P16 GENE EXPRESSION IN OVARIAN EPITHELIAL CYSTADENOCARCINOMA

P16 gene expression was measured by immnohistochemical method in poor differentiated serous cystadenocarcinoma cell line, xenograft of highly metastasizing human ovarian carcinoma in nude mice and paramn embedded tissues from 69 patients with ovarian carcinoma. The result showed that P16 gene was positive expression in HO-8910 cell of mother line,HO8910PM cell line and xenograft of highly mcatstasizing human ovarian carcinoma in nude mice. However, P16gene in the metastatic cell had a weaker expression. P16gene positive expression were also found in sl cases of 69cases (73.9%) in the ovarian epithelial carcinoma paramn embedded tissues. Comparative studies showed that the positive rate of P16 gene expression markedly reduced with the increase of pathologic grade and clinical stage,metastasis in the lymph node and decrease of 5-year survival (P<0.05, p<0.01).P16 gene is not only a controller of cytokerastic cycle, but also a key member of tumorigenic suppresser:its absence and expression degree are also correlated with the ovarian carcinoma genesis and development,especially with the metastasis of the ovarian cancer.

Adenocarcinoma of sigmoid colon with metastasis to an ovarian mature teratoma: A case report

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer ranks third in global cancer-related mortality,often due to metastases to liver and lungs.Ovarian metastases are less common,accounting for 3.6%to 7.4%of cases.In contrast,mature ovarian teratomas are frequently benign.Tumor-to-tumor metastasis is a rare phenomenon,with a limited number of documented cases.Three cases of mature ovarian teratomas metastasizing from different cancers have been reported.This report focuses on a case of tumor-totumor metastasis from sigmoid colon adenocarcinoma to a mature ovarian teratoma.CASE SUMMARY A 41-year-old Taiwan residents woman with no known systemic diseases presented with lower back pain,which led to imaging revealing malignant lesions in the spine,pelvis,liver,and multiple lung metastases.She was diagnosed with sigmoid colon adenocarcinoma with metastases to the liver,lung,bone,and a left ovarian teratoma.Treatment involved radiotherapy and chemotherapy,resulting in regression of the primary tumor and stable lung and liver lesions.Due to abdominal symptoms,she underwent exploratory surgery,unveiling a mature teratoma in the left ovary with signs of metastatic adenocarcinoma.CONCLUSION Consider resecting mature ovarian teratomas with concurrent colorectal adenocarcinoma to prevent tumor-to-tumor metastasis.

Surgery in platinum-resistant recurrent epithelial ovarian carcinoma

BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is one of the three most common malignant tumors of the female reproductive tract and ranks first in terms of mortality among gynecological tumors.Epithelial ovarian carcinoma(EOC)is the most common ovarian malignancy,accounting for 90%of all primary ovarian tumors.The clinical value of cytoreductive surgery in patients with platinum-resistant recurrent EOC remains largely unclear.AIM To evaluate the feasibility of secondary cytoreductive surgery for treating platinum-resistant recurrent EOC.METHODS This was a retrospective study of the clinical data of patients with platinumresistant EOC admitted to the Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences between September 2012 and June 2018.Patient baseline data were obtained from clinical records.Routine follow-up of disease progression was performed as follows.CA125 assessment and physical examination were performed every 3 wk during treatment,including gynecological examination.Imaging assessment was carried out every 12 wk by B-mode ultrasound,computed tomography,or magnetic resonance imaging.The primary outcome was progression-free survival(PFS).Secondary outcomes included overall survival(OS),chemotherapy-free interval(CFI),and complications.Follow-up ended on April 15,2019.RESULTS A total of 38 patients were included.R0 resection was achieved in 25(65.8%) patients and R1/2 in 13 (34.2%). Twenty-five (65.8%) patients required organ resection. Nine(23.7%) patients had operative complications, 36 (94.7%) received chemotherapy, and five (13.2%)had targeted therapy. Median PFS and OS were 10 (95%CI: 8.27-11.73) months and 28 (95%CI:12.75-43.25) months, respectively;median CFI was 9 (95%CI: 8.06-9.94) months. R0 resection andpostoperative chemotherapy significantly prolonged PFS and OS (all P < 0.05), and R0 resectionalso significantly prolonged CFI (P < 0.05). Grade ≥ 3 complications were observed, includingrectovaginal fistula (n = 1), intestinal and urinary fistulas (n = 1), and renal failure-associated death(n = 1). Except for the patient who died after surgery, all other patients with complications weresuccessfully managed. Two patients developed intestinal obstruction and showed improvementafter conservative treatment.CONCLUSIONSecondary cytoreductive surgery is feasible for treating platinum-resistant recurrent EOC. Thesefindings provide important references for the selection of clinical therapeutic regimens.

