CMC/PAM/LiCl复合离子导电水凝胶及传感性能

柔性力敏传感器能够将外界的机械刺激转换为相应的电信号,在可穿戴电子设备、电子皮肤、智能机器人等领域得到了广泛的应用。为满足以上应用需求,材料需要具有可变形、拉伸、回弹、导电等性能、较高的灵敏度及较好的重现性。因此,基于双网络结构,以羧甲基纤维素(CMC)与聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)为原料,设计并制备了一种离子水凝胶,并且,探究了交联剂及无机盐含量对水凝胶力学性能及导电性能的影响。结果表明,二者之间的内在相互作用赋予了水凝胶较好的力学强度(150 kPa)及拉伸/回弹性(可压缩/拉伸循环1 000次以上),同时具有较高的透明度,其值为69.1%。将其用作组装压力传感器,具有较高的灵敏度(S=7.13 kPa-1)及较好的重现性(1 000次);将其用作组装应变传感,其仍可以表现出及时的响应(50/60 ms)及较好的稳定性(1 000次)。因此,水凝胶有望应用于人体及智能机器人的活动监测及人机界面等领域。

CMC-PVA-β-CD三元复合水凝胶的制备

以羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)、β-环糊精(β-CD)为原料,在碱性条件下与环氧氯丙烷(ECH)发生交联反应,制备具有高溶胀性能的CMC-PVA-β-CD三元复合水凝胶,并研究了CMC,PVA,ECH,β-CD添加量对水凝胶溶胀性能、力学性能的影响。结果表明:加入20.0 mL水,0.52 g CMC,0.20 g PVA,1.2 mL ECH,0.24 gβ-CD时,水凝胶溶胀率最高,为2 040.62 g/g,压缩应力为7.90 kPa。与PVA-CMC二元水凝胶相比,CMC-PVA-β-CD三元水凝胶的压缩应力和结晶度均有提高。该三元复合水凝胶具有较高的溶胀率和良好的力学性能,在生物医药、消毒杀菌领域具有很高的应用价值。

CMC-Na复合纳米SiO_(2)煤炭阻燃抑尘剂的制备及应用

为解决煤炭储运中的扬尘污染及自燃问题,以改性纳米二氧化硅(SiO_(2))、羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)为主要原料,十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)为表面活性剂,采用水溶液聚合法合成了一种高分子煤炭阻燃抑尘剂。采用FTIR、XRD、SEM、TG等对产品的结构进行了分析表征,并对其阻燃性能、成膜柔韧性、保水性、抗风蚀性、接触角、渗透性等应用性能进行了测试。结果表明,合成的阻燃抑尘剂成膜柔韧;添加此阻燃抑尘剂的煤样在高温燃烧时CO释放量比添加水的煤样降低了63.6%,阻燃性能显著提高,保水性提高了53.4%,抗风蚀性提高了43.1%,满足了煤炭储运中防尘的需求;阻燃抑尘剂在煤表面的接触角比水降低了36.46°,渗透速率是水的5倍,具有良好的渗透固结性能。

紫外光引发制备PAA/CMC高吸水树脂及性能研究

以羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)为骨架,通过紫外光引发聚合将单体丙烯酸(AA)接枝到CMC骨架上,合成PAA/CMC高吸水树脂。采用单因素实验法优化并确定了具有最高吸水能力的树脂的最佳制备条件。结果表明,合成树脂的最优条件为:CMC用量为0.05 g,AA质量浓度为0.48 g/mL,中和度为40%,引发剂和交联剂的用量分别为AA质量的0.3%和0.05%,反应时间55 min。所制备的高吸水树脂在蒸馏水中的最大吸水倍率为1281.21 g/g,在生理盐水中的最大吸水倍率为69.42 g/g。采用红外、热重以及扫描电镜对树脂的结构进行表征。结果表明,该制备方法成功合成了PAA/CMC高吸水树脂,其具有较好的热稳定性,树脂表面有明显的褶皱结构,具有吸水速率快、保水性好等特点。

AMPS-AA接枝CMC制备吸水树脂及性能研究

为了提高丙烯酸吸水树脂的性能,本论文以羧甲基纤维素(CMC)和2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)作为改性剂,丙烯酸(AA)为原料,采用水溶液聚合法,制备了改性聚丙烯酸吸水树脂。实验结果显示,当AA用量为20%,中和度为65%,NMBA、KPS、AMPS的用量分别为单体用量的0.04%、2%、20%,AA和CMC的质量之比为7.5:1,制备得到的改性聚丙烯酸吸水树脂,在去离子水、生理盐水、人工血液和人工尿液中的吸水倍率为850倍、118倍、90倍和75倍。在20℃下100 min后保水率为94%,70℃下50 min后保水率为86%。

