紫外光引发制备PAA/CMC高吸水树脂及性能研究

以羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)为骨架,通过紫外光引发聚合将单体丙烯酸(AA)接枝到CMC骨架上,合成PAA/CMC高吸水树脂。采用单因素实验法优化并确定了具有最高吸水能力的树脂的最佳制备条件。结果表明,合成树脂的最优条件为:CMC用量为0.05 g,AA质量浓度为0.48 g/mL,中和度为40%,引发剂和交联剂的用量分别为AA质量的0.3%和0.05%,反应时间55 min。所制备的高吸水树脂在蒸馏水中的最大吸水倍率为1281.21 g/g,在生理盐水中的最大吸水倍率为69.42 g/g。采用红外、热重以及扫描电镜对树脂的结构进行表征。结果表明,该制备方法成功合成了PAA/CMC高吸水树脂,其具有较好的热稳定性,树脂表面有明显的褶皱结构,具有吸水速率快、保水性好等特点。

Adsorption Behavior and Inhibition Corrosion Effect of Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose on Mild Steel in Acidic Medium

The effect of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC) on the corrosion behavior of mild steel in 1.0 mol·L-1 HCl solution has been investigated by using weight loss (WL) measurement, potentiodynamic polarization, linear polarization resistance (LPR), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. These results showed that the inhibition efficiency of Na-CMC increased with increasing the inhibitor concentration. Potentiodynamic polarization studies revealed that the Na-CMC was a mixed type inhibitor in 1.0 mol·L-1 HCl. The adsorption of the inhibitor on mild steel surface has been found to obey the Langmuir isotherm. The effect of temperature on the corrosion behavior of mild steel in 1.0 mol·L-1 HCl with addition of 0.04% of Na-CMC has been studied in the temperature range of 298-328 K. The associated apparent activation energy (E*a ) of corrosion reaction has been determined. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been applied to investigate the surface morphology of mild steel in the absence and presence of the inhibitor molecules.

CMC-Na复合纳米SiO_(2)煤炭阻燃抑尘剂的制备及应用

为解决煤炭储运中的扬尘污染及自燃问题,以改性纳米二氧化硅(SiO_(2))、羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)为主要原料,十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)为表面活性剂,采用水溶液聚合法合成了一种高分子煤炭阻燃抑尘剂。采用FTIR、XRD、SEM、TG等对产品的结构进行了分析表征,并对其阻燃性能、成膜柔韧性、保水性、抗风蚀性、接触角、渗透性等应用性能进行了测试。结果表明,合成的阻燃抑尘剂成膜柔韧;添加此阻燃抑尘剂的煤样在高温燃烧时CO释放量比添加水的煤样降低了63.6%,阻燃性能显著提高,保水性提高了53.4%,抗风蚀性提高了43.1%,满足了煤炭储运中防尘的需求;阻燃抑尘剂在煤表面的接触角比水降低了36.46°,渗透速率是水的5倍,具有良好的渗透固结性能。

Effect of carboxymethyl cellulose on dissolution kinetics of carboxymethyl cellulose-sodium carbonate two-component tablet

Sodium carbonate and carboxymethyl cellulose powders are compressed into two-component tablets with three mass ratios,97%:3%,95%:5% and 93%:7%.The dissolution tests for two-component tablets and reference pure sodium carbonate tablets are carried out at various temperatures.The dissolution process of each tablet is measured by electrical conductivity tracking method and the concentration of dissolved sodium carbonate is quanti fied with calibrated conductivity-concentration converting equation of sodium carbonate.The quanti fied dissolution data is fitted with both surface reaction model and diffusion layer model and the results clearly show that surface reaction model is suggested as the appropriate dissolution model for all measured tablets.Therefore,it is determined that carboxymethyl cellulose is a stable element to remain the dissolution mechanism of tablet unchanged.The dissolution rate constant quanti fied with surface reaction model presents that carboxymethyl cellulose-sodium carbonate two-component tablets obtain signi ficant higher dissolution rate constant than pure sodium carbonate tablet and higher proportion of carboxymethyl cellulose leads to apparent higher dissolution rate constant.The results prove for the usage of carboxymethyl cellulose in most practical applications at a relative low-level,the effect of carboxymethyl cellulose is effective and positive for two-component tablet to enhance the dissolution process and improve dissolution rate constant and this effect is speculated coming from its dynamic physical transforming process in water including dilation and conglutination.

