Objective: There is an ongoing debate about whether the management of gastroenteropancreatic(GEP)neuroendocrine carcinoma(NEC) should follow the guidelines of small-cell lung cancer(SCLC). We aim to identify the genet...Objective: There is an ongoing debate about whether the management of gastroenteropancreatic(GEP)neuroendocrine carcinoma(NEC) should follow the guidelines of small-cell lung cancer(SCLC). We aim to identify the genetic differences of GEPNEC and its counterpart.Methods: We recruited GEPNEC patients as the main cohort, with lung NEC and digestive adenocarcinomas as comparative cohorts. All patients undergone next-generation sequencing(NGS). Different gene alterations were compared and analyzed between GEPNEC and lung NEC(LNEC), GEPNEC and adenocarcinoma to yield the remarkable genes.Results: We recruited 257 patients, including 99 GEPNEC, 57 LNEC, and 101 digestive adenocarcinomas.Among the mutations, KRAS, RB1, TERT, IL7R, and CTNNB1 were found to have different gene alterations between GEPNEC and LNEC samples. Specific genes for each site were revealed: gastric NEC(TERT amplification),colorectal NEC(KRAS mutation), and bile tract NEC(ARID1A mutation). The gene disparities between small-cell NEC(SCNEC) and large-cell NEC(LCNEC) were KEAP1 and CDH1. Digestive adenocarcinoma was also compared with GEPNEC and suggested RB1, APC, and KRAS as significant genes. The TP53/RB1 mutation pattern was associated with first-line effectiveness. Putative targetable genes and biomarkers in GEPNEC were identified in22.2% of the patients, and they had longer progression-free survival(PFS) upon targetable treatment [12.5 months vs. 3.0 months, HR=0.40(0.21-0.75), P=0.006].Conclusions: This work demonstrated striking gene distinctions in GEPNEC compared with LNEC and adenocarcinoma and their clinical utility.展开更多
The International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC)and World Health Organization(WHO)collaboratively produce the'WHO Blue Books'essential tools standardizing the diagnostic process for human cancers.Regular ...The International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC)and World Health Organization(WHO)collaboratively produce the'WHO Blue Books'essential tools standardizing the diagnostic process for human cancers.Regular updates in this classification accommodate emerging molecular discoveries,advances in immunohistochemical techniques,and evolving clinical insights.The 5th edition of the WHO/IARC classification of head and neck tumors refines the'Oral Cavity and Mobile Tongue'chapter,including sections for non-neoplastic lesions,epithelial tumors,and tumors of uncertain histogenesis.Notably,the epithelial tumors section is rearranged by tumor behavior,starting with benign squamous papillomas and progressing through potentially malignant oral disorders to oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).The section on OSCC reflects recent information on epidemiology,pathogenesis,and histological prognostic factors.Noteworthy is the specific categorization of verrucous carcinoma(VC)and carcinoma cuniculatum(CC),both associated with the oral cavity and distinct in clinical and histologic characteristics.This classification adjustment emphasizes the oral cavity as their predominant site in the head and neck.Designating specific sections for VC and CC aims to provide comprehensive insights into these unique subtypes,elucidating their clinical features,distinct histological characteristics,prevalence,significance,and clinical relevance.By categorizing these subtypes into specific sections,the 5th edition of the WHO classification aims to provide a more nuanced and detailed account,enhancing our understanding of these specific variants within the broader spectrum of head and neck tumors.展开更多
