Regional Storm Surge Forecast Method Based on a Neural Network and the Coupled ADCIRC-SWAN Model

Timely and accurate forecasting of storm surges can effectively prevent typhoon storm surges from causing large economic losses and casualties in coastal areas.At present,numerical model forecasting consumes too many resources and takes too long to compute,while neural network forecasting lacks regional data to train regional forecasting models.In this study,we used the DUAL wind model to build typhoon wind fields,and constructed a typhoon database of 75 processes in the northern South China Sea using the coupled Advanced Circulation-Simulating Waves Nearshore(ADCIRC-SWAN)model.Then,a neural network with a Res-U-Net structure was trained using the typhoon database to forecast the typhoon processes in the validation dataset,and an excellent storm surge forecasting effect was achieved in the Pearl River Estuary region.The storm surge forecasting effect of stronger typhoons was improved by adding a branch structure and transfer learning.

Adenocarcinoma of gastric cardia in the elderly: Surgical problems and prognostic factors

AIM： To analyze retrospectively, our results about patients who underwent surgical treatment for adenocarcinoma of the cardia in relation to age, in order to evaluate surgical problems and prognostic factors. METHODS： From January 1987 to March 2003, 140 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia underwent resection in the authors＇ institution. They were divided into three groups with regard to age. Patients 〈70 and 〉 60 year old （31） were excluded; we also excluded 18 out of 109 patients with poor general status or systemic metastases. So, we compared 51 elderly （≥ 70 year old） and 58 younger patients （≤ 60 year old）. The treatment was esophagectomy for type I tumors, and extended gastrectomy and distal esophagectomy for type Ⅱ and Ⅲ lesions. RESULTS： Laparotomy was carried out in 91 patients （83.4%）, 38 in the elderly （74.5%） and 53 in younger patients （91.3%, P〈0.05）. Primary resection was performed in 81 cases （89%） without significant differences between the two groups. Postoperative death was higher in the elderly （12.1%） than the other group （4.1%, P〈0.05）, while morbidity was similar in both groups. A curative resection （R0） was performed in 59 patients （72.8%）, 69.6% in the elderly and 75% in the younger group （P〉0.05）. The overall 3- and 5-year survival rates were 26.7% and 17.8% respectively for the elderly and 40.7% and 35.1% respectively for younger patients （P = 0.1544）. Survival rates were significantly associated with R0 resection, pathological node-poskive category and tumor differentiation in both groups.CONCLUSION： As the age of the general population increases, more elderly patients with gastric cardia cancer will be candidates for surgical resection. Age alone should not preclude surgical treatment in elderly patients with gastric cardia cancer and a tumor resection can be carried out safely. Certainly, we should take care in defining the surgical treatment in elderly patients, particularly as regarding the surgical approach; although the surgical approach does not influence the survival rate, the transhiatal way still remains the best one due, to the lower incidence of respiratory morbidity and thoracic pain.

Comparison of transthoracic and transabdominal surgical approaches for the treatment of adenocarcinoma of the cardia

Background and Objective: Transthoracic and transabdominal approaches are commonly used for the surgical treatment of adenocarcinoma of the cardia. Which approach is better has been controversial for quite a long time. Our study aimed to compare the surgical trauma, range of lymph node dissection, and the prognosis of the transthoracic and transabdominal approaches for the treatment of adenocarcinoma of the cardia. Methods: The medical records of 331 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia treated in our hospital between 1994 and 2003 were analyzed. Of the 331 patients, 284 underwent operation via transthoracic approach and 47 via transabdominal approach. Surgery-related status, postoperative complications, range of removed lymph nodes and prognosis of the two groups were compared. Results: There was no significant difference in surgery-related status and postoperative complications between the two groups (P >0.05). The mean number of removed lymph nodes from the thoracic cavity was much higher in transthoracic group than in transabdominal group (P < 0.001), while that from the abdominal cavity was similar in both groups (P = 0.404). The thoracic lymph node metastasis rate was 18.8% in transthoracic group and 13.3% in transabdominal group. The median survival time was 29 months in transthoracic group and 28 months in transabdominal group, and the 5-year survival rates were 34.9% and 40.1% (P= 0.599). Conclusions: For the surgical treatment of adenocarcinoma of the cardia, the surgical trauma of the transthoracic approach is similar with that of transabdominal approach. The transthoracic approach has the advantage in thoracic lymph node dissection. The two approaches have no obvious effect on the prognosis.