Primary Ovarian Small Cell Carcinoma of Pulmonary Type: Analysis of 6 Cases and Review of 31 Cases in the Literatures

Objective Primary ovarian small cell carcinoma of pulmonary type(SCCOPT)is a rare ovarian tumor with a poor prognosis.The platinum-based chemotherapy is the standard treatment.However,there is little research on the clinical characteristics of SCCOPT and the potential benefits of other treatments due to its low incidence.The study aims to investigate clinicopathological characteristics and treatment of SCCOPT.Methods We summarized the clinical,imaging,laboratorical and pathological characteristics of 37 SCCOPT cases,in which 6 cases were admitted to the Gansu Provincial Hospital from the year of 2008 to 2022 and 31 cases reported in 17 English and 3 Chinese literatures.Results The median age of the studied SCCOPT cases(n=37)was 56.00(range,22-80)years.Almost 80%of them had a stageⅢorⅣtumor.All patients underwent an operation and postoperative chemotherapy.Nevertheless,all cases had a poor prognosis,with a median overall survival time of 12 months.Immunohistochemical y,the SCCOPT of all patients showed positive expressions of epithelial markers,such as CD56 and sex-determining region of Y chromosome-related high-mobility-group box 2(SOX-2),and negative expressions of estrogen receptor,progesterone receptor,vimentin,Leu-7,and somatostatin receptor 2.The tumor of above 80%cases expressed synaptophysin.Only a few cases expressed neuron-specific enolase,chromogranin A,and thyroid transcription factor-1.Conclusions SCCOPT had a poor prognosis.SOX-2 could be a biomarker to be used to diagnose SCCOPT.

SEVEN CASES OF EPITHELIAL OVARIAN CARCINOMA WITH BRAIN METASTASIS

Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of brain metastasis in patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Metbods Retrospective analysis was conducted in 7 cases of brain metastases of epithelial ovarian carcinoma from January 1986 to March 2007 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital for summarizing therapy results and prognosisaffecting factors. Results Incidence of brain metastases of epithelial ovarian carcinoma was about 0. 66% （7/1 055 ）. Serous adenocarcinoma was the predominant pathological type in 4 cases and the subsequent was adenocarcinoma in 3 cases. All the patients were diagnosed at late stage, 6 cases with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics （HGO） stage Ⅲc and 1 with FIGO stage IV. The mean duration from diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma to brain metastasis was 32.7 ± 20. 0 months （range, 23-73 months）. Single metastasis focus occurred in 43% of cases and multiple metastases in 57% of cases. Fifty-seven percent of patients presented extracranial metastasis. Serum CA125 played a role in monitoring reoccur- rence and brain metastases. The average survival time was about 12 months. Better treatment with prolonged survival could be achieved by combination of operation and chemotherapy or combination of radiotherapy with chemotherapy. Concltusions As a rare condition, brain metastasis of epithelial ovarian carcinoma is rising in incidence with improved treatment of ovarian carcinoma and prolonged survival. However, brain metastasis indicates bad prognosis which can be improved by combined therapy.

