Effect of L-carnitine on Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis and Cardiac Function in Patients Undergoing Heart Valve Replacement Operation

Summary： The effects of L-carnitine, as an ingredient of cardioplegia solution, on cardiac function and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in patients undergoing heart valve replacement operation were investigated. Twenty-three cases undergoing heart valve replacement with cardiopulmonary bypass （CPB） were randomly allocated into two groups： L-carnitine group （n=12, 12 g/L L-carnitine was put in the ST. Thomas cardioplegia） and control group （n=11, identical to the L-carnitine group except that normal saline was administered instead of L-carnitine）. Serum cardial troponin I （cTnI） levels, the left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF）, and cardiac index （CI） were measured perioperatively. A bit of myocardial tissue obtained from right atria was taken before CPB and by the end of intracardiac procedure to undergo electron microscopy examination and estimate apoptosis by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling （TUNEL）. From the end of CPB to 3 days after operation, the serum levels of cTnI in the L-carnitine group was significantly lower than that in the control group （P〈0.05）. Heart color ultrasonogram showed that the CI index and LVEF at 7th day postoperatively in the L-carnitine group were significantly higher than in the control group （P〈0.05）. Compared to the control group, L-carnitine significantly alleviated the morphologic changes of cardiac muscle cells （electron microscopy examination） and decreased the amounts of apoptotic cardiac muscle cells （TUNEL）. Furthermore, the dosage of vasoactive drugs used after operation was significantly less in the L-carnitine group （P〈0.01）. It was concluded that L-carnitine cardioplegia solution could improve cardiac function in patients undergoing heart valve replacement operation and alleviate CPB-mediated apoptosis of cardiac muscle cells.

Echocardiographic Monitoring of Cardiac Parameters after Mitral Valve Replacement with the Preservation of Subvalvular Structures

To date many monitoring techniques have been used to determine the efficacy of surgical correction of mitral valve disease. The most common non-invasive method in use is echocardiography which can assess the myocardial and mitral valve function changes after mitral valve replacement procedures. In this study, we investigated the five-year follow-up echocardiographic results of 143 patients undergoing mitral valve replacement with preservation of subvalvular apparatus to analyze the recovery of myocardial and mitral valve functions.

Noninvasive Assessment of Cardiac Index with Transesophageal Echocardiography in Patients Undergoing Mitral Valve Replacement: A Comparison between Determinations at the Mitral Valve and the Ascending Aorta

Methods: Sixteen patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists status (ASA) II-III, age ≤ 70 yr, male or female, preoperatively NYHA II-III and EF ≥ 45%, scheduled for mitral valve replacement (MVR) were studied. Complete intravenous general anesthesia was used for induction and anesthesia maintenance. After anesthesia induction we put the TEE probe into the esophagus. The cardiac index was determined at three periods following MVR: T1 30 minutes later following cessation of bypass, T2 60 minutes after cessation of bypass, T3 90 minutes after cessation of bypass. Statistical analysis was made with the Bland and Altman method. Results: Ninety-six measurements were compared. The cardiac index values at the level of prosthesis mitral valve (CIMV) ranged from 1.3 to 5.5 L·min-1·m-2 (mean 2.6 ± 0.9). The Values of cardiac index at aortic valve (CIAA) ranged from 2.7 to8.8 L·min-1·m-2 (mean 4.9 ± 1.7). Bias was -2.3 L·min-1·m-2 and limits of agreement -5.6 to 1.0 L·min-1·m-2. Conclusion: During mitral valve replacement, doubtful correlations were observed between values of cardiac index at the mitral valve and the ascending aorta using TEE.

