Future easy and physiological cardiac pacing

The right atrial appendage (RAA) and right ventricular apex (RVA) have been widely considered as conventional sites for typical dual-chamber atrio-ventricular cardiac (DDD) pacing. Unfortunately conventional RAA pacing seems not to be able to prevent atrial fibrillation in DDD pacing for tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome, and the presence of a left bundle branch type of activation induced by RVA pacing can have negative effects. A new technology with active screw-in leads permits a more physiological atrial and right ventricular pacing. In this review, we highlight the positive effects of pacing of these new and easily selected sites. The septal atrial lead permits a shorter and more homogeneous atrial activation, allowing better prevention of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. The para-Hisian pacing can be achieved in a simpler and more reliable way with respect to biventricular pacing and direct Hisian pacing. We await larger trials to consider this "easy and physiological pacing" as a first approach in patients who need a high frequency of pacing.

The Impact of Cardiac Pacing Site on Patient's Cardiac Function and Psychological State

With the widespread application of artificial permanent pacemakers in clinical practice,there have been new changes in the indications for pacemaker implantation.The current clinical indications include high atrioventricular block,sick sinus syndrome,cardiac resynchronization therapy for heart failure,and implantation of cardioverter defibrillators for ventricular arrhythmias.The implantation of a pacemaker can improve the quality of life and prognosis of patients with arrhythmia.In the past,permanent pacemaker implantation was performed in clinical practice,and the right ventricular pacing electrode was often fixed at the apex of the right ventricle,which belongs to non physiological pacing.Through long-term clinical follow-up,it was found that apex pacing can easily cause abnormal depolarization of the left ventricle,asynchronous contraction of the myocardium,and ultimately lead to myocardial fibrosis,which has adverse effects on the patient's cardiac function and psychological state.In recent years,Scholars have found that pacing in the right ventricular outflow tract septum is closer to the atrioventricular node and closer to the His bundle Purkinje fibers.The pacing impulse almost simultaneously expands towards both ventricles,closer to the physiological pacing state,thereby reducing the occurrence of cardiovascular events in patients.This article explores the impact of pacing in different parts of the heart on the cardiac function and psychological state of patients based on clinical data from the past three years.

Lymphangiogenesis contributes to exercise-induced physiological cardiac growth

Background:Promoting cardiac lymphangiogenesis exerts beneficial effects for the heart.Exercise can induce physiological cardiac growth with cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and increased proliferation markers in cardiomyocytes.However,it remains unclear whether and how lymphangiogenesis contributes to exercise-induced physiological cardiac growth.We aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of lymphangiogenesis in exercise-induced physiological cardiac growth.Methods:Adult C57 BL6/J mice were subjected to 3 weeks of swimming exercise to induce physiological cardiac growth.Oral treatment with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3(VEGFR3) inhibitor SAR1 3 1 675 was used to investigate whether cardiac lymphangiogenesis was required for exercise-induced physiological cardiac growth by VEGFR3 activation.Furthermore,human dermal lymphatic endothelial cell(LEC)-conditioned medium was collected to culture isolated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes to determine whether and how LECs could influence cardiomyocyte proliferation and hypertrophy.Results:Swimming exercise induced physiological cardiac growth accompanied by a remarkable increase of cardiac lymphangiogenesis as evidenced by increased density of lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronic acid receptor 1-positive lymphatic vessels in the heart and upregulated LYVE-1 and Podoplanin expressions levels.VEGFR3 was upregulated in the exercised heart,while VEGFR3 inhibitor SAR131675 attenuated exercise-induced physiological cardiac growth as evidenced by blunted myocardial hypertrophy and reduced proliferation marker Ki67 in cardiomyocytes,which was correlated with reduced lymphatic vessel density and downregulated LYVE-1 and Podoplanin in the heart upon exercise.Furthermore,LEC-conditioned medium promoted both hypertrophy and proliferation of cardiomyocytes and contained higher levels of insulinlike growth factor-1 and the extracellular protein Reelin,while LEC-conditioned medium from LECs treated with SAR131675 blocked these effects.Functional rescue assays further demonstrated that protein kinase B(AKT) activation,as well as reduced CCAAT enhancer-binding protein beta(C/EBPβ) and increased CBP/p300-interacting transactivators with E(glutamic acid)/D(aspartic acid)-rich-carboxylterminal domain 4(CITED4),contributed to the promotive effect of LEC-conditioned medium on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and proliferation.Conclusion:Our findings reveal that cardiac lymphangiogenesis is required for exercise-induced physiological cardiac growth by VEGFR3 activation,and they indicate that LEC-conditioned medium promotes both physiological hypertrophy and proliferation of cardiomyocytes through AKT activation and the C/EBPβ-CITED4 axis.These results highlight the essential roles of cardiac lymphangiogenesis in exercise-induced physiological cardiac growth.