Study of the Value of Combined Multiorgan Resection in Surgical Treatment of Carcinoma of the Gastric Cardia

OBJECTIVE： To determine the value of resection of combined visceral organs in surgical treatment of gastric cardiac carcinoma. METHODS： We retrospectively analyzed 217 random patients with carcinoma of the gastric cardia who underwent a gastric cardiac resection. The patients had been treated as follows： 186 with partial gastrectomy, 31 with total gastrectomy, 97 with a combined-visceral resection, of which 82 underwent a splenectomy plus partial pancreatectomy, 10 with splenectomy alone and 5 with partial hepatectomy and diaphragmatectomy. RESULTS： The total patients were divided into 3 groups： 128 with a gastrectomy alone, 10 with gastrectomy and splenectomy, and 82 with gastrectomy and splenectomy plus pancreatectomy. The operating times for these 3 groups were respectively 3.0 h, 3.1 h and 3.8 h. The hospitalization times were respectively 23.8 d, 31.2 d and 25.9 d. No differences in post-operative complications were found between these 3 groups. There were 92 patients who underwent a gastrectomy combined with a splenectomy and （or） the pancreatectomy, in which 92 No.10 lymph nodes were eliminated, with an average of one in each patient. Among the 125 patients not receiving a splenectomy but with elimination of lymph nodes, 82 underwent a gastrectomy combined with partial pancreatectomy, of which 107 lymph nodes were eliminated for the No. 11 group, with an average of 1.3 in each patient. There was a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups. The overall survival rates were similar in the 3 groups showing no statistical differences, but was higher in the Stage Ⅲ patients with a combined resection of multi-organs. For patients in the Stage Ⅳ without resection of multi-organs, the survival rate was higher, but there was no significant difference between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION： It is difficult to determine precisely the involvement of para-tumorous organs with the eye during an operation. Combining a splenectomy with a pancreatectomy does not increase the post-operative complications following surgical treatment for carcinoma of the gastric cardia. The combination of a splenectomy and partial pancreatectomy results in a higher survival rate and has an important significance for eliminating the lymph nodes of group 10 and 11, especially for patients in Stage Ⅲ. In the application of a resection combining multi-organs, the doctor should make every effort to decrease the trauma and the complications based on the condition that the cancerous tissue is totally resected.

Future Changes in Various Cold Surges over China in CMIP6 Projections

Cold surges(CSs)often occur in the mid-latitude regions of the Northern Hemisphere and have enormous effects on socioeconomic development.We report that the occurrences of CSs and persistent CSs(PCSs)have rebounded since the 1990s,but the trends related to the frequencies of strong CSs(SCSs)and extreme CSs(ECSs)changed from increasing to decreasing after 2000.The highest-ranked model ensemble approach was used to project the occurrences of various CSs under the SSP1-2.6,SSP2-4.5,and SSP5-8.5 scenarios.The frequencies of the total CSs show overall decreasing trends.However,under the SSP1-2.6 scenario,slight increasing trends are noted for SCSs and ECSs in China.Atmospheric circulations that are characterized by an anomalous anticyclonic circulation with a significantly positive 500-hPa geopotential height(Z500)anomaly at high latitudes along with significant negative anomalies in China were favorable for cold air intrusions into China.In addition,the frequencies of all CS types under the SPP5-8.5 scenario greatly decreased in the long term(2071-2100),a finding which is thought to be related to negative SST anomalies in the central and western North Pacific,differences in sea level pressure(SLP)between high-and mid-latitude regions,and a weaker East Asian trough.In terms of ECSs,the decreasing trends observed during the historical period were maintained until 2024 under the SSP1-2.6 scenario.Compared to the SSP1-2.6 scenario,the Z500 pattern showed a trend of strengthened ridges over the Ural region and northern East Asia and weakened troughs over Siberia(60°-90°E)under the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios,contributing to the shift to increasing trends of ECSs after 2014.