Preparation of Waterborne Nanoscale Carbon Black Dispersion with Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose

Waterborne nanoscale carbon black dispersion （NCBD） was widely used in inkjet printing, spun.dyeing fibers and coloration fabrics. In this paper, NCBD was prepared using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose （CMC） as dispersant. Effects of CMC viscosity, ultrasonic time and oxidation with hydrogen peroxide on carbon black （CB） particle size were discussed. The results showed that CB particle size decreased by mechanical agitation while it Increased by ultrasonic with the increase of CMC viscosity. Uitrasonk is a more effective method to disperse CB particles than that of mechanical agitation. CB particle size lbviously decreased with itcreasing ultrasonic time and arrived at about 160 nm for 60min.In addition,oxidation with 2 mol/L of H2O2 and 0.2wt% of CMC300 reduced CB particle size to 160nm at 90℃ for 2.5h.

接种污泥和pH值对CMC-Na厌氧降解的影响及菌群解析

为揭示羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)的厌氧降解效率,本研究采用间歇培养方式考察了不同类型接种污泥和初始pH值对其厌氧降解的影响,并通过Illumina MiSeq测序揭示了主要功能微生物对初始pH值的响应特征.结果表明,在CMC-Na初始浓度为5g/L条件下,絮状污泥具有较强的水解、发酵产酸能力.但该系统的产氢产乙酸作用和产甲烷作用较差,导致甲烷产率仅为10.0mL/g CMC-Na.相反,颗粒污泥具有较高的甲烷发酵能力,甲烷产率达到了100.2mL/g CMC-Na.初始pH值对CMC-Na厌氧降解影响试验表明,初始pH 4.5和9.5对甲烷生成表现出明显的抑制作用,而在初始pH 7.5和8.5条件下,甲烷产率达到了最大值(123.4和123.2mL/g CMC-Na).Illumina MiSeq测序结果表明,不同初始pH值环境中的微生物组成存在显著差异.在初始pH 7.5条件下,Methanothrix和Methanobacterium为优势产甲烷菌,而Macellibacteroides,Petrimonas,Trichococcus,Anaerofilum和Brooklawnia为优势产酸发酵菌.当初始pH值为4.5和9.5时,Methanosarcina也成为优势产甲烷菌,且主要产酸发酵菌的相对丰度发生了明显变化.

土壤改良剂(CMC)在新垦耕地土壤改良中的应用

比较高分子材料不同施用量对新垦耕地土壤的培肥效果,可为促进新垦耕地快速熟化提供科学依据。以狗牙根为供试作物,通过盆栽试验,研究不同羧甲基纤维素钠(Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose,CMC)施用量(0.04%、0.08%、0.12%、0.16%、0.20%)与蚯蚓粪、复合生物菌剂混施对新垦耕地狗牙根生长和土壤养分的影响。结果表明:与CK相比,不同施用量CMC配合施肥处理下,狗牙根地上部和根系生物量均显著增加,是CK处理的33.8~37.5、5.0~5.9倍,根冠比显著降低84.1%~86.3%,以0.16%CMC处理狗牙根生物量最高;施用CMC处理土壤养分含量有显著影响,土壤有机质、全磷含量在0.16%CMC处理下为最大值,较CK处理分别显著增加187.9%、19.2%;土壤>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量显著增加24.2%~138.9%,以0.20%CMC处理为最大值。综合而言,以0.16%CMC施用量对狗牙根生长的促生作用和土壤有机质、全磷含量的培肥作用最佳,以0.20%CMC施用量对土壤水稳性团聚体含量改良作用最好。

Preparation of Carboxymethyl Cellulose Fibers

Carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC) fibers were produced by extruding the CMC solution into the metal salt coagulation bath and collected with a winding machine.It was found that copper chloride,ferric chloride,cerium chloride,lanthanum chloride and aluminum nitrate solution could be used as coagulation bath to prepare CMC fibers,whereas the metal salt solutions,such as nickel chloride,zinc chloride,calcium chloride and magnesium chloride,could not.The fiber formation is due to the coordination between the carboxylates of CMC and metal ion.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) was applied to studying the coordination mode of CMC and metal ion.The metal salt concentration,pH value and temperature of the coagulation bath affect the tenacity and elongation of the fiber.CMC fibers show good water uptake ability and can adsorb water more than 200% of its own weight.The mechanical behaviors of CMC fiber show dependence on environment humidity.