In vivo mechanical study of helical cardiac pacing electrode interacting with canine myocardium

Cardiac pacing is a medical device to help human to overcome arrhythmia and to recover the regular beats of heart. A helical configuration of electrode tip is a new type of cardiac pacing lead distal tip. The helical electrode attaches itself to the desired site of heart by screwing its helical tip into the myocardium. In vivo experiments on anesthetized dogs were carried out to measure the acute interactions between helical electrode and myocardium during screw-in and pull-out processes. These data would be helpful for electrode tip design and electrode/myocardium adherence safety evaluation. They also provide reliability data for clinical site choice of human heart to implant and to fix the pacing lead. A special design of the helical tip using strain gauges is instrumented for the measurement of the screw-in and pull-out forces. We obtained the data of screw-in torques and pull-out forces for five different types of helical electrodes at nine designed sites on ten canine hearts. The results indicate that the screw-in torques increased steplike while the torque-time curves presente saw-tooth fashion. The maximum torque has a range of 0.3-1.9 Nmm. Obvious differences are observed for different types of helical tips and for different test sites. Large pull-out forces are frequently obtained at epicardium of left ventricle and right ventricle lateral wall, and the forces obtained at right ventricle apex and outflow tract of right ventricle are normally small. The differences in pull-out forces are dictated by the geometrical configuration of helix and regional structures of heart muscle.

THE OPERATION AND FEELINGS OF APPLICATION OF TEMPORARY CARDIAC PACING BESIDE BED WITHOUT FLUOROSCOPY

The endocardial electrodes were placed in endoventriculus beside bed withoutfluoroscopy in 9 patients who required temporary cardiac pacing and theresults were satisfactory.The manipulatory points are below:operatingcarefully with lightly and softly handling,noticing hand’s feeling,tryingagain by roling the electrode and/or changing its top’s direction whenmeeting with venous valves or branches.Judging the position of electrode’stop according to the right ventricular luminal electrogram.As comparedwith the setting of electrode under X ray,our method is superior in savingtime and requires less instrumente,the patients needn’t be moved,bothphysicans and patients are avoided X radiation’s injury.

Cardiac resident macrophages: Spatiotemporal distribution, development, physiological functions, and their translational potential on cardiac diseases

Cardiac resident macrophages (CRMs) are the main population of cardiac immune cells. The role of these cells in regeneration, functional remodeling, and repair after cardiac injury is always the focus of research. However, in recent years, their dynamic changes and contributions in physiological states have a significant attention. CRMs have specific phenotypes and functions in different cardiac chambers or locations of the heart and at different stages. They further show specific differentiation and development processes. The present review will summarize the new progress about the spatiotemporal distribution, potential developmental regulation, and their roles in cardiac development and aging as well as the translational potential of CRMs on cardiac diseases. Of course, the research tools for CRMs, their respective advantages and disadvantages, and key issues on CRMs will further be discussed.

Left bundle branch pacing set to outshine biventricular pacing for cardiac resynchronization therapy?

The deleterious effects of long-term right ventricular pacing necessitated the search for alternative pacing sites which could prevent or alleviate pacinginduced cardiomyopathy.Until recently,biventricular pacing(BiVP)was the only modality which could mitigate or prevent pacing induced dysfunction.Further,BiVP could resynchronize the baseline electromechanical dssynchrony in heart failure and improve outcomes.However,the high non-response rate of around 20%-30%remains a major limitation.This non-response has been largely attributable to the direct non-physiological stimulation of the left ventricular myocardium bypassing the conduction system.To overcome this limitation,the concept of conduction system pacing(CSP)came up.Despite initial success of the first CSP via His bundle pacing(HBP),certain drawbacks including lead instability and dislodgements,steep learning curve and rapid battery depletion on many occasions prevented its widespread use for cardiac resynchronization therapy(CRT).Subsequently,CSP via left bundle branch-area pacing(LBBP)was developed in 2018,which over the last few years has shown efficacy comparable to BiVP-CRT in small observational studies.Further,its safety has also been well established and is largely free of the pitfalls of the HBP-CRT.In the recent metanalysis by Yasmin et al,comprising of 6 studies with 389 participants,LBBPCRT was superior to BiVP-CRT in terms of QRS duration,left ventricular ejection fraction,cardiac chamber dimensions,lead thresholds,and functional status amongst heart failure patients with left bundle branch block.However,there are important limitations of the study including the small overall numbers,inclusion of only a single small randomized controlled trial(RCT)and a small follow-up duration.Further,the entire study population analyzed was from China which makes generalizability a concern.Despite the concerns,the meta-analysis adds to the growing body of evidence demonstrating the efficacy of LBBP-CRT.At this stage,one must acknowledge that the fact that still our opinions on this technique are largely based on observational data and there is a dire need for larger RCTs to ascertain the position of LBBPCRT in management of heart failure patients with left bundle branch block.