接种污泥和pH值对CMC-Na厌氧降解的影响及菌群解析

为揭示羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)的厌氧降解效率,本研究采用间歇培养方式考察了不同类型接种污泥和初始pH值对其厌氧降解的影响,并通过Illumina MiSeq测序揭示了主要功能微生物对初始pH值的响应特征.结果表明,在CMC-Na初始浓度为5g/L条件下,絮状污泥具有较强的水解、发酵产酸能力.但该系统的产氢产乙酸作用和产甲烷作用较差,导致甲烷产率仅为10.0mL/g CMC-Na.相反,颗粒污泥具有较高的甲烷发酵能力,甲烷产率达到了100.2mL/g CMC-Na.初始pH值对CMC-Na厌氧降解影响试验表明,初始pH 4.5和9.5对甲烷生成表现出明显的抑制作用,而在初始pH 7.5和8.5条件下,甲烷产率达到了最大值(123.4和123.2mL/g CMC-Na).Illumina MiSeq测序结果表明,不同初始pH值环境中的微生物组成存在显著差异.在初始pH 7.5条件下,Methanothrix和Methanobacterium为优势产甲烷菌,而Macellibacteroides,Petrimonas,Trichococcus,Anaerofilum和Brooklawnia为优势产酸发酵菌.当初始pH值为4.5和9.5时,Methanosarcina也成为优势产甲烷菌,且主要产酸发酵菌的相对丰度发生了明显变化.

体外透皮递送SPE的CMC/CS/Ca^(2+)复合水凝胶及其抗氧化活性研究

像大豆肽(SPE)这样的肽类物质在药物靶向治疗和诊断等方面有着重要作用,但它们难以抵抗胃部极低的pH环境以及离子障碍,因此难以通过口服的方式进行递送。透皮递送系统可避免胃液的障碍,将药物递送到血液中。文中通过冻融循环成功制备了负载SPE的羧甲基纤维素/阳离子淀粉/Ca^(2+)(CMC/CS/Ca^(2+))复合水凝胶,以克服透皮递送过程中皮肤角质层对水溶性SPE渗透的障碍。颗粒电荷分析(PCD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)以及流变结果表明,CMC、CS及Ca^(2+)之间产生了化学和物理交联作用,形成了稳定的复合水凝胶,且SPE与CS、Ca^(2+)间产生的相互作用使其力学性能可满足透皮递送的要求;扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和比表面积测试(BET)结果表明,这些复合水凝胶内部具有多孔洞的三维网络结构。复合水凝胶的含水率均高于95.63%,在25℃下持续25 min后其保湿率仍在97.34%以上,所有复合水凝胶均在120 min内快速溶胀,在720 min时平衡溶胀分数可达636.23%,说明该复合水凝胶对水具有高度的亲和性,这是SPE透皮递送效率提高的根本原因。体外释放结果表明,SPE从复合水凝胶中的释放为溶胀控释型,且其最大DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基清除率分别可达47.07%和72.16%。3种复合水凝胶中SPE的单位面积累积渗透量分别为0.55、0.70和0.60 mg/cm^(2),其累积渗透百分比分别达到84.13%、92.93%和92.57%。复合水凝胶的外观以及pH值、耐热性、耐寒性均符合QB/T 2872—2017的规定。文中制备的复合水凝胶不仅有望在透皮递送肽及蛋白质类药物上得以应用,在皮肤抗氧化护理方面也具有潜在的应用价值。

A Comparative Assessment of the Efficacy of Carbomer Gel and Carboxymethyl Cellulose Containing Artificial Tears in Dry Eyes