Trend of Storm Surge Induced by Typical Landfall Super Typhoons During 1975–2021 in the Eastern China Sea

Climate change affects the activity of global and regional tropical cyclones(TCs).Among all TCs,typical super typhoons(STYs)are particularly devastating because they maintain their intensity when landing on the coast and thus cause casualties,economic losses,and environmental damage.Using a 3D tidal model,we reconstructed the typhoon(TY)wind field to simulate the storm surge induced by typical STYs.The TY activity was then analyzed using historical data.Results showed a downtrend of varying degrees in the annual frequency of STYs and TCs in the Western North Pacific(WNP)Basin,with a significant trend change observed for TCs from 1949 to 2021.A large difference in the interannual change in frequency was found between STYs and TCs in the WNP and Eastern China Sea(ECS).Along the coast of EC,the frequency of landfall TCs showed a weak downtrend,and the typical STYs showed reverse micro growth with peak activity in August.Zhejiang,Fujian,and Taiwan were highly vulnerable to the frontal hits of typical STYs.Affected by climate change,the average lifetime maximum intensity(LMI)locations and landfall locations of typical STYs in the ECS basin showed a significant poleward migration trend.In addition,the annual average LMI and accumulated cyclone energy showed an uptrend,indicating the increasing severity of the disaster risk.Affected by the typical STY activity in the ECS,the maximum storm surge area also showed poleward migration,and the coast of North China faced potential growth in high storm surge risks.

Endoscopic resection of a giant irregular leiomyoma in fundus and cardia:A case report

BACKGROUND Endoscopic resection of giant gastric leiomyomas,particularly in the fundus and cardia regions,is infrequently documented and presents a significant challenge for endoscopic surgery.CASE SUMMARY Herein,a case of a 59-year-old woman with a giant gastric leiomyoma was reported.The patient presented to the department of hepatological surgery with a complaint of right upper abdominal pain for one month and worsening for one week.The patient was diagnosed as gastric submucosal tumor(SMT),gallstone,and cholecystitis combined with computed tomography and gastroendoscopy prior to operation.Upon admission,following a multi-disciplinary treatment discussion,it was determined that the patient would undergo a laparoscopic cholecystectomy and endoscopic resection of gastric SMT.It took 3 hours to completely resect the lesion by Endoscopic submucosal excavation and endoscopic fullthickness resection,and about 3 hours to suture the wound and take out the lesion.The lesion,ginger-shaped and measuring 8 cm×5 cm,led to transient peritonitis post-surgery.With no cardiac complications,the patient was discharged one week after surgery.CONCLUSION Endoscopic resection of a giant leiomyoma in the cardiac fundus is feasible and suitable for skilled endoscopists.

Exploration of standard dosage for GnRH antagonist protocol and dosage adjustments after premature luteinizing hormone surge

The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol has emerged as an efficacious alternative to the GnRH agonist protocol for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) during in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles, and has been demonstrated applicability in infertile female patients with diverse ovarian responses. While the clinical implementation of the antagonist COH protocol has achieved widespread consensus, opportunities for refinement persist. Therefore, this review article focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of GnRH antagonist protocol, the selection of optimal standard doses, and the strategies for adjusting antagonist doses after the premature luteinizing hormone (LH) surge, aiming to provide more reasonable and scientific recommendations for the application of this scheme.

A typhoon-induced storm surge numerical model with GPU acceleration based on an unstructured spherical centroidal Voronoi tessellation grid

Storm surge is often the marine disaster that poses the greatest threat to life and property in coastal areas.Accurate and timely issuance of storm surge warnings to take appropriate countermeasures is an important means to reduce storm surge-related losses.Storm surge numerical models are important for storm surge forecasting.To further improve the performance of the storm surge forecast models,we developed a numerical storm surge forecast model based on an unstructured spherical centroidal Voronoi tessellation(SCVT)grid.The model is based on shallow water equations in vector-invariant form,and is discretized by Arakawa C grid.The SCVT grid can not only better describe the coastline information but also avoid rigid transitions,and it has a better global consistency by generating high-resolution grids in the key areas through transition refinement.In addition,the simulation speed of the model is accelerated by using the openACC-based GPU acceleration technology to meet the timeliness requirements of operational ensemble forecast.It only takes 37 s to simulate a day in the coastal waters of China.The newly developed storm surge model was applied to simulate typhoon-induced storm surges in the coastal waters of China.The hindcast experiments on the selected representative typhoon-induced storm surge processes indicate that the model can reasonably simulate the distribution characteristics of storm surges.The simulated maximum storm surges and their occurrence times are consistent with the observed data at the representative tide gauge stations,and the mean absolute errors are 3.5 cm and 0.6 h respectively,showing high accuracy and application prospects.

Metaverse Upsurge Drives Virtual Human Industry to Upgrade

The concept of a virtual human is rapidly fermenting with the boom of the metaverse in 2020.In March 2021,Roblox,a game company focusing on the socialization of teenagers’games and the free realization of UGC,went public.In its prospectus,Roblox is defined as the concept of the metaverse.Under this background,as the direct embodiment of“virtual identity”and“virtual reality coexisting”under the concept of the metaverse,the emerging definition of virtual human and its representative virtual image has gradually caught the attention of the public.