Epithelial ovarian carcinoma in women aged below 30 years

Objective:To study the manifestation,pathohistologic type,stage of disease,treatment andoutcome of epithelial ovarian carcinoma in women under the age of 30 years.Methods:The 21 cases of epithelial ovarian carcinoma in women aged below 30 years betweenJan,1986 and Mar,2002 were analyzed retrospectively.Results:The median age at the time of diagnosis was 24 years(range,16-29 years).All car-cinomas occurred after menarche.The most common symptoms were abdominal pain(50%),fol-lowed by tympanites(25%)and menstrual disorders(19%).The initial diagnosis was usuallymade by physical examination,ultrasonography and serum CA125.The mean maximal tumor di-ameter was 17.6 cm.Ten patients had Stage Ⅰ disease(5 Ⅰa,5 Ⅰc),five had Stage Ⅲ disease,andthe other six were unknown during staging operation.There were nine mucinous tumors,six se-rous tumors.Most tumors were well-differentiated and classified as Grade1 in 11 cases,Grade2 in2 cases,Grade3 in 2 cases,unknown in 6 cases.Optimal and suboptimal cytoreduction wasachieved in 14 patients in primary treatment and 5 in recurrent treatment.8 patients were treatedwith conservative surgery.18 patients were treated with chemotherapy and 7 patients had experi-enced six or more than six courses of chemotherapy.The median follow-up was 50 months(range,2-192 months).There were 6 deaths,2 alive with tumor,11 alive without the disease,2losing follow-up.The 3-year survival rate was 89%,and 5-year survival rate was 76%.Conclusion:Young patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma appeared to have a less aggres-sive form of the disease and a more favorable prognosis.

Metronomic chemotherapy as a palliative treatment in poor performance status patients with advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma

Objective：The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and tolerability of metronomic chemotherapy in patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma.Methods：Fifteen patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma and bad performance status were subjected to daily cyclophosphamide（CTX） after failure of 1st line chemotherapy which included paclitaxel and carboplatin.Evaluation of the cases during treatment as regard treatment side effects and progression free survival.Results：Patients could tolerate low dose oral cyclophosphamide treatment without considerable side effects with improvement of performance status.The mean progression free survival was 12 months.Conclusion：Low dose oral cyclophosphamide could be considered as a palliative treatment of pretreated ovarian carcinomas with poor performance status.

Maintenance Chemotherapy of Stage Ⅲ Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma-Focusing on Individualized Maintenance Chemotherapy

OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of maintenance chemotherapy on stage Ⅲ ovarian carcinoma. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted of 47 stage Ⅲ ovarian carcinoma patients with clinical complete remission after first-line chemotherapy. Among these patients, 21 cases were treated with maintenance chemotherapy, while the other 26 cases were free of treatment until progression. The 2 groups were compared with respect to progression-free survival （PFS） and overall survival（OS）. RESULTS The median PFS and OS were not significantly different between the 2 groups. For those patients, in a subgroup of suboptimal surgery （residual disease 〉2 cm）, the median PFS was 110 weeks and 56 weeks and the median OS was 223 weeks and 157 weeks for the maintenance and non-treated respectively. Both PFS and OS values favoured the maintenance group, P=0.004 and P=0.015 respectively. In a subgroup of optimal surgery （residual disease ≤2 cm）, the differences were not significant. CONCLUSION Patients with stage III ovarian carcinoma with clinical complete remission may benefit from maintenance chemotherapy, if the residual disease is 〉2 cm. To those with a residual disease ≤2 cm, the maintenance chemotherapy maybe of no value. So “individualized maintenance chemotherapy” should be conducted in the clinical setting.