Background:Liver transplantation(LT)is the best treatment for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However,the surgical technique needs to be improved.The present study aimed to evaluate the“no-touch”techniqu...Background:Liver transplantation(LT)is the best treatment for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However,the surgical technique needs to be improved.The present study aimed to evaluate the“no-touch”technique in LT.Methods:From January 2018 to December 2019,we performed a prospective randomized controlled trial on HCC patients who underwent LT.The patients were randomized into two groups:a no-touch technique LT group(NT group,n=38)and a conventional LT technique group(CT group,n=46).Operative outcomes and survival in the two groups were analyzed.Results:The perioperative parameters were comparable between the two groups(P>0.05).There was no significant difference between the two groups in disease-free survival(DFS)(P=0.732)or overall survival(OS)(P=0.891).Of 36 patients who were beyond the Hangzhou criteria for LT,the DFS of the patients in the NT group was significantly longer than that in the CT group(median 402 vs.126 days,P=0.025).In 31 patients who had portal vein tumor thrombosis(PVTT),DFS and OS in the NT group were significantly better than those in the CT group(median DFS 420 vs.167 days,P=0.022;2-year OS rate 93.8%vs.66.7%,P=0.043).In 14 patients who had diffuse-type HCCs,DFS and OS were significantly better in the NT group than those in the CT group(median DFS 141 vs.56 days,P=0.008;2-year OS rate 75.0%vs.33.3%,P=0.034).Multivariate analysis showed that for patients with PVTT and diffusetype HCCs,the no-touch technique was an independent favorable factor for OS(PVTT:HR=0.018,95%CI:0.001-0.408,P=0.012;diffuse-type HCCs:HR=0.034,95%CI:0.002-0.634,P=0.024).Conclusions:The no-touch technique improved the survival of patients with advanced HCC compared with the conventional technique.The no-touch technique may provide a new and effective LT technique for advanced HCCs.展开更多
BACKGROUND Achalasia is associated with high risk of esophageal carcinoma.However,the optimal endoscopic surgery for patients with early esophageal carcinoma concomitant with achalasia remains unclear.CASE SUMMARY A c...BACKGROUND Achalasia is associated with high risk of esophageal carcinoma.However,the optimal endoscopic surgery for patients with early esophageal carcinoma concomitant with achalasia remains unclear.CASE SUMMARY A combination of concurrent endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)and modified peroral endoscopic myotomy(POEM)was performed on a 62-year-old male,who presented with multiple early esophageal carcinomas concomitant with achalasia.The patient exhibited an improvement in feeding obstruction,and presented no evidence of disease during the 3-year follow-up.CONCLUSION The combination of ESD and POEM is a feasible treatment modality for patients with early esophageal carcinoma concomitant with achalasia.展开更多
淋巴上皮瘤样癌(lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma,LELC)是一种低分化或未分化的恶性肿瘤,泌尿系统的LELC很少见,其中以膀胱淋巴上皮瘤样癌(lymphoepitheli-oma-like carcinoma of the bladder,LELCB)较多,少数发生于前列腺、肾盂、输...淋巴上皮瘤样癌(lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma,LELC)是一种低分化或未分化的恶性肿瘤,泌尿系统的LELC很少见,其中以膀胱淋巴上皮瘤样癌(lymphoepitheli-oma-like carcinoma of the bladder,LELCB)较多,少数发生于前列腺、肾盂、输尿管或尿道。现将本院收治的2例泌尿系统LELC组织学形态及免疫组化特点进行报道。展开更多
