect... Haloacetaldehydes(HALs)are the third largest disinfection by-products(DBPs)class by mass in drinking water.Most of them alone in high doses are more cytotoxic and genotoxic than regulated DBPs.However,the toxic effects of mixed exposure to HALs at environmentally relevant levels are still unknown.Given that genotoxicity is critical for risk assessment,we employed multiple genotoxic tests including the Salmonella typhimurium revertant mutation assay(Ames assay),the single cell gel electrophoresis(SCGE)assay,the cytoplasmic blocking micronucleus(CBMN)assay,and theγ-H2AX assay to investigate the genotoxicity of HALs based on the HALs concentrations and components detected in the finished drinking water of Shanghai,China.The results demonstrated the concentrations of HALs were low,ranging from 0.04µg/L to 4.47µg/L,and the total concentration was 10.85µg/L.Although the mutagenicity of HALs was negative even at 1000-fold concentrations in the real world,mixed exposure to 100 and 1000-fold concentrations HALs resulted in DNA and chromosomal damage in human hepotocyte(HepG2)cells.HALs significantly increased the levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS)andγ-H2AX and activated nuclear factor erythroid-derived factor 2-related factor 2(NRF2)pathway-related protein expressions in HepG2 cells.The antioxidant NAC could ameliorate NRF2 pathway-related protein expression and DNA damage caused by HALs,suggesting that the genotoxicity of mixed exposure to HALs involved cellular oxidative stress and NRF2 pathway activation. 展开更多
关键词 Unregulated disinfection by-product Haloacetaldehyde Mixed exposure GENOTOXICITY
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Impact of ozonation on disinfection byproducts formation from phenylalanine during chlorination
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作者 Sinong Huang Hongwei Liu +5 位作者 Kunming Wei Liang Zhang Xiaoyan Ma Qingsong Li Xueyan Li Andrea M.Dietrich 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第10期199-211,共13页
As a strong oxidizing agent,ozone is used in some water treatment facilities for disinfection,taste and odor control,and removal of organic micropollutants.Phenylalanine(Phe)was used as the target amino acid to compre... As a strong oxidizing agent,ozone is used in some water treatment facilities for disinfection,taste and odor control,and removal of organic micropollutants.Phenylalanine(Phe)was used as the target amino acid to comprehensively investigate variability of disinfection byproducts(DBPs)formation during chlorine disinfection and residual chlorine conditions subsequent to ozonation.The results showed that subsequent to ozonation,the typical regulated and unregulated DBPs formation potential(DBPsFP),including trichloromethane(TCM),dichloroacetonitrile(DCAN),chloral hydrate(CH),dichloroacetic acid(DCAA),trichloroacetic acid(TCAA),and trichloroacetamide(TCAcAm)increased substantially,by 2.4,3.3,5.6,1.2,2.5,and 6.0 times,respectively,compared with only chlorination.Ozonation also significantly increased the DBPs yield under a 2 day simulated residual chlorine condition that mimicked the water distribution system.DBPs formations followed pseudo first order kinetics.The formation rates of DBPs in the first 6 hr were higher for TCM(0.214 hr^(−1)),DCAN(0.244 hr^(−1)),CH(0.105 hr^(−1)),TCAcAm(0.234 hr^(−1)),DCAA(0.375 hr^(−1))and TCAA(0.190 hr^(−1))than thereafter.The peak DBPsFP of TCM,DCAN,CH,TCAcAm,DCAA,and TCAA were obtained when that ozonation time was set at 5–15 min.Ozonation times>30 min increased the mineralization of Phe and decreased the formation of DBPs upon chlorination.Increasing bromine ion(Br^(−1))concentration increased production of bromine-DBPs and decreased chlorine-DBPs formation by 59.3%–92.2%.Higher ozone dosages and slight alkaline favored to reduce DBP formation and cytotoxicity.The ozonation conditions should be optimized for all application purposes including DBPs reduction. 展开更多
关键词 OZONE Amino acids CHLORINATION disinfection by-products
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Research progress of disinfection and disinfection by-products in China 被引量:19
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作者 Xuefeng Sun Miao Chen +1 位作者 Dongbin Wei Yuguo Du 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2019年第7期52-67,共16页
Disinfection is an indispensable water treatment process for killing harmful pathogens and protecting human health. However, the disinfection has caused significant public concern due to the formation of toxic disinfe... Disinfection is an indispensable water treatment process for killing harmful pathogens and protecting human health. However, the disinfection has caused significant public concern due to the formation of toxic disinfection by-products(DBPs). Lots of studies on disinfection and DBPs have been performed in the world since 1974. Although related studies in China started in1980 s, a great progress has been achieved during the last three decades. Therefore, this review summarized the main achievements on disinfection and DPBs studies in China, which included:(1) the occurrence of DBPs in water of China,(2) the identification and detection methods of DBPs,(3) the formation mechanisms of DBPs during disinfection process,(4) the toxicological effects and epidemiological surveys of DBPs,(5) the control and management countermeasures of DBPs in water disinfection, and(6) the challenges and chances of DBPs studies in future. It is expected that this review would provide useful information and reference for optimizing disinfection process, reducing DBPs formation and protecting human health. 展开更多