CMC/CMS-Na双基体高吸水树脂的制备及优化

采用水溶液聚合法,以羧甲基纤维素钠和羧甲基淀粉钠为骨架,添加丙烯酸为接枝单体,过硫酸钾(过硫酸铵)为引发剂,N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,合成了CMC/CMS-Na双基体高吸水性树脂。通过实验研究了该树脂最佳制备条件,此时树脂的吸盐水倍率为125.16%,吸去离子水倍率为1635.91%;重复吸水5次后,该树脂的吸盐水率为76.41%,吸去离子水率为82.48%。本研究制得的高吸水树脂生产成本低、重复吸液后仍能保持较好的吸液能力,具有实际应用价值。

Cu(OH)_(2)/CMC one-dimensional composite-nanofiber-based electrochemical sensor for aspirin detection

Copper-based nanomaterials have been widely used in catalysis,electrodes,and other applications due to their unique electron-transfer properties.In this work,an efficient electrochemical sensor based on an electrode modified with one-dimensional Cu(OH)_(2)/carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC)composite nanofibers was fabricated and investigated for the detection of aspirin.Scanning electron microscopy was employed to examine the morphological characteristics of these composite nanofibers.Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to assess the electrochemical performance of a Cu(OH)_(2)/CMC composite nanofiber-modified electrode.The findings indicate that the modified electrode has a very high sensitivity to aspirin.The observed enhanced performance could be a result of the high surface-to-volume ratio of the composite nanofibers and their superior electron-transport characteristics,which may hasten electron transfer between aspirin and the surfaces of the modified electrode.This detection technique also demonstrated strong selectivity for aspirin.These findings imply that the technique can be applied as a highly effective and selective approach to aspirin measurement in biological science.

茶末/CMC-Na/AL-Na复合膜制备及性能测定

目的 为改善传统保鲜膜带来的环境污染问题,开发出具有较好力学性能和抗菌性的食品包装材料提供理论依据。方法 采用海藻酸钠(AL-Na)和羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)为主要成膜材料,辅助添加茶末通过流延成膜法制备复合膜,以拉伸强度、断裂伸长率等为依据,通过单因素和响应面试验确定茶末/CMC-Na/AL-Na复合膜的最佳工艺。结果 当CMC-Na与AL-Na的体积比为84∶16、茶末添加量为1.43%、干燥温度为50℃、干燥时间为7 h时,复合膜综合性能最优,拉伸强度为16.60 N/mm2,断裂伸长率为19.11%,具有较好的力学性能、耐水性、抗氧化性和抑菌性。结论 制备的茶末/CMC-Na/AL-Na复合膜具有较好的力学性能和抗氧抑菌性能。

羟丙基淀粉植物胶囊的研究

以羟丙基淀粉(HPS)为主料,羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)和海藻酸钠(SA)为增强剂,并辅以凝胶剂和塑化剂,制备了复合植物胶囊HPS/CMC-Na/SA,采用单因素实验和正交实验优化了制备工艺,并通过SEM、FTIR、XRD对其进行表征。结果表明,当HPS加量为85 mg·mL^(-1)、CMC-Na加量为8.5 mg·mL^(-1)、SA加量为4.5 mg·mL^(-1)时,复合植物胶囊的抗拉强度为30.08 MPa,断裂伸长率为14.49%,杨氏模量为1289.77 MPa,800 nm透光率为78.068%,400 nm透光率为63.072%。

土膜耕作法的土壤与作物效应研究

【目的】探索土膜耕作法对农田土壤水分、温度和养分变化的影响,揭示土膜对作物根系生长及产量效应,明确土膜的农业生产价值,为其应用提供理论依据与技术。【方法】在宁夏引黄灌区通过喷施1.0%浓度羧甲基纤维素铵(carboxymethyl cellulose ammonium,CMC-NH4)水溶液促使土膜产生。设CMC-NH4用量0(CK)、50.0(T1)、100.0(T2)、200.0(T3)和300.0 kg·hm^(-2)(T4)5个处理,开展春小麦-夏玉米复种下的土壤水分、温度、养分、微生物、作物根系及产量效应研究。【结果】喷施CMC-NH4的各处理春小麦和夏玉米田土壤日均含水量提高3.3%—7.0%(P<0.05,下同)和1.9%—6.1%,日平均温度提高7.9%—12.6%和5.6%—11.7%,土壤积温增加88.98—141.94℃和60.25—136.65℃;0—30 cm土层根长提高37.5%—17.1%和11.2%—1.7%,根表面积提高15.3%—4.5%和12.5%—9.2%,土层根系干重增加17.0%—41.5%和30.9%—36.7%;提高春小麦籽粒产量7.3%—18.8%和夏玉米地上部干重33.6%—49.0%,提高土壤氮磷钾含量和促进土壤微生物多样性增加。【结论】喷施CMC-NH4形成的土膜具有农田覆盖功能,能够改善土壤水热环境,促进作物养分吸收利用、根系生长、提高产量;土膜耕作法为构造“表实上虚下实”良好耕层结构提供了技术方法,对作物产能提升、农田土壤改良及农业高质量发展有支撑作用。宁夏引黄灌区CMC-NH4推荐喷施量为100.0 kg·hm^(-2)。