Clinical results of tricuspid valve replacement—a 21-case report

Objective： To summarize the clinical experiences of 21 patients treated with tricuspid valve replacement （TVR） and investigate the surgical indications and methods. Methods： Data from 21 patients who underwent TVR from December 2002 to March 2009 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. The mean age was 48.86± 15.37 years （range： 20-72 years）. The underlying disease of the patients was classified as rheumatic （n = 10）, congenital （n = 8）, endocarditis （n = 2） or chest trauma （n = 1）. Previous cardiac surgery had been performed in 12 patients （57.14%）. Results： In-hospital death occurred in two patients （9.52%）. Postoperative morbidities included cardiac failure （n = 2）, bleeding related re-operation （n = 1）, and plural effusion （n = 2）. Conclusion： The early outcomes of TVR were acceptable. At the present time TVR can be performed through optimal perioperative management.

Survey on the Readiness for Hospital Discharge and Its Influencing Factors among Patients with Cardiac Valve Replacement

Background: There are about 200,000 patients in China who need to undergo valve replacement surgery each year. With the promotion and application of the Fast-Track Surgery concept and the increase in hospital bed turnover rate, the average hospital stay of patients undergoing CVR surgery has been significantly shortened, and thus the patients are still in the recovery stage rather than fully recovered when they are discharged from the hospital. Good preparation for discharge can improve patients’ post-discharge self-care ability, reduce the risk of re-admission, and save medical resources. Objective: To describe the status of readiness for hospital discharge among postoperative patients that have undergone CVR, and to explore its influencing factors. Methods: The general information questionnaire, the Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale and the Quality of discharge Teaching Scale were utilized to investigate 130 post-CVR patients admitted to the Cardiothoracic Surgery Department of a tertiary A-Class hospital in Guangzhou from July 2019 to October 2020. Results: The Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale was at a moderate level with a total score of 163.88 ± 39.082, while the Quality of Discharge Teaching Scale was also at a moderate level with a total score of 194.09 ± 40.643. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the quality of discharge guidance, gender, and occupation were the influencing factors of CVR patient’s readiness for hospital discharge. These three variables jointly explained 45.8% of the total variation. Conclusion: The level of CVR patients’ readiness for hospital discharge is at a moderate level, and the quality of discharge guidance positively affects patients’ readiness for discharge. Therefore, in clinical work, attention should be paid to patient discharge guidance. Personalized health education should be implemented to improve the quality of patient guidance.

Patient selection for transcatheter aortic valve replacement:A combined clinical and multimodality imaging approach

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR) has been validated as a new therapy for patients affected by severe symptomatic aortic stenosis who are not eligible for surgical intervention because of major contraindication or high operative risk. Patient selection for TAVR should be based not only on accurate assessment of aortic stenosis morphology, but also on several clinical and functional data. Multi-Imaging modalities should be preferred for assessing the anatomy and the dimensions of the aortic valve and annulus before TAVR. Ultrasounds represent the first line tool in evaluation of this patients giving detailed anatomic description of aortic valve complex and allowing estimating with enough reliability the hemodynamic entity of valvular stenosis. Angiography should be used to assess coronary involvement and plan a revascularization strategy before the implant. Multislice computed tomography play a central role as it can give anatomical details in order to choice the best fitting prosthesis, evaluate the morphology of the access path and detect other relevant comorbidities. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance and positron emission tomography are emergent modality helpful in aortic stenosis evaluation. The aim of this review is to give an overview onTAVR clinical and technical aspects essential for adequate selection.

Change in quality of life after transcatheter aortic valve implantation and aortic valve replacement surgery in Australian patients aged ≥ 75 years： the effects of EuroSCORE and patient operability