目的探讨中心性肥胖与肝癌的关系。方法腰围、经BMI矫正的腰围、臀围、经BMI校正的臀围、腰臀比和经BMI校正的腰臀比相关的全基因组关联分析(genome wide association study,GWAS)数据来自欧洲一个包含224459个样本的大型数据库。内脏...目的探讨中心性肥胖与肝癌的关系。方法腰围、经BMI矫正的腰围、臀围、经BMI校正的臀围、腰臀比和经BMI校正的腰臀比相关的全基因组关联分析(genome wide association study,GWAS)数据来自欧洲一个包含224459个样本的大型数据库。内脏脂肪体积数据集来自欧洲数据库,包括32860名欧洲受试者的9275407个单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)位点信息。肝癌的数据集来自英国生物银行数据库,包括372184名欧洲受试者的汇总数据。对获得的数据集进行两样本孟德尔随机化研究。结果逆方差加权法(IVW)分析结果显示,经BMI矫正的腰围会增加肝癌发生风险(OR=1.001,95%CI:1.000~1.001,P=0.024),且被加权中位数(WM)分析(OR=1.001,95%CI:1.000~1.002,P=0.020)证实,但在MR-Egger回归(OR=1.002,95%CI:0.999~1.004,P=0.135)中未被证实。其他中心性肥胖指标与肝癌无关。结论不同中心性肥胖指标与肝癌的相关性存在差异。经BMI矫正的腰围可能会导致肝癌发生,表明在相对较瘦的人群中,中心性肥胖与肝癌发生相关,且可能存在因果关系。展开更多
目的探讨子宫低级别子宫内膜样癌患者淋巴脉管间隙浸润(lymphovascular space invasion,LVSI)的影响因素。方法回顾性分析2015年1月~2023年5月167例手术病理诊断低级别(G1、G2)子宫内膜样癌患者的临床资料。选择年龄、是否绝经、异常阴...目的探讨子宫低级别子宫内膜样癌患者淋巴脉管间隙浸润(lymphovascular space invasion,LVSI)的影响因素。方法回顾性分析2015年1月~2023年5月167例手术病理诊断低级别(G1、G2)子宫内膜样癌患者的临床资料。选择年龄、是否绝经、异常阴道出血时间、合并代谢综合征、CA125升高(≥35 U/ml)、子宫内膜厚度、宫腔占位、合并子宫腺肌症、国际妇产科联盟(International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics,FIGO)2009分期9项指标进行单因素分析,对P<0.05的因素进行二元logistic回归分析。结果167例子宫低级别子宫内膜样癌患者中,LVSI 24例(14.4%)。对单因素分析中P<0.05的4项因素(异常阴道出血时间≥4个月、CA125升高、合并子宫腺肌症、分期Ⅱ期及以上)进行二元logistic回归分析,结果显示分期Ⅱ期及以上(OR=7.357,95%CI:2.140~25.288,P=0.002),CA125升高(OR=4.883,95%CI:1.612~14.794,P=0.005)为子宫低级别子宫内膜样癌LVSI的独立预后因素。结论FIGO 2009分期Ⅱ期及以上、CA125≥35 U/ml与子宫低级别子宫内膜样癌患者LVSI有关,间接提示淋巴结转移风险,术前应高度关注,以便制定更为精准的手术方案。展开更多
基金supported by the Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 91959205)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82141117)+3 种基金The Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research (CFH) (No. 2022-2-1023)Beijing Xisike Clinical Oncology Research Foundation Ypierrefabre (No. 202101-0099)Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Incubating Program (No. PX2020045)Science Foundation of Peking University Cancer Hospital (No. 2020-4)。
文摘Objective: There is an ongoing debate about whether the management of gastroenteropancreatic(GEP)neuroendocrine carcinoma(NEC) should follow the guidelines of small-cell lung cancer(SCLC). We aim to identify the genetic differences of GEPNEC and its counterpart.Methods: We recruited GEPNEC patients as the main cohort, with lung NEC and digestive adenocarcinomas as comparative cohorts. All patients undergone next-generation sequencing(NGS). Different gene alterations were compared and analyzed between GEPNEC and lung NEC(LNEC), GEPNEC and adenocarcinoma to yield the remarkable genes.Results: We recruited 257 patients, including 99 GEPNEC, 57 LNEC, and 101 digestive adenocarcinomas.Among the mutations, KRAS, RB1, TERT, IL7R, and CTNNB1 were found to have different gene alterations between GEPNEC and LNEC samples. Specific genes for each site were revealed: gastric NEC(TERT amplification),colorectal NEC(KRAS mutation), and bile tract NEC(ARID1A mutation). The gene disparities between small-cell NEC(SCNEC) and large-cell NEC(LCNEC) were KEAP1 and CDH1. Digestive adenocarcinoma was also compared with GEPNEC and suggested RB1, APC, and KRAS as significant genes. The TP53/RB1 mutation pattern was associated with first-line effectiveness. Putative targetable genes and biomarkers in GEPNEC were identified in22.2% of the patients, and they had longer progression-free survival(PFS) upon targetable treatment [12.5 months vs. 3.0 months, HR=0.40(0.21-0.75), P=0.006].Conclusions: This work demonstrated striking gene distinctions in GEPNEC compared with LNEC and adenocarcinoma and their clinical utility.