关键词 disinfection disinfection by-products IDENTIFICATION FORMATION MECHANISMS TOXICOLOGY Control
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Removal of organic matter and disinfection by-products precursors in a hybrid process combining ozonation with ceramic membrane ultrafiltration 被引量:8
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作者 Xiaojiang FAN Yi TAO +3 位作者 Dequan WEI Xihui ZHANG Ying LEI Hiroshi NOGUCHI 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2015年第1期112-120,共9页
The performance of an integrated process including coagulation, ozonation, ceramic ultrafiltration (UF) and biologic activated carbon (BAC) filtration was investigated for the removal of organic matter and disinfe... The performance of an integrated process including coagulation, ozonation, ceramic ultrafiltration (UF) and biologic activated carbon (BAC) filtration was investigated for the removal of organic matter and disinfection by-products (DBPs) precursors from micropolluted surface water. A pilot scale plant with the capacity of 120 m3 per day was set up and operated for the treatment of drinking water. Ceramic membranes were used with the filtration area of 50 m2 and a pore size of 60 nm. Dissolved organic matter was divided into five fractions including hydrophobic acid (HoA), base (HOB) and neutral (HoN), weakly hydrophobic acid (WHOA) and hydrophilic matter (HIM) by DAX-8 and XAD-4 resins. The experiment results showed that the removal of organic matter was significantly improved with ozonation in advance. In sum, the integrated process removed 73% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), 87% of UV254, 77% of trihalomethane (THMs) precursors, 76% of haloacetic acid (HAAs) precursors, 83%of trichloracetic aldehyde (CH) precursor, 77% of dichloroaeetonitrile (DCAN) precursor, 51% of trichloroacetonitrile (TCAN) precursor, 96% of 1,1,1- trichloroacetone (TCP) precursor and 63% of trichloroni- tromethane (TCNM) precursor. Hydrophobic organic matter was converted into hydrophilic organic matter during ozonation/UF, while the organic matter with molecular weight of 1000-3000 Da was remarkably decreased and converted into lower molecular weight organic matter ranged from 200-500 Da. DOC had a close linear relationship with the formation potential of DBPs. 展开更多
关键词 ceramic ultrafiltration(UF) OZONATION organic matter HYDROPHILIC HYDROPHOBIC disinfection by-products
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Disinfection By-Products in Drinking Water, Recycled Water and Wastewater: Formation, Detection, Toxicity and Health Effects: Preface 被引量:3
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作者 Michael J.Plewa Susan D.Richardson 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2017年第8期1-1,共1页
The disinfection of drinking water was an outstanding(and perhaps the most important)public health achievement of the 20^(th) century.According to the United Nations World Health Organization,
关键词 DBPS Recycled Water and Wastewater FORMATION disinfection by-products in Drinking Water PREFACE in
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Occurrence and formation of disinfection by-products in the swimming pool environment: A critical review 被引量:13
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作者 Rhys A.A.Carter Cynthia A.Joll 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2017年第8期19-50,共32页
Disinfection of water for human use is essential to protect against microbial disease;however, disinfection also leads to formation of disinfection by-products(DBPs), some of which are of health concern. From a chem... Disinfection of water for human use is essential to protect against microbial disease;however, disinfection also leads to formation of disinfection by-products(DBPs), some of which are of health concern. From a chemical perspective, swimming pools are a complex matrix, with continual addition of a wide range of natural and anthropogenic chemicals via filling waters, disinfectant addition, pharmaceuticals and personal care products and human body excretions. Natural organic matter, trace amounts of DBPs and chlorine or chloramines may be introduced by the filling water, which is commonly disinfected distributed drinking water. Chlorine and/or bromine is continually introduced via the addition of chemical disinfectants to the pool. Human body excretions(sweat, urine and saliva) and pharmaceuticals and personal care products(sunscreens, cosmetics, hair products and lotions) are introduced by swimmers. High addition of disinfectant leads to a high formation of DBPs from reaction of some of the chemicals with the disinfectant.Swimming pool air is also of concern as volatile DBPs partition into the air above the pool.The presence of bromine leads to the formation of a wide range of bromo-and bromo/chloro-DBPs, and Br-DBPs are more toxic than their chlorinated analogues. This is particularly important for seawater-filled pools or pools using a bromine-based disinfectant.This review summarises chemical contaminants and DBPs in swimming pool waters, as well as in the air above pools. Factors that have been found to affect DBP formation in pools are discussed. The impact of the swimming pool environment on human health is reviewed. 展开更多