Objective To determine the extent to which differences in generic quality of life （QOL） between transcatheter aortic valve implanta- tion （TAVI） and surgical aortic valve replacement （AVR） patients explained by EuroSCORE and heart-team operability assessment. Methods A total of 146 high-risk patients with EuroSCORE 〉 6 and aged 〉 75 years underwent TAVI （n = 80） or aortic valve replacement （n = 66） between February 2010 and July 2013. A total of 75 patients also completed preoperative and six month SF-12 QOL measures. Analyses examined incident major morbidity, compared six month QOL between groups adjusted for EUroSCORE and operability, and quantified rates of clinically significant QOL improvement and deterioration. Results The AVR group required longer ventilation （〉 24 h） （TAVI 5.0% vs. AVR 20.6%, P = 0.004） and more units of red blood cells [TAVI 0 （0-1） vs. AVR 2 （0-3）, P = 0.01]. New renal failure was higher in TAVI （TAVI 5.0% vs. AVR 0%, P = 0.06）. TAVI patients reported significantly lower vitality （P = 0.01） by comparison to AVR patients, however these findings were no longer significant after adjustment for operability. In both procedures, clinically significant QOL improvement was common [range 25.0% （general health） - 62.9% （physical role）] whereas deterioration in QOL occurred less frequently [range 9.3% （physical role） - 33.3% （mental health）]. Conclusions Clinically significant improvement and deterioration in QOL was evident at six months in high risk elderly aortic valve replacement patients. Overall QOL did not differ between TAVI and AVR once operability was taken into consideration.

Mixed Venous Oxygen Saturation during the Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement—A Prospective Cohort Study

Purpose: Patients scheduled to undergo the transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) are usually octogenarians with severe co-morbidities and an increased risk of surgery-associated complications. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of insufficient oxygen delivery as measured by mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) via invasive continuous cardiopulmonary monitoring and the low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS) in patients undergoing the TAVR procedure. The second objective was to examine how these hemodynamic measurements would change during critical events, such as rapid ventricular pacing (RVP) during this procedure. Methods: This prospective, observational study, examined twenty patients undergoing TAVR under general anesthesia. Hemodynamic variables, SvO2 and the continuous cardiac output (CO) were assessed using pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) and a Vigilance? monitor. Insufficient oxygen delivery was defined as a SvO2 value under 58% and LCOS as a cardiac index (CI) under 2 L/min/m2. Total intravenous anesthesia and hemodynamic management protocol were standardized. RVP was induced twice during the procedure at a frequency of 180 - 200/min. Predefined clinical endpoints were assessed during the procedure and hemodynamic values were analyzed before and after twelve critical events. Results: The data of twenty patients with a mean age of 80 ± 4 years and EuroSCORE 18 ± 10 were analyzed. Fourteen (70%) of the TAVR procedures were performed transapically, the other six (30%) transfemorally. The SvO2 value under 58% (mean 54 ± 6) and the CI under 2 L/min/m2 (mean 1.6 ± 0.2) were detected in 60% of patients (n = 12) before the use of RVP. All of these patients received perioperative inotropic medication and required norepinephrine infusion for maintenance of adequate blood pressure. The SvO2, CO and CI were significantly decreased after the use of RVP (P 2 reverted rapidly to the same level as before the application of RVP (1 min), CO, and CI 10 min later. At the end of the operation SvO2 values were at same level as before RVP and CO and CI were higher than before RVP. Conclusion: A high incidence of insufficient oxygen delivery and low cardiac output syndrome were detected in patients undergoing TAVR procedures. Nonetheless, all hemodynamic values returned rather rapidly to the same level as before the use of the RVP and were at the optimal level at the end of the procedure. According to the current study, the most hemodynamically hazardous steps during TAVR are the use of RVP sequences, the induction of anesthesia and the initiation of surgery.