高电导率抗冻离子凝胶的制备及性能研究

近年来,可穿戴设备在人体运动、身体体征以及体液检测等方面得到广泛应用。离子凝胶依靠其优异的离子导电性、热稳定性和电化学性能,广泛应用于柔性传感器,包括传感单元和柔性电极。大多数可穿戴传感器对低温条件的适应度不高,这阻碍了其在不同环境下的使用。鉴于此,本工作提出了一种高电导率抗冻离子凝胶,将丙烯酸(AA)、羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)、丙烯酰胺(AAm)三种物质以AA与CMC,AA与AAm,AA、CMC和AAm三种组合相互形成共聚网络,并加入LiCl导电物质来制备一种在低温下依旧能保持良好电化学性能的离子凝胶。在三种类型的离子凝胶中,AA-CMC离子凝胶具有最高的电导率和对金属类器件表面最好的粘附性,对铁片的最大粘附力可达51.39 kPa,同时还具有优良的保湿抗冻功能(在25℃下7 d内失水率仅为4%以及-76℃的凝固点)和207.10%的断裂生长率。AA-CMC离子凝胶具有较好的导电性能(电导率最大为0.617 S/m)及柔软特性,可以组装成可穿戴柔性压力传感器;具有稳定的电化学性能且在长期在低温下也能保持自身的导电性能(-18℃冷冻3周电导率保持约原有的86.3%)。本工作所制备AA-CMC的离子凝胶将有望扩展其在柔性电子设备中的应用范围与使用前景。

mCMC-PEG/mCS-PEG双极膜的制备与表征

以Fe3+改性羧甲基纤维素(mCMC)和聚乙二醇(PEG)共混为阳膜;以戊二醛改性壳聚糖(mCS)和聚乙二醇共混为阴膜,制备了mCMC-PEG/mCS-PEG双极膜.以FTIR测定了膜红外光谱,以扫描电镜观察了膜表面和界面层的形态,以TG进行膜的热重分析.测定了mCMC-PEG和mCS-PEG不同比例共混膜的含水率、离子交换容量、溶胀度,及mCMC-PEG/mCS-PEG双极膜的电性能.研究结果表明,在双极膜材料中引入亲水性的聚乙二醇后,因分子间的相容性增大,故而提高了双极膜的离子交换容量,并减小了膜的溶胀性.当CMC∶PEG质量比等于10∶1和CS∶PEG质量比等于2∶1时所制得的双极膜具有良好的电化学性能,在酸碱溶液中机械强度高、溶胀小.

鱼尾型搅拌桨设计及在羧甲基纤维素钠溶液中的应用

搅拌桨是生物反应器的核心部件,直接影响反应釜内流体的搅拌混合和气液分散性能.基于双色刺尻鱼(Centropyge Bicolor)尾鳍轮廓特征和仿生学原理,设计了一种鱼尾型搅拌桨—FT桨(Fishtail Turbine),应用于羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)溶液的搅拌混合操作.结合计算流体动力学(CFD)和粒子图像测速(PIV)技术,研究了FT桨在纯水、 CMC溶液中的搅拌混合和气液分散性能,并与传统RT桨(Rushton Turbine)进行了对比.结果表明:(1)对于单相流,与RT桨相比,FT桨能增大流场速度、湍动能作用区域;搅拌纯水、 0.25%CMC溶液、 0.5%CMC溶液时,湍动能最大值分别增加39.47%、 23.33%、 18.31%,平均增加31.03%.(2)对于气液两相流,与RT桨相比,FT桨能增大高气含率区域,促进气液分散;搅拌气液两相纯水、 0.25%CMC溶液、 0.5%CMC溶液时,总体气含率分别相对增加8.62%、 9.19%、 2.58%,平均相对增加5.94%,搅拌功耗分别降低4.58%、 4.54%、 4.98%,平均降低4.70%.与RT桨相比,FT桨搅拌CMC溶液具有更优的搅拌混合和气液分散性能,应用前景广阔.