文摘The International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC)and World Health Organization(WHO)collaboratively produce the'WHO Blue Books'essential tools standardizing the diagnostic process for human cancers.Regular updates in this classification accommodate emerging molecular discoveries,advances in immunohistochemical techniques,and evolving clinical insights.The 5th edition of the WHO/IARC classification of head and neck tumors refines the'Oral Cavity and Mobile Tongue'chapter,including sections for non-neoplastic lesions,epithelial tumors,and tumors of uncertain histogenesis.Notably,the epithelial tumors section is rearranged by tumor behavior,starting with benign squamous papillomas and progressing through potentially malignant oral disorders to oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).The section on OSCC reflects recent information on epidemiology,pathogenesis,and histological prognostic factors.Noteworthy is the specific categorization of verrucous carcinoma(VC)and carcinoma cuniculatum(CC),both associated with the oral cavity and distinct in clinical and histologic characteristics.This classification adjustment emphasizes the oral cavity as their predominant site in the head and neck.Designating specific sections for VC and CC aims to provide comprehensive insights into these unique subtypes,elucidating their clinical features,distinct histological characteristics,prevalence,significance,and clinical relevance.By categorizing these subtypes into specific sections,the 5th edition of the WHO classification aims to provide a more nuanced and detailed account,enhancing our understanding of these specific variants within the broader spectrum of head and neck tumors.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2017ZX10203205-005-004)Research Project of Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory(JNL-2022022C)Grant from Health Commission of Zhejiang Province(JBZX-202004)。
文摘Background:Liver transplantation(LT)is the best treatment for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However,the surgical technique needs to be improved.The present study aimed to evaluate the“no-touch”technique in LT.Methods:From January 2018 to December 2019,we performed a prospective randomized controlled trial on HCC patients who underwent LT.The patients were randomized into two groups:a no-touch technique LT group(NT group,n=38)and a conventional LT technique group(CT group,n=46).Operative outcomes and survival in the two groups were analyzed.Results:The perioperative parameters were comparable between the two groups(P>0.05).There was no significant difference between the two groups in disease-free survival(DFS)(P=0.732)or overall survival(OS)(P=0.891).Of 36 patients who were beyond the Hangzhou criteria for LT,the DFS of the patients in the NT group was significantly longer than that in the CT group(median 402 vs.126 days,P=0.025).In 31 patients who had portal vein tumor thrombosis(PVTT),DFS and OS in the NT group were significantly better than those in the CT group(median DFS 420 vs.167 days,P=0.022;2-year OS rate 93.8%vs.66.7%,P=0.043).In 14 patients who had diffuse-type HCCs,DFS and OS were significantly better in the NT group than those in the CT group(median DFS 141 vs.56 days,P=0.008;2-year OS rate 75.0%vs.33.3%,P=0.034).Multivariate analysis showed that for patients with PVTT and diffusetype HCCs,the no-touch technique was an independent favorable factor for OS(PVTT:HR=0.018,95%CI:0.001-0.408,P=0.012;diffuse-type HCCs:HR=0.034,95%CI:0.002-0.634,P=0.024).Conclusions:The no-touch technique improved the survival of patients with advanced HCC compared with the conventional technique.The no-touch technique may provide a new and effective LT technique for advanced HCCs.
文摘BACKGROUND Achalasia is associated with high risk of esophageal carcinoma.However,the optimal endoscopic surgery for patients with early esophageal carcinoma concomitant with achalasia remains unclear.CASE SUMMARY A combination of concurrent endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)and modified peroral endoscopic myotomy(POEM)was performed on a 62-year-old male,who presented with multiple early esophageal carcinomas concomitant with achalasia.The patient exhibited an improvement in feeding obstruction,and presented no evidence of disease during the 3-year follow-up.CONCLUSION The combination of ESD and POEM is a feasible treatment modality for patients with early esophageal carcinoma concomitant with achalasia.
文摘淋巴上皮瘤样癌(lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma,LELC)是一种低分化或未分化的恶性肿瘤,泌尿系统的LELC很少见,其中以膀胱淋巴上皮瘤样癌(lymphoepitheli-oma-like carcinoma of the bladder,LELCB)较多,少数发生于前列腺、肾盂、输尿管或尿道。现将本院收治的2例泌尿系统LELC组织学形态及免疫组化特点进行报道。
文摘目的探讨子宫低级别子宫内膜样癌患者淋巴脉管间隙浸润(lymphovascular space invasion,LVSI)的影响因素。方法回顾性分析2015年1月~2023年5月167例手术病理诊断低级别(G1、G2)子宫内膜样癌患者的临床资料。选择年龄、是否绝经、异常阴道出血时间、合并代谢综合征、CA125升高(≥35 U/ml)、子宫内膜厚度、宫腔占位、合并子宫腺肌症、国际妇产科联盟(International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics,FIGO)2009分期9项指标进行单因素分析,对P<0.05的因素进行二元logistic回归分析。结果167例子宫低级别子宫内膜样癌患者中,LVSI 24例(14.4%)。对单因素分析中P<0.05的4项因素(异常阴道出血时间≥4个月、CA125升高、合并子宫腺肌症、分期Ⅱ期及以上)进行二元logistic回归分析,结果显示分期Ⅱ期及以上(OR=7.357,95%CI:2.140~25.288,P=0.002),CA125升高(OR=4.883,95%CI:1.612~14.794,P=0.005)为子宫低级别子宫内膜样癌LVSI的独立预后因素。结论FIGO 2009分期Ⅱ期及以上、CA125≥35 U/ml与子宫低级别子宫内膜样癌患者LVSI有关,间接提示淋巴结转移风险,术前应高度关注,以便制定更为精准的手术方案。