The present study aimed to compare the clinical efficacy of a 0.4% carbomer gel and 1% carboxymethyl cellulose （CMC） containing artificial tears in treatment of dry eye patients. Sixty subjects with mean age of 45.89 years who had symptoms and signs of dry eye were enrolled in this prospective, investigator-masked and stratified random sampling study. The subjects were divided into two parallel groups with 30 subjects （60 eyes） in each group. One group received carbomer gel, and the other group received 1% CMC containing artificial tears. Subjects received the drops 3 to 4 times or more per day for 3 months. At the first visit time, the precorneal residence time of these two drops was measured. The efficacy was assessed by comparing the subjective symptoms （ocular dry- ness, foreign body sensation, burning sensation and pain）, and the objective test results of tears breakup time, Schirmer＇s test and corneal fluorescein staining prior to the study and after the treat- ment. As a result, the ocular residence time of carbomer gel was significantly longer than that of 1% CMC （P〈0.001）. Most of the primary subjective symptoms and objective test results were improved after treatment in both carbomer gel group and 1% CMC group. As to the improvement of each symptom and objective test result, carbomer gel was more effective than 1% CMC group （P〈0.01）. In conclusion, carbomer gel had longer precorneal residence time and was more effective than 1% CMC in the treatment of patients with dry eyes.

Preparation of urea-formaldehyde paraffin microcapsules modified by carboxymethyl cellulose as a potential phase change material

We prepared spherical microcapsules modified by carboxymethyl cellulose（CMC） with urea-formaldehyde（UF） resin as a shell material with a two-step process by in situ polymerization, and characterized the microcosmic features, chemical structure, and thermal performance of the microcapsules by SEM, FTIR, DSC, and TGA. We studied the effects of different experimental parameters of curing p H, the amounts of the emulsifier and emulsion speed. The CMC-UF microcapsules had good heat resistance and stability. The enthalpy of CMC-UF microcapsules reached 50.33 J g-1. Therefore, CMC-UF resin can be used as a potential wall material of phase change materials.

Synthesis and characterization of carboxymethyl cellulose/organic montmorillonite nanocomposites and its adsorption behavior for Congo Red dye

A series of carboxymethyl cellulose/organic montmorillonite （CMC/OMMT） nanocomposites with different weight ratios of carboxymethyl cellulose （CMC） to organic montmorillonite （OMMT） were synthesized under different conditions. The nanocomposites were characterized by the Fourier transform infrared （FT-IR） spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction （XRD） method, transmission electron microscope （TEM）, scanning electron microscope （SEM）, and thermal gravimetric （TG） analysis. The results showed that the introduction of CMC may have different influences on the physico-chemical properties of OMMT and intercalated-exfoliated nanostructures were formed in the nanocomposites. The effects of different reaction conditions on the adsorption capacity of samples for Congo Red （CR） dye were investigated by controlling the amount ofhexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide （CTAB）, the weight ratio of CMC to OMMT, the reaction time, and the reaction temperature. Results from the adsorption experiment showed that the adsorption capacity of the nanocomposites can reach 171.37 rag/g, with the amount of CTAB being 1.0 cation exchange capacity （CEC） of MMT, the weight ratio of CMC to OMMT being l：l, the reaction time being 6 h, and the reaction temperature being 60~C. The CMC/OMMT nanocomposite can be used as a potential adsorbent to remove CR dye from an aqueous solution.

Absorption Capability Comparison of Two Kinds of Super Absorbent Resins from Carboxymethyl Cellulose

The two kinds of super absorbent resins from carboxymethyl cellulose were synthesized with the potassium persulphate and methylenebisacrylamide as initiator and cross linker respectively by radical polymerization in aqueous solution. Thestructures of the two resins were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FTIR, scanning electron miscroscopy （SEM）, and environment scanning electron miscroscopy （ESEM）, the results indicate that the fibriform of the carboxymethyl cellulose （CMC） is disappeared and the crusslink networks in eopolymer of carboxymethyl cellulose-graft-polyacrylic acid（CMC-g-PAA） are denser than that of eopolymer of carboxymethyl cellulose-graft-poly （acrylic acid-co-N-vinyl Pyrrolidone） （CMC-g- PAA-co-PVP）. The comparison between the two resins in absorption capacities is that CMC-g-PAA is better in the water-keep capability being heated, while CMC-g-PAA-co-PVP is better in the water absorbency and salt resistance.

Adsorption Behavior and Inhibition Corrosion Effect of Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose on Mild Steel in Acidic Medium

The effect of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC) on the corrosion behavior of mild steel in 1.0 mol·L-1 HCl solution has been investigated by using weight loss (WL) measurement, potentiodynamic polarization, linear polarization resistance (LPR), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. These results showed that the inhibition efficiency of Na-CMC increased with increasing the inhibitor concentration. Potentiodynamic polarization studies revealed that the Na-CMC was a mixed type inhibitor in 1.0 mol·L-1 HCl. The adsorption of the inhibitor on mild steel surface has been found to obey the Langmuir isotherm. The effect of temperature on the corrosion behavior of mild steel in 1.0 mol·L-1 HCl with addition of 0.04% of Na-CMC has been studied in the temperature range of 298-328 K. The associated apparent activation energy (E*a ) of corrosion reaction has been determined. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been applied to investigate the surface morphology of mild steel in the absence and presence of the inhibitor molecules.