Chemokine axes CXCL12/CXCR4 and CXCL16/CXCR6 correlate with lymph node metastasis in epithelial ovarian carcinoma

Recent evidence suggests that the chemokine axis of CXC chemokine ligand-12 and its receptor CXC chemokine receptor-4(CXCL12/CXCR4) is highly expressed in gynecological tumors and the axis of CXC chemokine ligand-16 and CXC chemokine receptor-6(CXCL16/CXCR6) is overexpressed in inflammation-associated tumors.This study aimed to determine the relationship between CXCL12/CXCR4,CXCL16/CXCR6 and ovarian carcinoma's clinicopathologic features and prognosis.Accordingly,the expression of these proteins in ovarian tissues was detected by tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry.The expressions of CXCL12/CXCR4 and CXCL16/CXCR6 were significantly higher in epithelial ovarian carcinomas than in normal epithelial ovarian tissues or benign epithelial ovarian tumors.The expression of chemokines CXCL12 and CXCL16 were positively correlated with their receptors CXCR4 and CXCR6 in ovarian carcinoma,respectively(r = 0.300,P < 0.05;r = 0.395,P < 0.05).Moreover,the expression of CXCL12 was related to the occurrence of ascites(χ2 = 4.76,P < 0.05),the expression of CXCR4 was significantly related to lymph node metastasis(χ2 = 4.37,P < 0.05),the expression of CXCR6 was significantly related to lymph node metastasis(χ2 = 7.43,P < 0.05) and histological type(χ2 = 33.48,P < 0.05).In univariate analysis,the expression of CXCR4 and CXCL16 significantly correlated with reduced median survival(χ2 = 4.67,P < 0.05;χ2 = 4.48,P < 0.05).Therefore,we conclude that the chemokine axes CXCL12/CXCR4 and CXCL16/CXCR6 may play important roles in the growth,proliferation,invasion,and metastasis of epithelial ovarian carcinoma.

Study on Tumor Angiogenesis in Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma

To investigate tumor angiogenesis in benign, borderline and malignant epithelial ovarian tumors and its relation with the pathogenesis of ovarian carcinoma, polycolonal antibody directed against human von Willebrand factor (factor Ⅷ ) was used to measure the microvessel density (MVD) in 66 cases (11 benign, 10 borderline, and 45 malignant) of epithelial ovarian tumors by using immunohistochemistry. The results showed that the mean MVD in epithelial ovarian cancer (31. 7 ± 11. 2, 400 × ) was higher than in benign and borderline tumors (16. 7± 6. 3, 20. 7± 8. 8 respectively, P<0. 05). There was no difference in MVDs among those in different tumor grades (P>0. 05). But there was significant difference in MVDs among those in different tumor stages (P< 0. 05). MVD in stage Ⅲ - Ⅳ cancer was higher than that in stage Ⅰ - Ⅱ (P<0. 05). It is concluded that the tumor angiogenesis is an early event in ovarian tumorgenesis. The increased tumor micovessel might be responsible for tumor development.

Oncological and Reproductive Outcomes of Fertility-sparing Surgery in Women with Early-stage Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma:A Multicenter Retrospective Study

Summary:With delayed childbearing in women,preservation of fertility is an important issue for reproductive-age patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma(EOC).Fertility-sparing surgery(FSS)can be considered in patients with early-stage disease in order to preserve fertility and improve quality of life.In order to evaluate oncological safety,attitudes toward childbearing and reproductive outcomes in women with EOC who underwent FSS,this multicenter retrospective study was conducted.Between January 2005 and December 2014,total of 87 young women with FIGO stage I EOC were included,with their clinicopathologic parameters in relation to disease-free survival(DFS)and overall survival(OS)assessed.Attitudes toward childbearing,ovarian function and fertility were studied in women undergoing FSS(n=36).As a result,in contrast to radical sur ery,FSS did not affect prognosis by Kaplan-Meier curves(log-rank test;DFS:P=0.484;OS:P=0.125).However,two of the three recurrence cases and both death cases were in FSS group stage IC.All women undergoing FSS resumed regular menstrual periods after chemotherapy.Only 16(44.44%)had tried to conceive,and 17 pregnancies occurred in 15(93.75%)women.Among 20 women who did not attempt conception,the most common reason was not being married(70%),followed by already having children(15%).In summary,FSS is considered safe in young women with stage IA EOC.Regular menstruation and good obstetric outcomes can be achieved.This study also provides some insight into the attitudes and social factors regarding fertility in EOC patients.