Effects of atrial septal defects on the cardiac conduction system

The case report presented in this edition by Mu et al.The report presents a case of atrial septal defect(ASD)associated with electrocardiographic changes,noting that the crochetage sign resolved after Selective His Bundle Pacing(S-HBP)without requiring surgical closure.The mechanisms behind the appearance and resolution of the crochetage sign remain unclear.The authors observed the dis-appearance of the crochetage sign post-S-HBP,suggesting a possible correlation between these specific R waves and the cardiac conduction system.This editorial aims to explore various types of ASD and their relationship with the cardiac con-duction system,highlighting the diagnostic significance of the crochetage sign in ASD.

Observation of blood B-type natriuretic peptide level changes in different periods and different cardiac pacing modes

In recent years, the indications of cardiac pacing have extended continuously with the rapid development of pacing technique. Pacemaker treatment has not only limited in arrhythmias of bradycardia and the number of pacemaker treatment has increased year by year. However, more and more new congestive heart failure （ CHF ） and aggravated CHF have appeared in patients after pacing therapy. Therefore, it is a hot topic that how to select reasonable pacing mode to reduce CHF occurrence or relieve CHF symptoms in patients with CHF.

Predictors of super-response to cardiac resynchronization therapy： the significance of heart failure medication, pre-implant left ventricular geometry and high percentage of biventricular pacing

Background Super-responders （SRs） are defined as patients who show crucial cardiac function improvement after cardiac resynchro- nization therapy （CRT）. The purpose of this study is to identify and validate predictors of SRs after CRT. Methods This study enrolled 201 patients who underwent CRT during the period from 2010 to 2014. Clinical and echocardiographic evaluations were conducted before CRT and 6 months after. Patients with a decrease in New York Heart Association （NYHA） fimctional class 〉 1, a decrease in left ventricular end-systolic volume （LVESV） ≥ 15%, and a final left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF） ≥ 45% were classified as SRs. Results 29% of the 201 patients who underwent CRT were identified as SRs. At baseline, SRs had significantly smaller left atrial diameter （LAD）, LVESV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume （LVEDV） and higher LVEF than the non-super-responders （non-SRs）. The percentage of patients using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers （ACEI/ARB） was higher in SRs than non-SRs. Most SRs had Biventricular （BiV） pacing percentage greater than 98% six months after CRT. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the independ- ent predictors of SRs were lower LVEDV [odd ratios （OR）： 0.93; confidence intervals （CI）： 0.90-0.97], use of ACEI/ARB （OR： 0.33; CI： 0.13~3.82） and BiV pacing percentage greater than 98% （OR： 0.29; CI： 0.16~.87）. Conclusion Patients with a better compliance of ACEI/ARB and a less ectatic ventricular geometry before CRT tends to have a greater probability of becoming SRs. Higher percentage of BiV pacing is essential for becoming SRs.

Left univentricular pacing for cardiac resynchronization therapy using rate-adaptive atrioventricular delay