Risk assessment of coastal flooding disaster by storm surge based on Elevation-Area method and hydrodynamic models:Taking Bohai Bay as an example

The future inundation by storm surge on coastal areas are currently ill-defined.With increasing global sealevel due to climate change,the coastal flooding by storm surge is more and more frequently,especially in coastal lowland with land subsidence.Therefore,the risk assessment of such inundation for these areas is of great significance for the sustainable socio-economic development.In this paper,the authors use Elevation-Area method and Regional Ocean Model System(ROMS)model to assess the risk of the inundation of Bohai Bay by storm surge.The simulation results of Elevation-Area method show that either a 50-year or 100-year storm surge can inundate coastal areas exceeding 8000 km^(2);the numerical simulation results based on hydrodynamics,considering ground friction and duration of the storm surge high water,show that a 50-year or 100-year storm surge can only inundate an area of over 2000 km^(2),which is far less than 8000 km^(2);while,when taking into account the land subsidence and sea level rise,the very inundation range will rapidly increase by 2050 and 2100.The storm surge will greatly impact the coastal area within about 10-30 km of the Bohai Bay,in where almost all major coastal projects are located.The prompt response to flood disaster due to storm surge is urgently needed,for which five suggestions have been proposed based on the geological background of Bohai Bay.This study may offer insight into the development of the response and adaptive plans for flooding disasters caused by storm surge.

A Boost to Inbound Tourism China sees surge in foreign travellers following introduction of visa-free transit measures

One of the viral terms on Chinese social media these days-“city bu city”–was actually created by a foreign tourist.The tourist,a blogger,used the term,which literally means city or not city,in a short video he filmed while visiting the Great Wall,wondering whether the place is like a fashionable big city.

电源端口雷击和暂态过电压综合防护方案

介绍了电子通讯产品在易发生供电故障和易受雷击的供电环境下,电源端口雷击和暂态过电压的综合防护解决方案。该解决方案将雷击防护与暂态过电压防护有机结合,智能检测判断过电压是雷击还是暂态过电压,并及时启动防护功能,防止电源损坏等严重故障。该方案还可实现防护后自动恢复供电和远程控制供电,在复杂供电环境中保障供电安全和设备不被损坏,有很大的推广价值。

Research on Current Situation,Symptoms and Protection Technological Measures of Ancient Trees in Surging Waves Pavilion,China

The paper had studied growth situation and disease symptoms of ancient trees in Surging Waves Pavilion.There were 14 ancient trees belonging to 10 genera of 9 families,with tree age of 120-260 years.These trees had been well protected generally.There were 9 ancient trees growing well,occupying 64.29%,which were Ginkgo biloba,Cupressus funebris Endl.,Podocarpus macrophyllus,Zelkova schneideriana Hand.-Mazz,Cinnamomum camphora(L.)Presl,Buxus sinica,and Wisteria sinensis(Sims)Sweet.There were 5 ancient trees needing to be protected preferentially,occupying 35.71%,including Ligustrum lucidum,Osmanthus fragrans and Pterocarya stenoptera.The disease symptoms were trunk rot and hollow structure.Based on these symptoms,the paper had proposed protective measures for Ligustrum lucidum and Osmanthus fragrans:① enclosing eroding holes on the trunk;② clearing up eroded woodiness on the surface of trunk,disinfecting and applying anti-corrosion protectants;③ filling eroded holes of the trunk.Protective measures for Pterocarya stenoptera included:① clearing up the inner part and interior walls;② disinfecting the inside and interior walls of holes;③ applying anti-corrosion protectants.

Numerical Simulation of the Influence of Mean Sea Level Rise on Typhoon Storm Surge in the East China Sea

In this paper, ECOMSED （Estuarine Coastal Ocean Model with sediment transport） model is employed to simulate storm surge process caused by typhoon passing across East China Sea in nearly years. Capability of ECOMSED to simulate storm surge is validated by comparing model result with observed data. Sensitivity experiments are designed to study the influence of sea level rise on typhoon storm surge. Numerical experiment shows that influence of mean sea level rise on typhoon storm surge is non-uniform spatially and changes as typhoon process differs. Maybe fixed boundary method would weaken the influence of mean sea level rise on storm surge, and free boundary method is suggested for the succeeding study.