Minimally Invasive Aortic Valve Replacement with Partial Lower Sternotomy

Objectives: Due to recent spread of minimally invasive surgery, the demand for minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS) is increasing. We investigate the usefulness of minimally invasive aortic valve replacement (MICS-AVR) which was performed in our hospital. Methods: Of 63 consecutive patients undergone an isolated aortic valve replacement (AVR), 16 patients underwent MICS-AVR with partial lower sternotomy (M group) and 47 patients underwent AVR with median full sternotomy (C group). We compared the two groups in a retrospective study. Results: No significant difference was found in the surgical and perioperative-related factors between the two groups. However, the average of aortic cross-clamping time was longer, and intensive and high care unit stay was shorter in the M group. A tendency to decrease blood transfusion was observed in the M group. There was no hospital death in all patients. The mean follow-up period was 29 ± 15 months. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the survival rate, and the 5-year survival rates were 88.9% in the M group and 85.9% in the C group. Conclusion: It was suggested that the MICS-AVR could be safe and useful procedure in AVR.

The Structural Impact of Aortic Valve Replacement on Mitral Regurgitation

Background: Structural changes to the mitral annulus occur following aortic valve replacement (AVR) for severe aortic stenosis which may influence functional mitral regurgitation (MR). Methods: A retrospective review of 44 patients who underwent open AVR for aortic stenosis at a single center from 2010-2013 was performed. Patients undergoing concomitant aortic root surgery or with severe MR were excluded. MR was evaluated with preoperative and postoperative transthoracic echocardiograms. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed to assess for factors associated with postoperative MR improvement and worsening. Results: Prior to AVR, none had severe MR, 5% (2 patients) had moderate, 9% (4 patients) mild-to-moderate, 46% (20 patients) mild, and 23% (9 patients) trace MR. Of patients with pre-operative MR, 44% (16 patients) experienced improvement of MR. Six patients had worsening of MR and the remaining 22 patients had no change. Cases of more severe MR were more likely to improve compared with mild or trace MR (P = 0.04). MR worsening was significantly more likely in patients with bicuspid aortic valves (83% vs. 24%;P = 0.004), and with larger aortic annulus diameters (P = 0.03). MR worsening was less frequent in cases of mitral annular calcification (0% vs 42%;P = 0.04) and left atrial enlargement (17% vs 65%;P = 0.03). Logistic regression analysis revealed negative predictors for MR improvement were mitral annular calcification (P = 0.04) and larger aortic annulus diastolic diameter (P = 0.05). Conclusion: Structural factors such as aortic annular size, mitral annular calcification and valve morphology may impact MR following AVR and should be investigated further as potential targets of surgical therapy.

Safety and effectiveness of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in cardiac surgery:A systematic review

BACKGROUND Lack of mobilization and prolonged stay in the intensive care unit(ICU)are major factors resulting in the development of ICU-acquired muscle weakness(ICUAW).ICUAW is a type of skeletal muscle dysfunction and a common complication of patients after cardiac surgery,and may be a risk factor for prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation,associated with a higher risk of readmission and higher mortality.Early mobilization in the ICU after cardiac surgery has been found to be low with a significant trend to increase over ICU stay and is also associated with a reduced duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU length of stay.Neuromuscular electrical stimulation(NMES)is an alternative modality of exercise in patients with muscle weakness.A major advantage of NMES is that it can be applied even in sedated patients in the ICU,a fact that might enhance early mobilization in these patients.AIM To evaluate safety,feasibility and effectiveness of NMES on functional capacity and muscle strength in patients before and after cardiac surgery.METHODS We performed a search on Pubmed,Physiotherapy Evidence Database(PEDro),Embase and CINAHL databases,selecting papers published between December 2012 and April 2023 and identified published randomized controlled trials(RCTs)that included implementation of NMES in patients before after cardiac surgery.RCTs were assessed for methodological rigor and risk of bias via the PEDro.The primary outcomes were safety and functional capacity and the secondary outcomes were muscle strength and function.RESULTS Ten studies were included in our systematic review,resulting in 703 participants.Almost half of them performed NMES and the other half were included in the control group,treated with usual care.Nine studies investigated patients after cardiac surgery and 1 study before cardiac surgery.Functional capacity was assessed in 8 studies via 6MWT or other indices,and improved only in 1 study before and in 1 after cardiac surgery.Nine studies explored the effects of NMES on muscle strength and function and,most of them,found increase of muscle strength and improvement in muscle function after NMES.NMES was safe in all studies without any significant complication.CONCLUSION NMES is safe,feasible and has beneficial effects on muscle strength and function in patients after cardiac surgery,but has no significant effect on functional capacity.