Objective To evaluate left univentricular （LUV） pacing for cardiac resynchronization therapy （CRT） using a rate-adaptive atrioven- tricular delay （RAAVD） algorithm to track physiological atrioventricular delay （AVD）. Methods A total of 72 patients with congestive heart failure （CHF） were randomized to RAAVD LUV pacing versus standard biventricular （BiV） pacing in a 1 ： 1 ratio. Echocardiography was used to optimize AVD for both groups. The effects of sequential BiV pacing and LUV pacing with optimized A-V （right atrio-LV） delay using an RAAVD algorithm were compared. The standard deviation （SD） of the S/R ratio in lead VI at five heart rate （HR） segments （Rs/R-SD5）, defined as the ＂tracking index,＂ was used to evaluate the accuracy of the RAAVD algorithm for tracking physiological AVD. Results TheQRS complex duration （132 ± 9.8 vs. 138± 10ms, P 〈 0.05）, the time required for optimization （21 ±5 vs. 50±8min, P〈 0.001）, the mitral regurgitant area （1.9 ± 1.1 vs. 2.5 ± 1.3 em2, P 〈 0.05）, the interventricular mechanical delay time （60.7 ± 13.3 ms vs. 68.3 ± 14.2 ms, P 〈 0.05）, and the average annual cost （13,200 ± 1000 vs. 21,600 ± 2000 RMB, P 〈 0.001） in the RAAVD LUV pacing group were significantly less than those in the standard BiV pacing group. The aortic valve velocity-time integral in the RAAVD LUV pacing group was greater than that in the standard BiV pacing group （22.7 ± 2.2 vs. 21.4 ± 2.1 cm, P 〈 0.05）. The Rs/R-SD5 was 4.08 ± 1.91 in the RAAVD LUV pacing group, and was significantly negatively correlated with improved left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF） （ALVEF, Pearson＇s r = -0.427, P = 0.009）, and positively correlated with New York Heart Association class （Spearman＇s r - 0.348, P 0.037）. Conclusions RAAVD LUV pacing is as effective as standard BiV pacing, can be more physiological than standard BiV pacing, and can de- crease the average annual cost of CRT.

Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Heart Failure in Sub-Saharan Africa Environment: Experience of the Principal Hospital of Dakar (Senegal)

Background: Heart failure is a major public health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa. In patients with chronic Heart Failure and cardiac desynchrony, studies have suggested that cardiac resynchronization, can improve cardiac function and the quality of life of patients. However, in Sub-Saharan Africa, very few studies have been done on cardiac resynchronization which is in its infancy. The aim of this study is to report the local data from our hospital. Method: It was a transversal, descriptive and analytical study conducted from November 2019 to September 2022 at the Cardiology Department of the Principal Hospital of Dakar. Results: Twelve patients were implanted for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT). The sex ratio was 8 males/4 females. The average age was 67 ± 11 years. Ten patients had non-ischemic heart disease and the two others had ischemic one. All of them had NYHA III or IV scores before CRT. The Quality of Life (QOL) was judged as poor by all of the patients. The average duration of QRS was 156 ± 9 ms. 27.9% ± 5% was the mean Left Ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Complications occur in 3/12 patients (25%). It was one CS vein dissection, one micro LV lead dislodgement and one phrenic nerve stimulation. Nine patients, who were considered as responders, had an improvement of QOL and NYHA, the LVEF increased and the end-diastolic dimension, and the duration of the QRS interval all decreased. Two patients do not respond and one (1) who had permanent atrial fibrillation, was a secondary responder after an atrioventricular junction ablation. Conclusion: Cardiac resynchronization is a therapy that improves the QOL of patients, the LVEF and reduces the duration of the QRS interval. However, this procedure is not without risk of complications. In sub-Saharan Africa, the major challenge is to improve the financial accessibility of this therapy for the population.

希氏束起搏与右心室心尖部起搏对房室传导阻滞患者心脏结构学参数与功能学参数影响的临床研究

目的:探究希氏束起搏(HBP)与右心室心尖部起搏(RVAP)对房室传导阻滞(AVB)患者心脏结构学参数与功能学参数的影响。方法:选取收治的104例AVB患者为研究对象,随机分为HBP组和RVAP组各52例,HBP组行HBP治疗,RVAP组行RVAP治疗,比较两组术前、术后心脏结构学参数、心脏起搏参数、心率和血流动力学参数[心率(HR)、每搏输出量(SV)、心脏指数(CI)和左室射血分数(LVEF)]及QRS时限变化情况。结果:两组手术前后心脏结构学参数左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、室间隔厚度(IVS)、左室后壁厚度(LVPW)比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);术中、术后1个月、术后6个月心脏起搏阈值、R波幅度、电极阻抗比较无统计学差异(均P>0.05);术前、术后1个月,两组HR、SV、CI、LVEF、QRS时限比较无统计学差异(均P>0.05);术后6个月,HBP组HR、SV、CI、LVEF显著高于RVAP组(均P<0.05),RVAP组QRS波时限显著低于HBP组(P<0.05);结论:HBP对AVB患者的电-机械同步性优于RVAP,近期心脏血流动力学及心功能稳定性良好。

