Cardiovascular diseases cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide.Engineered cardiac organoids are being developed and used to replicate cardiac tissues supporting cardiac morphogenesis and development.These...Cardiovascular diseases cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide.Engineered cardiac organoids are being developed and used to replicate cardiac tissues supporting cardiac morphogenesis and development.These organoids have applications in drug screening,cardiac disease models and regenerative medicine.Therefore,a thorough understanding of cardiac organoids and a comprehensive overview of their development are essential for cardiac tissue engineering.This review summarises different types of cardiac organoids used to explore cardiac function,including those based on co-culture,aggregation,scaffolds,and geometries.The self-assembly of monolayers,multilayers and aggravated cardiomyocytes forms biofunctional cell aggregates in cardiac organoids,elucidating the formation mechanism of scaffold-free cardiac organoids.In contrast,scaffolds such as decellularised extracellular matrices,three-dimensional hydrogels and bioprinting techniques provide a supportive framework for cardiac organoids,playing a crucial role in cardiac development.Different geometries are engineered to create cardiac organoids,facilitating the investigation of intrinsic communication between cardiac organoids and biomechanical pathways.Additionally,this review emphasises the relationship between cardiac organoids and the cardiac system,and evaluates their clinical applications.This review aims to provide valuable insights into the study of three-dimensional cardiac organoids and their clinical potential.展开更多
Cardiovascular research has heavily relied on studies using patient samples and animal models.However,patient studies often miss the data from the crucial early stage of cardiovascular diseases,as obtaining primary ti...Cardiovascular research has heavily relied on studies using patient samples and animal models.However,patient studies often miss the data from the crucial early stage of cardiovascular diseases,as obtaining primary tissues at this stage is impracticable.Transgenic animal models can offer some insights into disease mechanisms,although they usually do not fully recapitulate the phenotype of cardiovascular diseases and their progression.In recent years,a promising breakthrough has emerged in the form of in vitro three-dimensional(3D)cardiovascular models utilizing human pluripotent stem cells.These innovative models recreate the intricate 3D structure of the human heart and vessels within a controlled environment.This advancement is pivotal as it addresses the existing gaps in cardiovascular research,allowing scientists to study different stages of cardiovascular diseases and specific drug responses using human-origin models.In this review,we first outline various approaches employed to generate these models.We then comprehensively discuss their applications in studying cardiovascular diseases by providing insights into molecular and cellular changes associated with cardiovascular conditions.Moreover,we highlight the potential of these 3D models serving as a platform for drug testing to assess drug efficacy and safety.Despite their immense potential,challenges persist,particularly in maintaining the complex structure of 3D heart and vessel models and ensuring their function is comparable to real organs.However,overcoming these challenges could revolutionize cardiovascular research.It has the potential to offer comprehensive mechanistic insights into human-specific disease processes,ultimately expediting the development of personalized therapies.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82302401 to YW)the grant from Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Nos.23410750100,20DZ2255400 and 21XD1421300 to JX)the“Dawn”Program of Shanghai Education Commission(No.19SG34 to JX).
文摘Cardiovascular diseases cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide.Engineered cardiac organoids are being developed and used to replicate cardiac tissues supporting cardiac morphogenesis and development.These organoids have applications in drug screening,cardiac disease models and regenerative medicine.Therefore,a thorough understanding of cardiac organoids and a comprehensive overview of their development are essential for cardiac tissue engineering.This review summarises different types of cardiac organoids used to explore cardiac function,including those based on co-culture,aggregation,scaffolds,and geometries.The self-assembly of monolayers,multilayers and aggravated cardiomyocytes forms biofunctional cell aggregates in cardiac organoids,elucidating the formation mechanism of scaffold-free cardiac organoids.In contrast,scaffolds such as decellularised extracellular matrices,three-dimensional hydrogels and bioprinting techniques provide a supportive framework for cardiac organoids,playing a crucial role in cardiac development.Different geometries are engineered to create cardiac organoids,facilitating the investigation of intrinsic communication between cardiac organoids and biomechanical pathways.Additionally,this review emphasises the relationship between cardiac organoids and the cardiac system,and evaluates their clinical applications.This review aims to provide valuable insights into the study of three-dimensional cardiac organoids and their clinical potential.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China General Program(Grant#82370311)Guangdong Province International Science and Technology Cooperation Research Project(Grant#2023A0505050088)。
文摘Cardiovascular research has heavily relied on studies using patient samples and animal models.However,patient studies often miss the data from the crucial early stage of cardiovascular diseases,as obtaining primary tissues at this stage is impracticable.Transgenic animal models can offer some insights into disease mechanisms,although they usually do not fully recapitulate the phenotype of cardiovascular diseases and their progression.In recent years,a promising breakthrough has emerged in the form of in vitro three-dimensional(3D)cardiovascular models utilizing human pluripotent stem cells.These innovative models recreate the intricate 3D structure of the human heart and vessels within a controlled environment.This advancement is pivotal as it addresses the existing gaps in cardiovascular research,allowing scientists to study different stages of cardiovascular diseases and specific drug responses using human-origin models.In this review,we first outline various approaches employed to generate these models.We then comprehensively discuss their applications in studying cardiovascular diseases by providing insights into molecular and cellular changes associated with cardiovascular conditions.Moreover,we highlight the potential of these 3D models serving as a platform for drug testing to assess drug efficacy and safety.Despite their immense potential,challenges persist,particularly in maintaining the complex structure of 3D heart and vessel models and ensuring their function is comparable to real organs.However,overcoming these challenges could revolutionize cardiovascular research.It has the potential to offer comprehensive mechanistic insights into human-specific disease processes,ultimately expediting the development of personalized therapies.