Quality of life and functional capacity in patients after cardiac surgery intensive care unit

Coronary heart disease and aortic stenosis are prevalent cardiovascular diseases worldwide,leading to morbidity and mortality.Coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG)and surgical aortic valve replacement(SAVR)have therapeutic benefits,including improved postoperative quality of life(QoL)and enhanced patient functional capacity which are key indicators of cardiac surgery outcome.In this article,we review the latest studies of QoL outcomes and functional capacity in patients who underwent cardiac surgery.Many standardized instruments are used to evaluate QoL and functional conditions.Preoperative health status,age,length of intensive care unit stay,operative risk,type of procedure,and other pre-,intra-,and postoperative factors affect postoperative QoL.Elderly patients experience impaired physical status soon after cardiac surgery,but it improves in the following period.CABG and SAVR are associated with increases of physical and mental health and functional capacity in the immediate postoperative and the long long-term.Cardiac rehabilitation improves patient functional capacity,QoL,and frailty following cardiac surgery.

Surgical incision in complete video-assisted mitral valve replacement

Background Prosthetic mitral valve replacement is a common surgical treatment of mitral valve disease.Complete video-assisted mitral valve replacement represents the contemporary minimally invasive cardiac surgery in valve disease surgical therapy. In the field of minimally invasive cardiac surgery, the success of the operation is largely depending on surgical incision, it also reflects the surgeon’s technique level. Method From February 2010 to February 2013, 80 cases of cardiac patients with mitral valve pathological changes in our department who had received surgical treatment of complete video-assisted mitral valve replacement were recruited, they were divided into two groups according to the surgical incision： midclavicular group（M group,n = 50） and parasternal group（P group, n = 30）. The clinical data were recorded including： cardiopulmonary bypass time, aortic clamping time, volume of thoracic drainage after operation, ICU tracheal intubation time,postoperative days of hospital stay and time for observing the postoperative complications. The comparison between two groups was performed using t-test analysis. Result Both M Group and P Group had favorable surgical view, there were no emergency situation of redo median sternotomy during initial operative period or intraoperative death, no pericardial tamponade, no infection, and no other serious postoperative complications.Whereas, there were 2 cases of redo operation for stanch bleeding in M Group and 1 case of perivalvular leakage in P Group. Nevertheless, 3 months later, the result of reexamine showed that the perivalvular leakage had vanished. The clinical data was shown as follow（M Group vs. P Group）： cardiopulmonary bypass time（90.2 ± 28.7 vs. 87.3 ± 24.5 min, P 〉 0.05）, aortic clamping time（65.2 ± 17.4 vs. 68.6 ± 21.9 min, P 〉 0.05）,1st day volume of thoracic drainage after operation 1（75.8 ± 35.6 vs. 53.2 ± 25.6 mL, P 〉 0.05）, ICU tracheal intubation time（9.6 ± 3.4 vs. 8.4 ± 4.5 hours, P 〉 0.05）, postoperative days of hospital stay（7.3 ± 2.2 vs. 6.9± 3.2 days, P 〉 0.05）. T-test analysis of the data of each groups showed that there were no significant statistically difference. Conclusions Appropriate surgical incisions guarantee a favorable surgical view and the success of the whole process during intraoperative period. In both midclavicular and parasternal approaches, the complete video-assisted mitral valve replacement is able to be accomplished safely and successfully. Due to the current development level of thoracoscopic instruments and equipment, the surgical incision and approach for video-assisted mitral valve replacement are diversified. As a result, diversified surgical incisions can be customized according to the variegated pathological changes of cardiac patients.