Related Study on the Nm23-H1 Gene Expression in the Model of Ovarian Carcinoma Cell Lines with High Frequent Metastasis

Objective: To select the ovarian carcinoma cell lines with high frequent metastasis and study the association between nm23-H1 gene expression and metastasis of ovarian carcinoma. Methods: Each ovarian cancer cell line was transplanted subcutaneously into the flank of nude mice, and the metastatic behavior was evaluated by counting lung tumor foci at different time points. The metastatic tumors were cultured in vitro, then substrain was established and transplanted subcutaneously three times. The RNA level of nm23 in 8 human ovarian cancer cell lines were examined by northern-blot. Results: Of the 8 human ovarian cancer cell lines, 4 had high requent metastatic potentiality. The expression of nm23 RNA in human ovarian cancer cells was inversely related to metastatic behavior in the experimental animals (r=0.96, P=0.0001). Conclusion: The difference of the tendency of metastasis which was determined by genetic and molecular levels was significant among different type of cell lines and subtypes. The expression of nm23 mRNA in human ovarian carcinomas was correlated closely with the reduced metastatic behavior in experimental animals and may serve as a sensitive prognostic indicator for ovarian cancer.

Clinical characteristics and survival of patients with normal-sized ovarian carcinoma syndrome: Retrospective analysis of a single institution 10-year experiment

BACKGROUND Normal size ovarian cancer syndrome(NOCS)is a challenge for clinicians regarding timely diagnosis and management due to atypical clinical and imaging features.It is extremely rare with only a few cases reported in the literature.More data are needed to clarify its biological behavior and compare the differences with abnormal size ovarian cancer.AIM To assess the clinical and pathological features of NOCS patients treated in our institution in the last 10 years and to explore risk factors for relapse and survival.METHODS Patients who were pathologically diagnosed with NOCS between 2008 and 2018 were included.Papillary serous ovarian carcinoma(PSOC)patients were initially randomly recruited as the control group.Demographics,tumor characteristics,treatment procedures,and clinical follow-up were retrospectively collected.Risk factors for progression-free survival and overall survival were assessed.RESULTS A total of 110 NOCS patients were included;80(72.7%)had primary adnexal carcinoma,two(1.8%)had mesotheliomas,18(16.4%)had extraovarian peritoneal serous papillary carcinoma,and eight(7.3%)had metastatic tumors.Carbohydrate antigen(CA)125 and ascites quantity were lower in the NOCS cohort than in the PSOC group.The only statistically significant risk factors for worse overall survival(P<0.05)were the levels of CA199 and having fewer than six chemotherapy cycles.The 1-year,3-year,and 5-year survival rates were 75.5%,27.7%,and 13.8%,respectively.CONCLUSION The clinical symptoms of the NOCS group are atypical,and the misdiagnosis rate is high.Ascites cytology and laparoscopic exploration are valuable in the early diagnosis to avoid a misdiagnosis.The level of CA199 is the most important predictor of overall survival,and more than six cycles of chemotherapy contributes to the increased survival rates of NOCS patients.

Expressions of HLA class Ⅰ and CD80 in human epithelial ovarian carcinomas

Objective:To determine expressions of HLA class I and CD80 in humanepithelial ovarian carcinomas(EOC) and the clinical significance.Methods:Expression of HLA class I was detected by immunohistochemical technique. Expression of CD80 mRNA was examined by reverse transcriptions-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results:The positive rate of HLA classⅠ was 59.09%.CD80 mRNA was expressed on 9.09% of all 44 EOC tissues.HLA classⅠ expression rate in stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ was lower than that in stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ;in tumors of node-positive patients was lower than that of node-negative patients(P<0.05).In patiens with tumors expressing HLA class Ⅰ antigens,recurrence rate was lower than that in patients with tumors deficient in HLA class Ⅰ(P<0.01).In four patients with tumors expressing CD80 mRNA,recurrence did not occur,in contrast to patients with tumors lacking CD80 mRNA,in whom tumor relapse rate was 57.5%(P<0.05).Relapse ratein tumors deficient both HLA class Ⅰ and CD80 was significantly higher than that of tumors coexpression the two molecules.Conclusions:EOC cells may escapefrom the immune surveillance of the host through downregulating expressions ofHLA class Ⅰ and CD80.Evaluation of expressions of these surface immunoregulatory molecules may be helpful for judging prognoses of EOC patients and guiding immunotherapy.