关键词 disinfection by-products disinfection Swimming pool Spa Water quality Health effects
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The impact of iodinated X-ray contrast agents on formation and toxicity of disinfection by-products in drinking water 被引量:12
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作者 Clara H.Jeong Edward J.Machek +5 位作者 Morteza Shakeri Stephen E.Duirk Thomas A.Ternes Susan D.Richardson Elizabeth D.Wagner Michael J.Plewa 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2017年第8期173-182,共10页
The presence of iodinated X-ray contrast media(ICM) in source waters is of high concern to public health because of their potential to generate highly toxic disinfection by-products(DBPs). The objective of this st... The presence of iodinated X-ray contrast media(ICM) in source waters is of high concern to public health because of their potential to generate highly toxic disinfection by-products(DBPs). The objective of this study was to determine the impact of ICM in source waters and the type of disinfectant on the overall toxicity of DBP mixtures and to determine which ICM and reaction conditions give rise to toxic by-products. Source waters collected from Akron,OH were treated with five different ICMs, including iopamidol, iopromide, iohexol,diatrizoate and iomeprol, with or without chlorine or chloramine disinfection. The reaction product mixtures were concentrated with XAD resins and the mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the reaction mixture concentrates was measured. Water containing iopamidol generated an enhanced level of mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity after disinfection. While chlorine disinfection with iopamidol resulted in the highest cytotoxicity overall, the relative iopamidol-mediated increase in toxicity was greater when chloramine was used as the disinfectant compared with chlorine. Four other ICMs(iopromide, iohexol, diatrizoate, and iomeprol) expressed some cytotoxicity over the control without any disinfection, and induced higher cytotoxicity when chlorinated. Only iohexol enhanced genotoxicity compared to the chlorinated source water. 展开更多
关键词 disinfection by-products Iodo-DBPs Iodinated X-ray contrast media
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Evaluation of N-acetylcysteine and glutathione as quenching agents for the analysis of halogenated disinfection by-products 被引量:2
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作者 Shunke Ding Menglin Wu +4 位作者 Rong Xiao Chao Fang Qi Wang Bin Xu Wenhai Chu 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2022年第7期71-79,共9页
Disinfection by-products(DBPs), formed from the reactions of disinfectants with natural organic matter and halides in drinking water, were considered to be cytotoxic and genotoxic, and might trigger various cancers. T... Disinfection by-products(DBPs), formed from the reactions of disinfectants with natural organic matter and halides in drinking water, were considered to be cytotoxic and genotoxic, and might trigger various cancers. The relatively low concentration of DBPs in finished water(low μg/L or even ng/L levels) and the interference from water matrix inhibited in situ determination of DBPs. Moreover, the further formation and degradation of DBPs by disinfectants during the holding time(several hours to several days) from sample collection to analysis could adversely affect the determination of DBPs. To obtain accurate, precise and reliable data of DBP occurrence and formation, robust and reliable sample preservation is indispensable. However, the commonly used quenching agents(e.g., sodium sulfite, sodium thiosulfate, and ascorbic acid) for sample preservation can decompose reactive DBPs by reductive dehalogenation. This study evaluated the performance of N-acetylcysteine(NAC) and glutathione(GSH) as quenching agents for the analysis of halogenated DBPs by investigating the stoichiometry of the disinfectant-quenching agent reaction, the formation of DBPs during chlor(am)ination of NAC or GSH, and the effects of NAC or GSH on the stability of 18 individual DBPs and total organic halogen(TOX). Based on the results of this study, NAC and GSH were considered to be ideal quenching agents for the analysis of most DBPs and TOX, except halonitromethanes. 展开更多
关键词 disinfection by-products Total organic halogen Quenching agents N-ACETYLCYSTEINE GLUTATHIONE
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