机械瓣替换术后患者血浆D-二聚体动态检测的临床意义

目的：研究机械瓣替换术后患者血浆Ｄ－二聚体动态变化规律，以指导术后抗凝治疗。方法：用酶联免疫吸附测定法（ＥＬＩＳＡ，双抗体夹心法）检测正常对照组３５例，胸部恶性肿瘤组１２例、瓣膜替换组２５例，术前及术后１、３、７、１０、１５、２０、３０、６０天血浆中Ｄ－二聚体浓度动态变化。瓣膜替换组同时检测凝血酶原时间（ＰＴ）及观察临床抗凝治疗疗效。结果：瓣膜替换组患者血浆Ｄ－二聚体浓度术前略高于正常（Ｐ＜０．０１），术后显著增高（Ｐ＜０．０１），且逐渐增高，７～１０天达到高峰，５０～６０天降至正常水平。胸部恶性肿瘤组术前、术后血浆Ｄ－二聚体也升高。结论：瓣膜替换组术前无论合并心房颤动与否，均提示高凝状态。术后２个月内处于血栓形成的高危期。血浆Ｄ－二聚体动态检测可指导术后抗凝治疗。胸部恶性肿瘤组患者存在凝血及纤溶异常。

七氟醚维持麻醉对心脏瓣膜置换术患者血清超敏肌钙蛋白I、IL-6和TNF-α的影响

目的通过观察七氟醚维持麻醉对心脏瓣膜置换术患者血清超敏肌钙蛋白I(hs-cTnI)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)浓度的影响,探讨其对心肌的保护作用。方法采用随机对照研究方法,将36例择期在体外循环下行单瓣膜置换术的风湿性心脏病患者,分为七氟醚组(S组)和对照组(C组),每组18例。七氟醚组以吸入七氟醚维持麻醉,对照组以静脉泵注芬太尼和咪达唑仑维持麻醉。整个手术中维持脑电双频指数(BIS)40-55。检测术前(T1)、主动脉开放时(T2)、主动脉开放2 h(T3)、24 h(T4)后血清中hs-cTnI、IL-6和TNF-α的浓度。结果在T1和T2时两组血清中hs-cTnI、IL-6和TNF-α浓度在组内和组间的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);在T3、T4时两组血清中hs-cTnI、IL-6、TNF-α浓度均较T1和T2时升高(P<0.05);在T3、T4时血清中hs-cTnI、IL-6、TNF-α浓度S组均明显低于C组(P<0.05)。结论七氟醚维持麻醉能明显减轻瓣膜置换术中心肌缺血-再灌注损伤,其机制可能与抑制炎性因子的产生有关。

米力农对心脏瓣膜手术患者围手术期血浆C-反应蛋白及细胞因子水平影响

目的 比较米力农对心肺转流下行心脏瓣膜置换术患者围手术期血浆C 反应蛋白 (CRP)及细胞因子TNF α、IL 8、IL 10水平的影响。方法 随机、双盲将择期心瓣膜置换术手术患者 16例分为两组 ,一组为米力农组 (M组 ) ,另一组为控制组 (C组 ) ;每组 8例。M组在主动脉阻断钳开放后立即静脉输入米力农负荷量 0 0 5 0mg·kg-1,10min内输完 ;继之以静脉输注维持量米力农 2× 10 -4mg·kg-1·min-1;C组以同样方法注入安慰剂。分别于全麻诱导前 (基础 ,T1)、主动脉开放后 (T2 )、心肺转流停机后 (T3 )、术毕(T4)、术后 2 4h(T5)、术后 4 8h(T6)抽取患者中心静脉血 ,采用放射免疫法定量测定TNF α、IL 8、IL 10的血浆水平 ;采用放射免疫分析法定量测定CRP血浆水平。结果 M组和C组TNF α在T1、T2 、T3 、T4、T5、T6血浆浓度相比较差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) ,但M组T2 较T1减低 (P <0 0 5 )。CRP在T5、T6时 ,M组高于C组 (P <0 0 5 )。IL 8血浆浓度在T4时 ,M组值高于C组 ,差异具有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ;IL 10血浆浓度在T5、T6位点上 ,M组值高于C组 ,差异具有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。CRP在M组和C组中术后 2 4h和术后 4 8h均较T1有显著升高 (P <0 0 5 ) ;IL 8在M组和C组中T2 、T3 、T4、T5、T6时均增高 (P <0 0 5 )?