Study of consolidation chemotherapy in advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma

Objective:A prospective randomized study was designed to evaluate the role of consolidation chemotherapy in advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma.Methods:50 patients with advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma treated in our hospital during the period from March 2000 to October 2005 were enrolled in this study.All patients had achieved clinical complete remission by means of standard treatments,and were randomly divided into consolidation chemotherapy group and control group.Relapse rate,and disease-free survival(DFS)time were analyzed in both groups.Results:24 patients were assigned in consolidation chemotherapy group,and 26 patients in control group.Tumor relapse interval in consolidation group was(26.5±7.4)months,vs.(16.8±7.0)months in control group respectively,P=0.001.Time to relapse(TTR)in consolidation group was(19.2±6.8)months,vs.(10.0±6.9)months in control group,P=0.002.Analysis of DFS time and overall survival time,Log Rank test:P=0.042 and P=0.062,respectively.Conclusions:Consolidation chemotherapy could be the relevant factor that postpones tumor relapse interval and prolongs DFS time in advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma patients who had achived chlinical complete remission.But so far the statistic result of our clinical study is beyond the conclusion that consolidation chemotherapy can decrease relapse rate or increase survival rate.Multicenter randomized clinical trial should be performed to confirm the role of consolidation chemotherapy in advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma.

Breast and Ovarian Carcinoma Overexpress HLA-G, a Neglected Cancer Immunosuppressive Protein

Purpose: HLA-G binds to the inhibitory receptors of uterine NK cells and plays an important role in protection of fetal cells from maternal NK lysis. HLA-G also mediates tumor escape, but the immunosuppressive role is often neglected. These studies have focused on the examination of HLA-G expression in human breast and ovarian carcinoma and HLA-G immunosuppressive role in NK cytolysis. Methods: We examined HLA-G expression in breast and ovarian carcinoma cell lines by real time PCR, ELISA and immunofluorescent staining, and in frozen breast and ovarian carcinoma tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC). We treated the breast cancer cell lines with anti-human HLA-G antibody or progesterone. Then, NK cytolysis was measured by using MTT assay. Results: We find breast and ovarian cancer cell lines increase the expression of HLA-G mRNA and protein, compared to normal cells. IHC shows that 100% of frozen breast and ovarian carcinoma tissues overexpress HLA-G protein. HLA-G IHC scores of breast and ovarian carcinoma are significantly higher than normal breast and ovarian tissues, respectively (both p < 0.01). Blocking HLA-G of the breast cancer cells by the antibody increases NK cytolysis. Progesterone upregulates HLA-G mRNA and protein of human breast cancer cell lines. The increased HLA-G expression by progesterone suppresses the NK cytolysis. Conclusion: Human breast and ovarian carcinoma overexpress HLA-G immunosuppressive molecules. Blocking HLA-G protein by antibody improves the cytolysis of NK cells against human breast cancer cell lines. In contrast, upregulation of HLA-G expression by progesterone impairs NK cytolytic function. Thus, HLA-G is a new immune checkpoint protein and potential cancer immunotherapeutic target.

Epithelial membrane protein 1 negatively regulates cell growth and metastasis in colorectal carcinoma

AIM: To determine the expression and function of epithelial membrane protein 1 (EMP1) in colorectal carcinoma.