希浦系统起搏在CRT中的应用

1958年胸外科医生Senning为完全性房室传导阻滞患者植入了世界上首例埋藏式心脏起搏器,经过60余年的发展,从最初的右心室单腔起搏,到现在的双腔、三腔起搏,起搏器的风向标已经从单纯的激动心腔演变为追求电和机械同步性更佳的生理性起搏,应用范围也逐渐扩大,目前生理性起搏多采用希浦系统起搏。从最初的病态窦房结综合征、房室传导阻滞(atrioventricular block,AVB)等到现在的心脏再同步化治疗(cardiac resynchronization therapy,CRT),CRT可使用心脏再同步治疗起搏器(cardiac resynchronization therapy pacemaker,CRT-P)或心脏再同步治疗除颤器(cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator,CRT-D)。本文主要针对希浦系统起搏在CRT中的应用进行综述。

左束支起搏的心室起搏依赖病人安全性评估及短期疗效

目的:观察左束支起搏(LBBP)和右心室间隔起搏(RVSP)的电学、导线参数及位置稳定性,评估其可行性、安全性及同步性。方法:回顾分析明确诊断合并左束支阻滞(LBB)的病态窦房结综合征或房室传导阻滞病人37例,行LBBP 20例和RVSP 17例,记录2组临床随访资料及并发症。结果:LBBP组心室导线成功植入18例(90%),RVSP组植入19例(100%);LBBP组术中起搏阈值、术中起搏感知高于RVSP组(P<0.05);术后2组起搏阈值均较术中下降(P<0.01)。LBBP组术后起搏感知升高,起搏阻抗降低(P<0.05~P<0.01)。LBBP组术后QRS时限较术前缩窄(P<0.05),RVSP组较术前增宽(P<0.05);与RVSP组比较,LBBP组术后QRS时限缩窄(P<0.05),左心室激动时间缩短(P<0.05)。LBBP组术后3个月左心室射血分数(LVEF)及左心室舒张末内径(LVEDD)较术前相比差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);RVSP组术后3个月LVEF较术前相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但LVEDD较术前扩大(P<0.05)。与RVSP组比较,术后3个月时LBBP组LVEF有所改善,LVEDD缩小(P<0.05)。LBBP组1例因起搏阈值较高,另1例因右心房较大等原因,均改RVSP成功植入;RVSP组1例术后第2天出现囊袋血肿,经处理后完全吸收。2组术后随访均无囊袋感染、电极脱落、急性心血管及血栓形成事件等发生。结论:在心室起搏依赖病人中,LBBP组参数良好且稳定,并发症少,具有可行性及安全性,短期随访LBBP组同步性好。

急性心脏电极穿孔的处理策略分析

目的:分析和总结心律置入装置置入术后急性心脏电极穿孔的处理策略。方法:回顾性分析2007年1月至2019年1月,于北京大学人民医院因急性心脏电极穿孔成功拔除穿孔电极患者的临床资料。结果:共25例急性心脏电极穿孔患者成功拔除穿孔电极,其中合并心包积液4例(16.0%);伴有周围器官损伤1例(4.0%),表现为穿孔电极导线由右心室流出道部穿出,并穿入左肺,同时造成左侧液气胸。25例患者术前血流动力学均稳定,收缩压(129.7±11.2)mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),舒张压(70.8±9.8)mmHg。经静脉拔除24例(96.0%),经开胸手术成功拔除穿孔电极1例(4.0%)。经静脉拔除患者中,直接拔除22例(88.0%),经锁定钢丝拔除2例(8.0%)。1例经静脉拔除患者术后发生肺栓塞,经抗凝治疗后好转。结论:对于血流动力学稳定且不伴周围器官损伤的急性心脏电极穿孔患者,经静脉拔除穿孔电极是安全有效的处理策略。