γ⁃Fe2O3@carboxymethyl Cellulose as Potential Oral Nanomedicine for Iron Deficiency Anemia Treatment on Rats

Oral iron supplements such as ferrous iron salts are major treatment agents for iron deficiency anemia(IDA)due to the convenience of large dose administration and good patient compliance.However,the gastrointestinal adverse impact caused by Fe2+stimulus and low bioavailability severely impedes its therapeutic effects.In recent years,it has been found that nano iron⁃based nanoparticles with high surface⁃to⁃volume ratio and low iron ion leakage can alleviate the toxic effect and improve the gastrointestinal absorbance.For further clinical development,nano materials need to meet the pharmaceutical quality demand.Carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC)is a significant pharmaceutical ingredient applied in approved drug formulations,and polyglucosorbitol carboxymethylether(PSC)has been utilized in iron⁃based nanomedicine ferumoxytol synthesis,both of which can be firmly anchored on iron oxide by carboxyl chelation.In this work,iron oxide nanoparticles(NPs)modified with CMC were designed and synthesized,and the structure composition and physicochemical properties were distinctly characterized.Oral supplement effects on rat IDA were investigated and compared with other recently reported iron supplements including NPs modified with PSC.Results show that the oral nano iron supplement achieved the recovery of hemoglobin and serum iron level in only two weeks with high safety.The nano iron oxide modified with pharmaceutical excipients provides new potential approach for oral iron supplement available in clinics.

The Oleic Acid Composition Effect on the Carboxymethyl Cellulose Based Biopolymer Electrolyte

Biopolymer electrolyte based on carboxymethyl cellulose has been prepared by doping with different concentration of oleic acid via solution casting technique. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy was used to study the complexation between the salt and polymer. New peak was observed at 1710, 2850, 2920 cm-1. X-ray diffraction study reveals the amorphous nature of the biopolymer electrolyte. Impedance study shows the highest ionic conductivity, σ, was found to be 2.11 × 10-5 S·cm-1 at room temperature (303 K) for sample containing 20 wt.% of oleic acid and the biopolymer electrolyte obeys Arrhenius behaviour.

Effect of carboxymethyl cellulose on dissolution kinetics of carboxymethyl cellulose-sodium carbonate two-component tablet

Sodium carbonate and carboxymethyl cellulose powders are compressed into two-component tablets with three mass ratios,97%:3%,95%:5% and 93%:7%.The dissolution tests for two-component tablets and reference pure sodium carbonate tablets are carried out at various temperatures.The dissolution process of each tablet is measured by electrical conductivity tracking method and the concentration of dissolved sodium carbonate is quanti fied with calibrated conductivity-concentration converting equation of sodium carbonate.The quanti fied dissolution data is fitted with both surface reaction model and diffusion layer model and the results clearly show that surface reaction model is suggested as the appropriate dissolution model for all measured tablets.Therefore,it is determined that carboxymethyl cellulose is a stable element to remain the dissolution mechanism of tablet unchanged.The dissolution rate constant quanti fied with surface reaction model presents that carboxymethyl cellulose-sodium carbonate two-component tablets obtain signi ficant higher dissolution rate constant than pure sodium carbonate tablet and higher proportion of carboxymethyl cellulose leads to apparent higher dissolution rate constant.The results prove for the usage of carboxymethyl cellulose in most practical applications at a relative low-level,the effect of carboxymethyl cellulose is effective and positive for two-component tablet to enhance the dissolution process and improve dissolution rate constant and this effect is speculated coming from its dynamic physical transforming process in water including dilation and conglutination.