纳米改性CMC的制备、结构表征和性能评价

选用锌类纳米材料ZZ作为纳米复合处理剂的制备原料,采用溶液共混法与乳液共混法为主、机械共混法为辅的共混方法制得了纳米改性材料CMC-ZZ。红外光谱谱图测试结果表明,CMC与ZZ表面通过氢键结合形成吸附层;应用扫描电镜对纳米改性材料进行结构分析表明,纳米材料ZZ与CMC并非简单地混合在一起,而是发生了物理/化学作用;性能评价结果表明,纳米改性材料CMC-ZZ能改善钻井液的护胶性能,降低常温及高温高压滤失量,同时也能提高塑性黏度和动切力,所以CMC-ZZ能明显提高钻井液老化后的表观黏度。因此当需要提高钻井液高温(大于180℃)下的动切力时,可选用纳米改性材料CMC-ZZ。

复合黏结剂对铁精矿球团质量的影响

为充分发掘有机黏结剂对铁精矿球团质量提升的优点,同时弥补有机复合黏结剂削弱成品球抗压强度的不足,本文将蛭石、羧甲基纤维素钠(有机黏结剂)、膨润土进行复配,探究复合黏结剂对铁精矿球团质量的影响,并借助SEM和热重分析探索蛭石改善成品球强度的机理。试验结果表明:在不复配有机黏结剂,仅仅添加1%的膨润土时,球团的落下强度只有1.5次/(0.5 m),抗压强度为8.2 N/P,爆裂温度为550℃,在预热温度为950℃、焙烧温度为1200℃时成品球的强度为3121 N/P;固定膨润土用量,随着有机黏结剂复配比例增加到0.12%,生球落下强度可提升到8.0次/(0.5 m),抗压强度提升到11.3 N/P,但生球的爆裂温度下降到395℃,成品球强度下降到2465 N/P;加入0.03%蛭石+0.12%有机黏结剂+1%膨润土的复合黏结剂后,球团的质量指标最好,球团落下强度可达到6.5次/(0.5 m),抗压强度为13.4 N/P,爆裂温度为362℃,成品球强度在相同条件下可以提升至2764 N/P。SEM和热重分析结果表明:蛭石膨胀能不断填充球团中的孔隙,在焙烧过程中生成液相,有利于固相扩散晶体长大,降低球团孔隙率,从而提升成品球的抗压强度。

C_（14）BE与NaCMC之间的相互作用（Ⅰ）──NaCMC对C_（14）BE表面活性的影响

以表面张力法研究了ＮａＣＭＣ与Ｃ_（１４）ＢＥ之间的相互作用。结果表明：在纯水介质中，ＮａＣＭＣ对Ｃ_１４ＢＥ的表面活性影响较小，但ＮａＣｌ的存在对Ｃ_（１４）ＢＥ与ＮａＣＭＣ间的缔合有促进作用，混合体系的σ～Ｃ曲线出现两个转折点。二者开始缔合的浓度小于ｃｍｃ，完成缔合的浓度大于ｃｍｃ。ｐＨ＝２时，形成Ｃ_（１４）ＢＥ／Ｈ－ＣＭＣ复合物，使Ｃ_（１４）ＢＥ的表面活性降低，σ～Ｃ曲线亦出现两个转折点。

CMC／P(AMPS-co-AA)水凝胶对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附动力学及吸附机理研究

利用液下放电等离子体引发技术在水溶液中一步制得羧甲基纤维素钠/聚(2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸-co-丙烯酸)(CMC/P(AMPS-co-AA))水凝胶.用扫描电镜/X射线能量色散谱(SEM/EDS)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对水凝胶吸附Pb(Ⅱ)前后的形貌和结构进行了表征,同时探讨了该水凝胶对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附动力学行为和机理.结果表明,水凝胶在吸附Pb(Ⅱ)的过程中存在物理作用、离子交换和配位作用,吸附行为符合动力学准二级模型,该水凝胶脱附后还可重复利用.