"Layer-to-Layer" Esophagogastric Anastomosis Combined with Intrathoracic Esophageal Mucosal Extention in Patients with Esophageal and Cardia Cancer

Objective: To evaluate the clinical value of intrathoracic esophagogastric "layer-to-layer" anastomosis with esophageal mucosa extended varied in plane and to study the effective methods to prevent anastomotic leaking or stricture postoperatively. Methods: From May 1985 to December 2002, 2 240 esophageal and stomach cardia cancer patients treated by intrathoracic esophagogastric "layer-to-layer" anastomosis with esophageal mucosa extended varied in plane were retrospectively analyzed. Results: There was no anastomotic leaking and severe stricture in all above cases. Conclusion: Intrathoracic esophagogastric "layer-to-layer" anastomosis with esophageal mucosal extended varied in plane is an effective method to prevent anastomotic leaking and stricture postoperatively.

Numerical simulation of typhoon- induced storm surge on the coast of Jiangsu Province,China,based on coupled hydrodynamic and wave models

In order to facilitate engineering design and coastal flooding protection, the potential storm surge induced by a typhoon is studied.Using an unstructured mesh, a coupled model which combines the advanced circulation （ ADCIRC ） hydrodynamic model and simulating waves nearshore （ SWAN ） model is applied to analyze the storm surge and waves on the coast of Jiangsu Province.The verifications of wind velocity, tidal levels and wave height show that this coupling model performs well to reflect the characteristics of the water levels and waves in the studied region.Results show that the effect of radiation stress on storm surge is significant, especially in shallow areas such as the coast of Jiangsu Province and the Yangtze estuary.By running the coupled model, the simulated potential flooding results can be employed in coastal engineering applications in the Jiangsu coastal area, such as storm surge warnings and extreme water level predictions.

基于物理模型试验的库岸散粒体滑坡涌浪特性

滑坡涌浪灾害具有历时短、地形条件复杂、规模大的特点,是国内外研究的重要地质和工程问题之一。本文以库岸滑坡失稳入水涌浪过程为研究对象,考虑水上滑坡与淹没滑坡两种情景,设计并开展散粒体滑坡涌浪3维物理模型试验,量测滑坡入水运动堆积过程及涌浪产生、传播过程特征,并进一步分析沿滑坡运动方向传播的离岸波与沿河道上下游传播的侧向波波幅、传播规律特性等。结果表明:当滑坡从淹没工况到水上工况时,涌浪波幅最大值特征逐渐从波峰小于波谷转向波峰大于波谷;沿滑坡运动方向产生的涌浪波幅大于沿库岸传播的涌浪波幅,侧向波传播过程中波幅高度衰减程度小于离岸波;进一步分析发现,涌浪沿河道上下游传播时,侧向波最大浪高为其首浪高度的2.5倍;散粒体滑坡涌浪最大高度与散粒体质量成正相关,与散粒体初始淹没率成负相关;受滑坡体入水时相对厚度的影响,涌浪最大高度与入水高差成负相关;在此基础上,利用无量纲分析方法与多元非线性回归方法,推导出散粒体滑坡涌浪最大高度经验公式,并采用提出的经验公式对三峡库区巫山红岩子滑坡与加拿大切哈利斯湖滑坡涌浪案例最大浪高进行计算分析,验证该公式具有较好的适用性和准确性。

铁水包脱硫吹气赶渣工艺多相流数值模拟研究

近年来吹气加机械扒渣的涌动式扒渣工艺在生产中以除渣效率高、铁损少、成本低等优点得到应用。但对于该工艺的研究大都停留在基于实验室的简单研究和企业的经验积累,缺少理论上的支撑。以125 t铁水包为研究对象,采用数值模拟的方法对扒渣过程进行了研究,建立了铁水-渣-空气流动的三维数学模型,探究了喷枪吹气流量、插入深度、插入位置、渣层厚度等工艺参数对无渣层区域面积、长度、宽度和液面波动高度的影响,结果表明:喷枪吹气流量为300 m^(3)/h左右时,能达到较好的驱渣效果;喷枪插入深度在800~1000 mm时满足涌而不喷溅的条件,此时最有利于扒渣;喷枪插入位置为0.4P左右时,驱渣效果最好,最有利于扒渣。经过修正换算后,确定工业生产中最佳的喷吹气体流量约为100 m^(3)/h,最佳的喷枪插入深度范围为800~1000 mm,喷枪插入位置在距离后包壁600~700 mm处时能达到最佳的驱渣效果,提高扒渣效率,为铁水扒渣的实际工业生产提供理论依据,保证钢铁公司低硫钢的稳定生产。