土壤改良剂(CMC)在新垦耕地土壤改良中的应用

比较高分子材料不同施用量对新垦耕地土壤的培肥效果,可为促进新垦耕地快速熟化提供科学依据。以狗牙根为供试作物,通过盆栽试验,研究不同羧甲基纤维素钠(Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose,CMC)施用量(0.04%、0.08%、0.12%、0.16%、0.20%)与蚯蚓粪、复合生物菌剂混施对新垦耕地狗牙根生长和土壤养分的影响。结果表明:与CK相比,不同施用量CMC配合施肥处理下,狗牙根地上部和根系生物量均显著增加,是CK处理的33.8~37.5、5.0~5.9倍,根冠比显著降低84.1%~86.3%,以0.16%CMC处理狗牙根生物量最高;施用CMC处理土壤养分含量有显著影响,土壤有机质、全磷含量在0.16%CMC处理下为最大值,较CK处理分别显著增加187.9%、19.2%;土壤>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量显著增加24.2%~138.9%,以0.20%CMC处理为最大值。综合而言,以0.16%CMC施用量对狗牙根生长的促生作用和土壤有机质、全磷含量的培肥作用最佳,以0.20%CMC施用量对土壤水稳性团聚体含量改良作用最好。

Preparation of Carboxymethyl Cellulose Fibers

Carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC) fibers were produced by extruding the CMC solution into the metal salt coagulation bath and collected with a winding machine.It was found that copper chloride,ferric chloride,cerium chloride,lanthanum chloride and aluminum nitrate solution could be used as coagulation bath to prepare CMC fibers,whereas the metal salt solutions,such as nickel chloride,zinc chloride,calcium chloride and magnesium chloride,could not.The fiber formation is due to the coordination between the carboxylates of CMC and metal ion.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) was applied to studying the coordination mode of CMC and metal ion.The metal salt concentration,pH value and temperature of the coagulation bath affect the tenacity and elongation of the fiber.CMC fibers show good water uptake ability and can adsorb water more than 200% of its own weight.The mechanical behaviors of CMC fiber show dependence on environment humidity.

EFFECT OF METAL IONIC SPECIES AT MINERAL SURFACES ON THE ADSORPTION OF CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE

In this research it was shown that mineral surface metal-lic sites played a decisive role in carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) adsorp-tion, and surface hydrophobicity alone did not have significant effects. Both the carboxymethyl groups and the hydroxyl groups of the CMC par-ticipated in the interaction with mineral surface, with the carboxymethyl groups interacting with metal and metal hydroxyl species, and hydroxyl groups interacting with metal hydroxide species, respectively.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A SILICA-SUPPORTED CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE PLATINUM COMPLEX AND ITS CATALYTIC BEHAVIORS FOR HYDROGENATI0N OF AR0MATICS

A silica-supported carboxymethylcellulose platinum complex (abbreviated as SiO_2-CMC-Pt) has been prepared and characterized by XPS. Its catalytic properties for hydro-genation of aromatic compounds were studied. The results showed that this catalystcould catalyze the hydrogenation of phenol, anisol, p-cresol, benzene and toluene to cyclo-hexanol, cyclohexyl methyl ether, p-methyl cyclohexanol, cyclohexane and methylcyclo-hexane, respectively in 100% yield at 30℃ and 1 atm. In the hydrogenation of phenol,COO/Pt ratio in SiO_2-CMC-Pt has much influence on the initial hydrogenation rate andthe selectivity for the intermediate product, cyclohexanone. The highest initial rate andthe highest yield of cyclohexanone both occur at COO/Pt ratio of 6. The complex is stableduring the reaction and can be used repeatedly.

Preparation of Carboxymethylcellulose from Waste Paper

We aimed at producing sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) from waste paper cellulose.For this etherification,the raw material was waste paper,the cellulose was initially alkalized with NaOH,the etherifying agent was sodium chloroacetate,and the reaction medium was water or ethanol.The method provided by us,i e,a method for preparing CMC from waste paper,was environment-friendly,could be easily implemented,and could be conveniently applied to make waste paper efficiently used with high profit,and to expand the range of usable raw materials for CMC production.We successfully synthesized CMC and prepared CMC plastic membrane.This practice changes waste into valuables,which is beneficial to our living environment.For preparation of CMC,one of the crucial factors is appropriate pretreatment of the cellulose from waste paper.The pretreatment was done with a self-built hydrolysis method.We experimentally examined the effects of the mass ratios of reactants,reaction temperature,time,and reaction environment of homogeneous or heterogeneous on CMC yield.The innovative points of this research could be stated as follows:the reaction activity of cellulose was improved by pre-hydrolysis;synthesizing CMC with cellulose from waste paper changes waste into valuables is beneficial to our living environment;and a freezing treatment for the cellulose-alkali mixture was innovatively added.The effects were exhibited by a desired final conversion efficiency.