米力农对心肺转流心瓣膜置换术患者心肌缺血-再灌注损伤的影响

目的 比较心肺转流 (CPB)下心瓣膜置换术使用米力农和硝酸甘油时患者血浆中心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)及肌酸激酶同功酶MB(CK MB)水平的变化 ,了解其对心肌缺血 再灌注损伤的影响。方法 择期心内直视手术心瓣膜置换患者 2 4例 ,分为米力农组 (M组 )和硝酸甘油组 (N组 ) ,每组 12例。分别于全麻诱导前 (T0 )、主动脉开放后 10min(T1)和术毕 (T2 )抽取患者中心静脉血 ,测定cTnI和CK MB血浆水平。结果 M组cTnI在T1和T2 均较N组低 (P <0 0 5 )。两组CK MB组间比较M组略低于N组 (P >0 .0 5 )。M组和N组内cTnI、CK MB在T1和T2 所测定值均高于T0(P <0 0 5 ) ,且T2 高于T1(P <0 0 5 )。两组cTnI、CK MB随时间推移呈明显上升趋势。结论 CPB下行心瓣膜置换术时使用米力农比使用硝酸甘油更有可能改善心肌的缺血

乌司他丁对心脏直视手术患者围术期血清呼吸指数和白细胞介素-6的影响

目的探讨乌司他丁对心脏直视手术患者围术期血清呼吸指数(RI)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平的影响。方法28例择期瓣膜置换术患者随机均分为乌司他丁组(Ⅰ组)和对照组(Ⅱ组)。分别测定中心静脉开放后(T1)、心肺转流(CPB)前即刻(T2)、主动脉开放即刻(T3)、1h(T4)、2h(T5)、18h(T6)6个时点血清RI和IL-6。结果与T1时相比,T2时Ⅱ组IL-6明显升高(P<0.05),亦明显升高Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。与T1时相比,T2、T4～T6时两组RI均明显升高(P<0.05),T5时Ⅱ组明显高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。结论乌司他丁能抑制IL-6释放,起到一定的肺保护作用。

心脏瓣膜置换术患者围手术期血浆NT-proBNP检测的临床意义

目的探讨心脏瓣膜置换患者围手术期血清N-末端脑尿钠肽原(NT-proBNP)检测的临床意义。方法测定296例心脏瓣膜置换患者围手术期血浆NT-proBNP水平,分析术前血浆NT-proBNP水平与心功能分级的关系,观察术后变化情况,比较死亡和有并发症患者及无并发症患者围手术期血浆NT-proBNP水平。结果术前不同心功能分级患者左心室射血分数(LVEF)和血浆NT-proBNP水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(F分别为5.268、8.173,P<0.05),术前血清BNP水平与心功能分级呈正比(r=0.776,P<0.01),与患者的LVEF呈反比(r=-0.472,P<0.05);术后第1天血浆NT-proBNP水平达到峰值,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=20.913,P<0.05)),术后第3、5、7天逐渐下降。死亡和有并发症患者术前血浆NT-proBNP水平及术后血浆NT-proBNP峰值水平均高于无并发症组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论心脏瓣膜置换术患者术前血浆NTproBNP浓度能够反映心功能情况,术后血浆NT-proBNP水平早期升高,然后逐渐下降,术前及术后血浆NT-proBNP浓度升高对预测患者的转归有一定临床价值。