高龄患者左束支区域起搏的可行性及安全性分析

目的探讨高龄患者左束支区域起搏(LBBaP)的可行性及安全性。方法回顾性地分析174例在马鞍山市中心医院行LBBaP的缓慢性心律失常患者。根据年龄分为高龄组(年龄>80岁)、低龄组(60岁<年龄<80岁),比较两组基线临床资料,手术相关指标,术中及随访1年的起搏器参数,心脏彩超参数以及并发症情况,观察LBBaP在高龄患者的可行性及安全性。结果在185例患者中,174例成功行LBBaP,成功率94.1%。高龄组患者成功率与低龄组相似(93%vs.94%,P=0.805),两组术中起搏器参数无统计学差异(P>0.05)。高龄组患者在平均年龄、糖尿病、冠心病、肾功能异常、心力衰竭等合并症均高于低龄组,但均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。随访1年,高龄组阈值、感知较术中有所上升(P<0.05),阻抗有所下降(P=0.034)。低龄组感知较术中上升(P=0.001)、阻抗下降(P<0.001);两组患者左室射血分数(LVEF)均较术前提高(P<0.05),其中高龄组改善更明显(P=0.008);两组N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)较术前明显下降(P<0.001)。两组术后起搏参数保持稳定,三尖瓣反流未有进展,手术并发症无统计学差异。结论LBBaP在高龄患者中是一种安全有效的生理性起搏方式。

左束支区域起搏应用于心脏同步化治疗系统的对比研究

目的评估在需要行心脏再同步治疗的心力衰竭(HF)患者中行左束支区域起搏(LBBP)的临床应用价值。方法连续入选2018年1月至2023年1月于江苏省苏北人民医院心血管内科具备置入心脏同步化治疗(CRT)起搏器Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类适应证的HF患者128例,其中因冠状窦电极置入失败而置入左束支电极32例作为LBBP组,行传统双心室起搏(BVP)96例作为BVP组。观察置入时2组起搏参数等指标,于术后第1、3、6、12个月至江苏省苏北人民医院“心律失常与心脏起搏器”专病门诊随诊,之后每3~4个月随访1次,完善临床评估、12导联心电图、超声心动图、起搏器功能程控等检查,记录因HF再入院或死亡事件。结果与术前比较,2组患者末次随访QRS波时限、纽约心脏病协会(NYHA)心功能分级、左心室舒张末期内径降低,左心室射血分数(LVEF)升高(P<0.05);LBBP组末次随访QRS波时限、NYHA心功能分级低于BVP组,LVEF高于BVP组(P<0.05)。2组置入时和末次随访的起搏参数比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。LBBP组和BVP组再入院率比较无显著差异(18.75%vs 16.67%,P>0.05)。结论LBBP安全有效,可改善HF患者心功能,可能为传统CRT无效患者提供新的选择。

左心室室间隔瘢痕对左束支起搏术实现左束支夺获的影响

目的:通过心脏磁共振探索室间隔瘢痕对左束支起搏实现左束支夺获的影响。方法:回顾性分析52例拟接受左束支起搏的患者,根据是否实现左束支夺获分为失败组和成功组,并通过心脏磁共振对室间隔瘢痕分节段进行评分。结果:上室间隔瘢痕评分是预测左束支夺获成功与否的独立预测因子。当上室间隔的瘢痕<25%,左束支夺获的成功率为100%。而当瘢痕≥50%,左束支夺获的失败率为100%。结论:采用心脏磁共振评估上室间隔瘢痕有助于预测左束支起搏手术成功与否,为手术的顺利实施提供可靠的参考依据。

左束支区域起搏在改善右束支阻滞、射血分数降低患者心功能中的应用效果

目的探究左束支区域起搏(LBBaP)在改善右束支阻滞(RBBB)、射血分数降低(LVEF)≤35%患者心电图及心功能改善的效果。方法选取2020年2月到2022年8月期间九江市第一人民医院心血管内科的80例RBBB且LVEF≤35%患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组(40例)及试验组(40例)。对照组给予双室起搏(Bi-V),试验组给予LBBaP。比较两组患者治疗前后左室舒张末径(LVDED)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、6 min步行距离(6MWD)、NN间期标准差(SDNN)、相邻NN间期之差的均方根值(rMSSD)、每5分钟NN间期均值的标准差(SDANN)、ST-T波改变情况、心力衰竭再入院率、死亡发生率、主要并发症(心脏穿孔、心包积血、恶性心律失常、心源性猝死和急性心肌梗死)。结果两组患者治疗前LVDED、LVEF、6MWD比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者治疗后LVDED低于本组治疗前,LVEF高于本组治疗前,6MWD长于本组治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组治疗后低于对照组,LVEF高于对照组,6MWD长于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组的ST-T波改变率高于对照组,SDNN、rMSSD、SDANN均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组心力衰竭再入院率、并发症发生率、死亡率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论左束支区域起搏可有效改善心功能及心电图指标,降低心力衰竭再入院率、并发症发生率、死亡率,值得推广。