Inhibitory Effects of Anti-sense PTTG on Malignant Phenotype of Human Ovarian Carcinoma Cell Line SK-OV-3

To construct eukaryotic expression vector expressing full length anti-sense pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG) mRNA and observe its blocking effect on the potential invasion of human ovarian carcinoma cell line SK-OV-3. PCR primers containing designed enzyme cut sites were used for cloning full-length PTTG gene fragment, and the resulting PCR product was inserted into the eukaryotic vector pcDNA3.1 in the antisense direction. The recombinant vector was then transfected into SK-OV-3 by Lipofectamine. The positive cell clone was screened by G418, PTTG and bFGF at protein level expression were detected by Western blot. The biological behavior change of transfection positive cells was observed by colony formation in soft agar assay. Our results showed that SK-OV-3 clones stably expressing full-length recombinant pcDNA3.1-PTTGas were obtained. The expressions of PTTG and bFGF protein in transfected cells were decreased by 61.5 % and 52.3%, respectively as compared with non-transfected ones. The number of colony formation was reduced significantly in transfected cells as compared with empty vector transfected and non-transfected cells. It is concluded that the recombinant vector pcDNA3.1-PTTGas is a novel tool and provides an alternative anti-sense gene therapy targeted at PTTG in human carcinoma.

THE ASSOCIATION OF THE EXPRESSION OF MTA1, NM23H1 WITH THE INVASION, METASTASIS OF OVARIAN CARCINOMA

Objective. To understanding the molecular mechanisms in invasion andmetastasis of the ovarian carcinoma, we investigate a novel candidate metastasis―associated gene (MTA1) and nm23Hl mRNA expression and mutation in ovarian carcinoma. Methods. Twenty primary ovariancarcinoma specimens, 20 corresponding lymph nodes and 8 normal ovarian was examined for mRNAexpression and mutation of MTA1 and nm23Hl genes by reverse-transcription ploymerase chain reaction(RT―PCR) and RT―PCR―SSCP analysis. The level of the expression was determined by the relativeoptic desity (ROD) of the PCR products. Results. The frequency of MAT1 overexpression was 100% (7/7)in primary ovarian carcinoma with metastasis but only 38.5% (5/13) in those without metastasis(P=0.0103). Overexpression of MAT1 was observed in 87.5% (6/7) of lymph nodes with metastasis butonly 23% (3/13). of lymph nodes without metastasis (P=0.0118). In contrast with MAT1, low expressionof nm23H1 mRNA was seen in 7 of 7 o-varian carcinoma with metastasis but only in 4 of 13(30%) ofthose without metastassis (P=0.0043). Low nm23H1 expression was also seen in 7 of 7 lymph nodes withmetastasis but only in 5 of 13 (38.5%) nonmetastatic lymph nodes (P=0.0102). The ROD ratio of MAT1to nm23Hl increased with the development of metastasis. No mutation of MAT1 and nm23H1 genes wasfound by SSCP analysis. Conclusion. The mRNA expression of MTA1 and nm23H1 is positively andnegatively correlated with lymph node metastasis, respectively. Expression abnormalities but notmutation of the two genes are frequent events related to lymph node metastasis of ovarian cancer.

Expressions of beta-catenin, APC Protein, C-myc and Cyclin D1 in Ovarian Epithelial Tumor and Their Implication

Objective： To investigate the expressions of beta-catenin, protein APC （adenomatous polyposis coil protein）, c-myc and cyclin D1 and their implication in ovarian epithelial tumor. Methods： Immunohistochemical staining with SP method was conducted to identify the expressions of beta-catenin, APC protein, c-myc and cyclin D1 in ovarian epithelial tumor in 48 cases. Results： The abnormal expression rate of beta-catenin in malignant and borderline ovarian epithelial tumors was higher than that in benign epithelial tumors （P〈0.01）. The expression rates of c-myc and cyclin-D1 in ovarian malignant and borderline epithelial tumors were higher than those in benign epithelial tumors too（P〈0.05）. The prevalence of APC protein positive expression in benign epithelial tumors were significantly greater than that in malignant epithelial tumors （P〈0.05）. A significant negative correlation was found between beta-catenin and APC protein in ovarian epithelial tumors; while a significant positive correlation was found between beta-catenin, c-myc and cyclin-D1 in ovarian epithelial tumor （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： The abnormal expressions of Beta-catenin, APC protein, c-myc and cyclin-D1 might be used to indicate the malignance transform of ovarian epithelial tumors.